1、专项语法十四 主谓一致要点精析一、语法一致原则主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数，主语是复数，谓语用复数。Two students are waiting for you in your office.两名学生在办公室等你。二、意义一致原则1谓语动词用单数的情况(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家来自武汉。(2)“no/each/every/many a 单 数 名 词 andno/each/every/many a单数名词”作主语。Every man
2、 and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。例(2010陕西，24)It is reported that many a new house_at present in the disaster area.Aare being built Bwere being builtCwas being built Dis being built解析：句意：据报道，现在许多新房屋正在灾区兴建。由at present 可知本句要用现在进行
3、时态，而当“many a可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，尽管含有复数意义。答案：D(3)one/every one/each/either/the numberof复数名词作主语。Each of the students has a book.每个学生都有一本书。(4)由every，any，some，no和one,thing，body等所构成的不定代词作主语。Is everybody here today?今天每个人都在这儿吗？(5)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。Persuading him to join us seems really hard.劝他加入我们看起来确实难。To g
4、o to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是一个好的习惯。Whatever was left was taken away.无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。注意：what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。What they need are books.他们需要的是书。例(2010湖南，33)Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.Ais BareCha
5、s Dhave解析：句意：在摇滚音乐中，听嘈杂的音乐使一些青少年造成听力损失。本题考查主谓一致。动名词短语作主语时，谓语用单数。根据句法结构，此处应用主动语态。答案：C2谓语动词用复数的情况(1)由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out.面包和黄油都卖完了。(2)people,police,cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。People read for pleasure during their spare time.人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。(3)一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods,stairs
6、,arms等作主语。The goods are made in China.这些货物都是中国制造的。(4)由山脉、群岛、瀑布等以s结尾的专有名词作主语。The Himalayas are the roof of the world.喜马拉雅山脉是世界屋脊。(5)a number of/quantities of/a group of名词作主语。A number of other plants were found in America.在美国发现了大量的其他植物。例(2009福 建)Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantitie
7、s of water_.Ahave polluted Bis being pollutedChas been polluted Dhave been polluted解析：large quantities ofn.作主语时，其谓语动词用复数形式，故排除B、C两项。由句意可知此处表示“水被污染”，故用被动形式。故选D。答案：D3谓语动词单、复数视情况而定(1)集 体 名 词 class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语，强调整体
8、用单数，指个体成员用复数。The population in China is very large and 80%of the population live in rural areas.中国人口很多，其中80%的人住在农村。(3)“kind,sort,pair,type名词”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。The kind of paper is made of straw.这种纸是由稻草制成的。Some kinds of animals are dying out.一些种类的动物要灭绝了。(4)all,none,some,any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。All is
9、going on very well.一切顺利。All are present besides the professor.包括教授在内大家都在。(5)“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/a lot/plenty/分数/百分数of名词”作主语，谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。A lot of students are coming to the meeting.有很多学生要来开会。A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference.准备这次会议需要做大量的工作。三、就近一致原
10、则1 由 or,either.or.,neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。Neither you nor I am fit for the work.你和我都不适合这份工作。例(2009湖南)Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.Aare BisChave Dbe解析：考查主谓一致。句意：要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。按照就近一致原则，one of your students
11、的中心词为one，谓语动词该用单数，在本句中is to do表示应该(should)。答案：B注意：“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。Henry,rather than Jane and John,is responsible for the loss.损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。答案：B例(2009陕西)Dr.Smith,together with h
12、is wife and daughters，_visit Beijing this summer.A.is going to B.are going toC.was going to D.were going to解析：本题考查主谓一致。句意：Dr.Smith将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京。由this summer可知本句应用一般将来时，故排除C、D；together with连接并列主语时，谓语动词单复数应取决于其前面的主语，故选A。答案：A2由there,here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pencil and two pens in
13、the pencilbox.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。Are there three books and one pen on your desk?你的书桌上有三本书和一支钢笔吗？四、从句中谓语动词的数1在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，主谓语动词的数和先行词保持一致，但“one of复数名词”后面的定语从句的谓语动词用复数，而在“the(only/very)one of复数名词”后面所接的定语从句中，谓语动词却用单数。He is one of the students who have taken part in the activity.他是参加过这个活动的学生之一。He is the o
14、nly one of the students who has taken part in the activity.他是唯一参加过这个活动的学生。例(2010全国，9)Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _evening dress.Awear BwearsChas worn Dhave worn解析：考查时态和定语从句的主谓一致。句意：巴巴拉很容易被认出，因为她是唯一穿晚礼服的一位女士。用一般现在时表示当时的状态。先行词被the only 修饰，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。答案：B2在强调句型中，如果被强调的部分是原句的主语，that/who后的谓语动词的数与被强调的部分保持一致。It is I who am wrong.是我错了。
