1、（全国I卷）2021届高三英语上学期1月优生联赛试题（含解析）注意事项:1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的
2、A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.答案是C。1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where does this conversation take place?A. At an airport.B. At a railway station.C. At a travel agency.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: I cant believe it took us two hou
3、rs to get here. The traffic in New York is unbelievable.W: Yeah, but just relax, honey, were here and were going on vacation. In a few hours well be in Hawaii!2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What are the speakers talking about?A. What to eat.B. Where to eat.C. Where to meet.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: We are thinking of c
4、hecking out a restaurant in the neighborhood. Do you have any suggestions?M: I know a great little place. They make really tasty seafood.3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the possible relationship between the speakers?A. Colleagues.B. Neighbors.C. Schoolmates.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M: Hey! What are you doing in th
5、is neighborhood? Do you live around here?W: Actually, my office is right around the corner. By the way, it was great to meet you last week at the high school reunion!4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Why is the woman making this phone call?A. To call for a meeting.B. To change an appointment time.C. To cancel an
6、 appointment.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Im just calling about our meeting today. Is it possible to reschedule our appointment? I have an emergency that I need to take care of.M: Let me see, it shouldnt be too much of a problem.5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Exchange currency at
7、the airport.B. Check the exchange rate.C. Change money at the bank.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: I dont have any U.S. dollars. Can I change money here at the airport?M: You could, but I wouldnt recommend it. The exchange rate is really high and so are the fees. Ill take you to the bank tomorrow.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，
8、满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6. What do we know about the man?A. He is organizing a jazz band.B. He is looking for a singer.C. He is interviewing a musician.7. How many
9、 people does the man need to make a band?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.【答案】6. B 7. C【解析】【原文】M：Im forming a music band. W：Do you already know how to play an instrument?M：Mm I told you thousand times that Im learning to play the jobs. Now that I know how to play well, Id like to form a rock band.W：Aside from yoursel
10、f who are the other members of the band？M：We have a guy who plays guitar and another who plays bass. Although we still havent found anyone to be our singer, you told me that you had some music talent, right?W：Yes，Im a singer.M：Perfect, so you can try of this we can hear at my house.W：Great.听下面一段较长对话
11、，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8. Why does the woman want to take some extra time off?A. Because she has to attend a wedding overseas.B. Because she is going to get married overseas.C. Because she wants to get some more time to rest.9. What is required for the woman to get some extra time off?A Giving at
12、 least two weeks advance notice.B. Making plans for the absence.C. Taking the leave without being paid.10. How long does the woman plan to take off?A. 5 days.B. 10 days.C. 15 days.【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B【解析】【原文】W: Mr. McKenna, I was just wondering you see, I know Ive used up all my vacation days this ye
13、ar, but my sister is getting married, and the wedding is overseas, and, wellM: You want to take some time off, is that right?W: Well, sir, I was just hoping that I might be able to take some unpaid leave this year.M: What dates are you planning on taking off? Ill need at least two months notice, so
14、that I can plan for your absence.W: I was thinking of taking off from September 5th until the 15th. Would you be okay with that?M: Well, I guess so.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11. What does the man want the woman to do?A. Dry clean the dress.B. Attend a wedding.C. Share his secret.12. When ca
15、n the man get the dress back?A. By the end of the week.B. Tomorrow morning.C. Tomorrow afternoon.13. What do we know about the mans wife?A. She is going to get married tomorrow.B. She accidentally spilled beer on her dress.C. She doesnt know what happened to her dress.【答案】11. A 12. C 13. C【解析】原文】M:
16、Thank god you are open! I have an emergency!W: Hello Mr. Henderson what can I do for you?M: I need this dress and this suit dry cleaned as soon as possible!W: OK, I can have it ready by the end of the week.M: No, you dont understand, I need this tomorrow morning! I accidentally spilled beer all over
17、 my wifes dress and we have a wedding to attend tomorrow! Shes gonna kill me!W: Ok, I can have it ready tomorrow afternoon, but this suit is also very dirty. I cant guarantee we can remove it completely.M: Fine! Can you also iron this shirt?W: CertainlyM: Great! This is our secret! If you see my wif
18、e, say nothing to her about this!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14. What gives the man a fresh start?A. Getting a new job.B. Moving to a new city.C. Making some new friends.15. Why does the man want to change his eating habit?A. Because he doesnt like junk food anymore.B. Because he has found it
19、 unhealthy.C. Because he wants to lose weight.16. What is the womans attitude towards the mans dieting plan?A. Supportive.B. Ambiguous.C. Neutral.17. How are the man going to develop an eco-friendly lifestyle?A. By throwing less trash.B. By recycling more.C. By living a simple life.【答案】14. A 15. B 1
20、6. A 17. B【解析】【原文】M: Now that its the new year, Ive decided to turn over a new leaf.W: You finally decided to give yourself a fresh start?M: You got it! The start date for my new job is on January 10th. This is a perfect opportunity to make some small changes in the way I live my life.W: So what are
21、 you going to do?M: Well, first of all, Ive decided to go on a diet. Im going to cut out all that junk food I eat. They can really have a negative impact on my overall health. Its time to completely transform my eating habits.W: Im with you on that one. Eating too much junk food can lead to an incre
22、ased risk of getting overweight. Are you planning on developing any good habit?M: Oh yes,I plan to do more recycling in my household and be more aware of the trash in my area. Just trying to live as eco-friendly as possible.W: Its about time!听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18. Why does the woman pa
23、rticipate in volunteering work?A. Because she can give back to her community.B. Because she can make herself useful.C. Because she can get some rewards.19. When did the woman start her volunteering work?A. During her working life.B. After college graduation.C. In the second year of college.20. What
24、was the womans first volunteering work?A. She helped women in rural communities.B. She helped homeless children.C. She taught a student English grammar.【答案】18. B 19. C 20. C【解析】【原文】W: Some people say that its citizens duty to “give back” to your community. Thats true but for me,I want to do some vol
25、unteer work so that I can feel useful. After graduating from college, Ive been working at the same job for years and its not at all rewarding. Yes, I make good money, but I never feel like Im doing any good in the world. When I entered college, I had dreams of changing the world. I wanted to work in
26、 a non-profit organization that helped women in rural communities, or that had an impact on public policy. Ive begun to think again about those dreams and thought I might take the first step of doing some volunteering. So, in the second year of college, I called an organization that helped homeless
27、children. I told them about my education and experience, and they said they could use someone like me to do some tutoring. I filled out an application and was fingerprinted for a background check. A few weeks later,I met my student and I tutored her with English grammar for the first time. What a gr
28、eat experience! I wish I had done earlier!第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWrite a one-page report titled “The Best Book I Read This Year” and enter it in the Boys Life 2020 “Say Yes to Reading!” contest.The book can be fiction or nonfiction. But the repo
29、rt has to be in your own words 500words tops. Enter in one of these three age categories:l8 years old and youngerl9 and 10 years oldl11 years old and olderFirst-place winners in each age category will receive a $100 gift card from A. Second-place winners will receive a $75 gift card; third-place win
30、ners, a $50 gift card.Everyone who enters will get a free patch like the one on this page. The patch is a temporary sign, so it can be worn on the right pocket of the Scout uniform shirt. Proudly display it there or on another item such as a vest, plaque or trophy! In coming years, youll have the op
31、portunity to earn other patches.The contest is open to all Boys Life readers. Be sure to include your name, address, age and grade in school on the entry.Send your report, along with a business-size, self-addressed, stamped envelope, to:Boys Life Reading ContestS306P.O. Box 152079Irving, TX 75015-20
32、79Entries must be postmarked by Dec. 31, 2020 and must include entry information and a self-addressed, stamped envelope.21. Who are the contest intended for?A. All school students.B. Only teenagers.C. Boys Life readers.D. Boy students.22. What is a winner supposed to do for the contest?A. Writing a
33、report of over 500 words.B. Sending their entries by 12-31-2020.C. Wearing a special patch.D. Sending some stamps.23. Which of the following will sponsor the prizes for winners?A. Boys life club.B. A famous publisher.C. A high school.D. An online bookstore.【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个
34、名为“The Best Book I Read This Year”的写作竞赛。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“The contest is open to all Boys Life readers(比赛面向所有男孩生活的读者开放)”可知，该比赛面向所有男孩生活读者。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“500 words tops(最多 500 字)”排除A选项；根据最后一段“Entries must be postmarked by Dec. 31, 2020(参赛作品需在 2020年12月31日之前寄出)”可知，选项B与文意一致，所以为正确答案；第四段中“Ever
35、yone who enters will get a free patch like the one on this page.(每个参赛者都会得到一个免费徽章，就像这个页面上的那样的)”可知，参赛者能免费获得徽章，并不是参赛要求，排除C选项；选项D文章未提及。故选B。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“First-place winners in each age category will receive a $100 gift card from A.(每个年龄组的第一名优胜者将获得一张来着亚马逊网站的100美元的礼品卡)”可知，奖品赞助商为亚马逊网。故选D。BRay Kurzwe
36、il is an inventor and futurist with some interesting ideas on how humans will soon be able to live much longer than the average 78 years they do now. If Kurzweil is right, this is a question well have to ask ourselves in the near future.The first challenge is how to stop our bodies from getting old
37、and dying. Kurzweil doesnt see this as a problem. With gene technology well soon be able to “turn off” genes that cause ageing and disease. This technology is getting cheaper and advancing at an incredible rate. Kurzweil believes that from every year after 2023, well be adding more than a year to th
38、e average life expectancy. He also expects that within the next 20 years, we will have nanobots in our blood. These tiny robots will automatically keep our bodies healthy and free from diseases by finding damaged cells and destroying them.Of course, if were all going to live longer, then there are g
39、oing to be more of us on this already overcrowded Earth. Many people think there are likely to be problems with resources such as food and energy. Kurzweil doesnt agree. He says that the same technologies used to increase our life expectancy will also be used to help with food production and energy
40、needs. For example, he says, sunlight can potentially give us 10,000 times more energy than we currently use. We just need to develop the technology to capture it and make it cheaper. There are also new technologies that can recycle water extremely cheaply. This means that dirty water can be made cl
41、ean again at a very low cost. When you consider that 80% of disease in the developing world is because of dirty water, you can see how this technology might help change the world.But what are we going to do with all this extra time? Wont we all get bored? Again Kurzweil says no. For a start, we wont
42、 be stuck in old bodies. Well stay young for years. This will mean well be able to experiment with many more things than we can now. Well also see huge developments in virtual reality technology that will keep us entertained for years.The future according to Ray Kurzweil looks good and we might just
43、 be around to see it.24. What does Ray Kurzweil think of human beings future?A. Encouraging.B. Shocking.C. Discouraging.D. Uncertain.25. How many challenges are mentioned regarding the much longer life expectancy?A. 2.B. 4.C. 3.D. 5.26. Which technology is likely to help people live longer?A. Electr
44、onic technology.B. Mining technology.C. Farming technology.D. Gene technology and nanotechnology.27. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Medical advancesB. Fun in the futureC. Who wants to live forever?D. Solutions to the Earths problems【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. C【解析】这是一篇说明文
45、。文章介绍了 Ray Kurzweil 有关人类寿命延长的观点，探讨人类寿命延长后可能面临的种种问题及对策。【24题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段“The future according to Ray Kurzweil looks good and we might just be around to see it.”（Ray Kurzweil认为，未来看起来不错我们可能会看到它。）可知Ray Kurzweil对未来持积极态度，故选A项。【25题详解】细节理解题。通读全文，文章为典型的总分总结构，第二、三、四自然段分别论述了一种人类寿命延长后可能会面临的挑战。如：第二段中“The
46、first challenge is how to stop our bodies from getting old and dying.”（第一个挑战是如何阻止我们的身体变老和死亡。）明确提出第一个挑战；第三段中“Of course, if were all going to live longer, then there are going to be more of us on this already overcrowded Earth.”（当然，如果我们都想活得更长，那么在这个已经拥挤不堪的地球上就会有更多的人。）提出人口过多的挑战；第四段中“But what are we goin
47、g to do with all this extra time?”（ 但是我们要怎么利用这些额外的时间呢？）提出的额外时间的挑战。可知，文章关于更长的预期寿命，提到了3种挑战。故选 C项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“With gene technology well soon be able to turn off genes that cause ageing and disease.”（有了基因技术，我们很快就能“关闭”导致衰老和疾病的基因。）和“He also expects that within the next 20 years, we will have nanob
48、ots in our blood. These tiny robots will automatically keep our bodies healthy and free from diseases by finding damaged cells and destroying them。”（他还预计，在未来20年内，我们的血液中将出现纳米机器人。这些微小的机器人将自动保持我们的身体健康和免于疾病的发现损坏的细胞和破坏他们。）可以推知，可能会帮助人类延长寿命的科技为：基因技术与纳米技术，故选 D项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Ray Kurzweil is an inv
49、entor and futurist with some interesting ideas on how humans will soon be able to live much longer than the average 78 years they do now. If Kurzweil is right, this is a question well have to ask ourselves in the near future.”（Ray Kurzweil是一位发明家和未来学家，他对人类如何很快能够比现在的平均78岁活得更长有一些有趣的想法。如果Kurzweil是对的，那么在
50、不久的将来，我们将不得不问问自己这个问题。）以及后文所探讨的内容可知，本文介绍了 Ray Kurzweil 有关人类寿命延长的观点，探讨人类寿命延长后可能面临的种种问题及对策。C 项“谁想长寿？”以设问的形式紧贴文章主题，简明扼要，引发思考，适合做标题。故选 C项。CRestaurants schools, dentist offices are all keeping more windows open, to increase ventilation and hopefully, to decrease the chances of encountering the coronavirus
51、. But letting in fresh air also lets in more noise.Now, researchers have come up with a device thats like noise-cancelling headphones but for a building.“It works on the same principle, so it detects noise thats coming into the windows, and then is cancelling the noise.” says Bhan Lam, an acoustical
52、 engineer at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. The device looks like a grid of small speakers, and fits over an open window.A microphone samples incoming noise, then sends the speaker grid instructions on what sort of “anti-noise” to emit. The result is to cancel out the incoming sound.
53、For example, heres the sound of a commuter train in Singapore, with no noise control. (Before Control SFX) Now, heres that same train sound, with the array of noise-cancelling speakers turned on. (After Control SFX)Compare that to a closed window (Window Closed SFX). The anti-noise device is almost
54、as good, and allows air to keep flowing into and out of the window. The details are in the journal Scientific Reports. The device is just a prototype (样机) so its still expensive.And it doesnt block out all sounds. It masks sound at frequencies from 300 to 1000 Hz which includes the rumble of freeway
55、s, trains and planes. But even that could come in handy in a place like Singapore. “Give me a second, theres a plane flying past.” Bhan says Singapore already has a lot of green buildings that use natural ventilation. “But the downside is, when you have lots of openings in the buildings, the noise c
56、omes in, so you need some way to manage the increasing noise.”A grid of window speakers could do the trick especially if people prioritize peace and quiet over a good view, which folks at home tend to do all night.28. How does the device cancel incoming noises?A. By increasing ventilation.B. By abso
57、rbing the noises.C. By helping close windows.D. By giving out certain noises.29. What is the disadvantage of Control SFX?A. Its too complicated.B. Its not profitable.C. It spoils the view.D. Its not safe.30. Why does Bhan advocate the device despite its limitations?A. For its potential commercial pr
58、ofits.B. For better transportation in Singapore.C. For increasing numbers of naturally-ventilated buildings.D. For a more attractive building appearance.31. Which word best describes the authors attitude to Control SFX?A. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. Critical.D. Conservative.【答案】28. D 29. C 30. C 31. B
59、【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发明了一种类似抗噪耳机的装置-但是是用于建筑物。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A microphone samples incoming noise, then sends the speaker grid instructions on what sort of “anti-noise” to emit.(麦克风对传入的噪声进行采样，然后向扬声器网格发送指令，指示发出什么样的“抗噪声”)”可知，设备通过发出一定的噪音来消除传入的噪音。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A grid of window speakers
60、 could do the trick especially if people prioritize peace and quiet over a good view, which folks at home tend to do all night.(窗户上的格子音箱就可以达到这个效果尤其是当人们把安静和安宁放在一个好的风景之上时，而在家的人往往整夜都在这样做)”可推知，该设备虽能消除噪音但同时也会影响建筑的美观。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Bhan says Singapore already has a lot of green buildings that
61、use natural ventilation. “But the downside is, when you have lots of openings in the buildings, the noise comes in, so you need some way to manage the increasing noise.”(Bhan说，新加坡已经有很多采用自然通风的绿色建筑。“但缺点是，当建筑物有很多开口时，噪音就会进来，所以你需要一些方法来控制不断增加的噪音。”)可推断，尽管有局限性，但为了增加自然通风建筑的数量，Bhan还是主张使用这种装置。故选C。【31题详解】推理判断题。
62、结合全文，首段提到人们给房间增加更多窗户，为了增加通风，增加新鲜空气的同时，也让房间多了噪音。第二段描述了研究人员发明了一种类似抗噪耳机的装置，随后文章中，作者客观介绍了该设备的用途、使用方法以及其优缺点。故选B。DDont you wish those long summer days could last forever? An island in northern Norway is campaigning to do just that.Sommary meaning “Summer Island” wants to swap its watches for flower garlan
63、ds and declare itself the worlds first time-free zone.On this island in West Troms, north of the Arctic Circle, the sun doesnt set from May 18 right through to July 26, a full 69 days.The locals, having endured the long polar night from November to January, when the sun doesnt rise at all, make the
64、most of these precious months, with no regard to conventional timekeeping.“Theres constantly daylight, and we act accordingly,” says islander Kjell Ove Hveding in a statement. “In the middle of the night, which city folk might call 2 a.m., you can spot children playing soccer, people painting their
65、houses or mowing their lawns, and teens going for a swim.”Now they want to make it official. Islanders gathered at a town hall meeting to sign a petition for a time-free zone and on June 13, Hveding met with a Norwegian member of parliament to hand over the locals signatures and to discuss the pract
66、ical and legal challenges of the initiative.“To many of us, getting this in writing would simply mean formalizing something we have been practicing for generations,” he says.Islanders hope to be free of traditional opening hours and to introduce flexibility in school and working hours. Fishing and t
67、ourism are the main industries on this island with a population of little more than 300 people.Hveding says local fishermen and women often spend days on the ocean pursuing their catch, with little regard to timetable.Its clear they mean business. When visitors cross the bridge to the island from th
68、e mainland, they arent greeted with padlocks (symbolizing love locks) like on similar bridges worldwide. The bridge is covered with watches, as people prepare for entry to the land time forgot.Will the islanders succeed in their efforts? Its already paying off in a publicity boost, which could well
69、be the primary aim of the campaign.32 What is special about Sommary?A. Its summer all year around.B. No clocks can be found there.C. Its within Arctic Circle.D. Its too cold to be inhabited by human being.33. Why do the islanders want to be free of conventional timekeeping?A. They are afraid of nigh
70、t.B. They want to have more flexible schedules.C. They want to catch more fish.D. They need more time.34. What does the underlined word “petition” in paragraph 6 mean?A. A formal request.B. A cheque.C. A contract.D. An official document.35. Why is the bridge to the island covered with watches?A. To
71、symbolize love.B. To protest against the government.C. To remind tourists of entering a time-free zone.D. To keep tradition.【答案】32. C 33. B 34. A 35. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了世界上第一个无时间区域：挪威北部的一个岛屿Sommary。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据题干定位文章第三段，“On this island in West Troms, north of the Arctic Circle, the sun doesnt set
72、 from May 18 right through to July 26, a full 69 days.”，（在北极圈以北的西特罗姆瑟岛上，太阳从5月18日一直持续到7月26日，整整69天。）可知，该岛位于北极圈北方，意味着该岛位于北极圈以内，选项C 与文意一致。故选C。2.细节理解题。根据题干定位文章倒数第四段，“Islanders hope to be free of traditional opening hours and to introduce flexibility in school and working hours.”，（岛民希望不受传统的开放时间限制，并在学校和工作时
73、间方面实行灵活性。）可知，岛民想要有更灵活的安排。故选 B。3.词义猜测题。结合本段的主要内容“Now they want to make it official. ”（现在他们想让它正式。）可知，为使不受传统时间控制的想法得到官方认可，将岛屿变成一个“无时区”，岛民签署了 a petition，并由 Hveding 将这份有岛民签名的 petition 上交至议会。据此推断，A 选项符合，a formal request，一份正式的请求书；B. a cheque，一张支票，不合文意；C. a contract，一份合约，不符合；D. an official document，一份官方文件，而
74、 petition 是由普通岛民提交至议会的，不能被称为“官方文件”。故选 A。4.推理判断题。根据题干定位文章倒数第二段，“The bridge is covered with watches, as people prepare for entry to the land time forgot.”，（桥上挂满了手表，人们准备进入被时间遗忘的地方）由此可以推断，桥上挂满钟表意在提醒游客将进入一个没有时间的地方，故选 C。第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Our Amazing HandsThe ha
75、nd is where the mind meets the world. We use our hands to build fires, to fly airplanes, and to write. The human brain, with its open-ended creativity, may be the thing that makes the human race unique. But without hands, all the ideas we think up would come to nothing._36_ Study it carefully, you w
76、ill find something interesting. The thumb (拇指) alone is controlled by nine separate muscles. The wrist is a group of bones and muscles connected with nerves (神经). The nerves send branches into each fingertip, which makes the fingers extremely flexible. _37_Early hands seemed more unusual and interes
77、ting than any hand today. Some animals had seven fingers. Others had eight. But by the time vertebrates (脊椎动物) appeared 340 million years ago, the hand had developed to only five fingers. _38_Nevertheless, there are still many different types of hands in living animals. After years of research, scie
78、ntists are beginning to understand the molecular (分子的) changes in hands. _39_ This makes the hands of different animals very similar. There is a network of many genes (基因) that builds a hand, and all hands are built on that network.The discovery has given scientists a deeper understanding of the dev
79、elopment of hands. A birds wing and a lions paw (爪) may appear to have nothing in common. _40_ It may just be a little more of one protein (蛋白) here, a little less of another there. In the past, scientists could recognize only the outward signs that hands had developed from a common ancestor. Today
80、scientists are uncovering the inward signs as well.A. Hands can often be used for a number of different purposes.B. They also see that all hands start out in much the same way.C. It has kept that number for reasons scientists dont yet know.D. No one would doubt that the five fingers are different wi
81、th each other.E. But the difference between them may come down to a tiny change in form.F. The reason we can use our hands for so many things is their special structure.G. So you can see a skilled watchmaker use his hands to set springs in place under a microscope.【答案】36. F 37. G 38. C 39. B 40. E【解
82、析】本文是说明文。文章通过了分析科学家的研究介绍了我们神奇的手。手是心灵与世界相遇的地方。我们用手生火，飞飞机，写字。没有手，我们所想到的所有想法都将一事无成。【36题详解】上文“We use our hands to build fires, to fly airplanes, and to write.”说明我们用手生火，开飞机，和写字，空格处承上启下，下文“The thumb (拇指) alone is controlled by nine separate muscles. The wrist is a group of bones and muscles connected with
83、 nerves (神经). The nerves send branches into each fingertip, which makes the fingers extremely flexible.(单是拇指就由九个独立的肌肉控制。手腕是一组用神经相连的骨骼和肌肉。这些神经向每个指尖发送分支，这使得手指非常灵活)”说明手的结构，F项前半句的“we can use our hands for so many things”与上文一致，their special structure与下文一致，故选F。【37题详解】上文“The thumb (拇指) alone is controlled
84、by nine separate muscles. The wrist is a group of bones and muscles connected with nerves (神经). The nerves send branches into each fingertip, which makes the fingers extremely flexible.(单是拇指就由九个独立的肌肉控制。手腕是一组用神经相连的骨骼和肌肉。这些神经向每个指尖发送分支，这使得手指非常灵活)”说明手的灵活，与空格处是因果关系，因此你可以看到一个熟练的钟表匠用他的手在显微镜下放置弹簧。故选G。【38题详解
85、】上文“Some animals had seven fingers. Others had eight. But by the time vertebrates (脊椎动物) appeared 340 million years ago, the hand had developed to only five fingers.(有些动物有七个手指。其他的有八个。但到脊椎动物3.4亿年前出现时，手只发展到五个手指)”说明手指的个数，C项中的“that number”与上文一致，说明手指保持这个数的理由科学家不知道。故选C。【39题详解】上文“After years of research, s
86、cientists are beginning to understand the molecular (分子的) changes in hands.(经过多年的研究，科学家们开始了解手的分子变化)”说明了科学家的研究， B项中的also是关键词，与上文是递进关系，they指代scientists，说明“科学家也看到所有的手都以完全一样的方式开始”，符合题意，引出下文“这使得不同动物的手非常相似”，“much the same”与“similar”意思一致。故选B。【40题详解】上文“A birds wing and a lions paw (爪) may appear to have not
87、hing in common.”说明鸟的翅膀和狮子的爪子似乎没有共同之处，E项中“But”说明与下文的转折关系，have nothing in common与the difference是转折关系，E项“但它们之间的差异可能归结为形式上的微小变化”符合题意。故选E。第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Bob was set to visit his wife Nancy in her nursing home for their wedding a
88、nniversary on March 14, but when the home banned visitors due to coronavirus, Bob had to get_41_.Bob, 90, and Nancy, 88, have been _42_ for 67 years. The two met when Nancy worked at a small dairy shop and Bob would _43_ while he waited for the bus to go to work at his job after World War II. The _4
89、4_ has four children, nine grandchildren and two great-grandchildren with one on the_45_.After being diagnosed with dementia(痴呆症), Nancy moved into a(an) _46_ home in December. Bob has a caretaker or family friend _47_ him to visit her almost every day.“I just miss her _48_ shes in the nursing home,
90、” Bob said.On March 9, the nursing home_49_ that it would stop accepting visitors due to coronavirus _50_. Bobs youngest daughter, Laura, 51, _51_ her dad to tell him the news. Bob and Nancys _52_ was that Saturday.“He asked me, How am I going to get in there?” Laura said. “I told him he couldnt get
91、 in, _53_ maybe they could wheel her up to the _54_ and we could stand with balloons outside so she can see us.”Bob, who used to work in graphic arts as his profession, decided to _55_ his wife a sign she could read through the window. He went and bought _56_ and spent days crafting the sign on his
92、kitchen table. He cut a heart out of red felt(毡) and lined the edges with glitter. In the middle he wrote, “Ive loved you 67 years and I still_57_ . Happy Anniversary.”“He was so _58_ of the sign,” Laura said. “He kept asking, Do you think shell be able to read it? He was thrilled.”Laura drove her f
93、ather to the nursing home on their anniversary, where the staff was _59_ his arrival. When he was all set up with his sign, they brought Nancy to her window to see him.“I just wanted her to know for sure that I hadnt forgotten,” Bob said. “This year she may have forgotten our anniversary, but Id hop
94、ed it would _60_ her.”When Nancy saw Bob she got a big smile on her face and began waving and blowing kisses.41. A. creativeB. braveC. energeticD. bored42. A. engagedB. marriedC. troubledD. separated43. A. visitB. disturbC. workD. avoid44. A. familyB. husbandC. coupleD. plan45. A. groundB. airC. way
95、D. mind46. A. waitingB. readingC. operatingD. nursing47. A. takeB. replaceC. challengeD. carry48. A. in caseB. now thatC. even ifD. as if49. A. discussedB. arguedC. announcedD. threatened50. A. concernsB. rumorsC. newsD. death51. A. requestedB. calledC. beggedD. fooled52. A. weddingB. appointmentC.
96、anniversaryD. divorce53. A. butB. andC. orD. otherwise54. A. kitchenB. windowC. towerD. mountain55. A. buyB. orderC. makeD. leave56. A. suppliesB. flowersC. balloonsD. chocolate57. A. rememberB. doC. needD. wonder58. A. ashamedB. afraidC. tiredD. proud59. A. stoppingB. expectingC. imaginingD. descri
97、bing60. A. remindB. recoverC. remainD. resist【答案】41. A 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. C 46. D 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. A 51. B 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. C 56. A 57. B 58. D 59. B 60. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一对结婚67年的夫妇，妻子因为痴呆症住进了疗养院。由于冠状病毒的原因，疗养院禁止探望。丈夫为了在结婚纪念日见到妻子，在纪念日当天。手工制作结婚纪念日快乐的牌子，同女儿来到了妻子房间的窗外，见到了怀念的妻子的故事。【详解】1.考
98、查形容词词义辨析。句意：3月14日，鲍勃准备去疗养院探望他的妻子南希，庆祝他们的结婚纪念日，但当疗养院因冠状病毒而禁止访客时，鲍勃不得不变得有创意。A.creative创造性的； B.brave 勇敢的；Cenergetic精力充沛的； D.bored无聊的。根据后文中“we could stand with balloons outside so she can see us.”可知，我们带着气球站在外面这样她就能看见我们，所以这次探望是极具有创造性。故选A。2.考查动词词义辨析。句意：鲍勃90岁，南希88岁，结婚67年了。A.engaged 订婚；B.married结婚； C.troubl
99、ed 使忧虑；D.separated分开。根据上文“Bob was set to visit his wife Nancy ”可知，此处指鲍勃和南希结婚67年了。故选B。3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：二战后，他们相遇了。当时南希在一家小乳品店工作，鲍勃在等公交车去上班的时候会在她的店里逗留。A.visit 拜访；B.disturb打扰； C.work 工作；D.avoid避免。根据下文中“while he waited for the bus to go to work at his job ”可知，此处指鲍勃在等待公交上上班的时候，鲍勃会在南希的店里逗留。选项A符合题意。故选A。4.考查名词词
100、义辨析。句意：这对夫妇有四个孩子，九个孙子，两个重孙，还有一个即将出生。A.family家庭； B.husband丈夫； C.couple夫妇； D.plan计划。根据上文“Bob, 90, and Nancy, 88, have been 2 for 67 years. ”可知，此处指鲍勃和南希这对夫妇。故选C。5考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.ground 地面；B.air空气； C.way路上； D.mind思想。短语 on the way“即将到来”，根据句意及预警，可知此处表示还有一位曾孙即将出生。故选C。6.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在被诊断出患有痴呆症之后，南希在12月搬进了一家疗
101、养院。A.waiting 等待；B.reading 阅读；C.operating手术； D.nursing护理，看护。根据上文中“his wife Nancy in her nursing home ”可知，此处指南希住进了疗养院。nursing home意为“疗养院”，选项D与文意相符。故选D。7.考查动词词义辨析。句意：Bob 几乎每天都有个看护人，或者家里的朋友带他去看她。A.take带领； B.replace代替； C.challenge挑战； D.carry搬动。根据下文“ him to visit her almost every day.”，可知此处指鲍勃被带着去看南希。短语ta
102、ke sb to，带某人前往.，故选A。8.考查连词词义辨析。句意：鲍勃说：“我只是想念她，因为她现在在疗养院。” A.in case以防； B.now that 因为；C.even if即使； D.as if好像。结合上文“Nancy moved into a(an) 6 home in December. ”可知，此处表示因为南希在疗养院。故选B。9考查动词词义辨析。句意：3月9日，养老院宣布，出于对冠状病毒的担忧，将停止接待访客。A.discussed讨论； B.argued争论； C.announced宣布； D.threatened威胁。结合上文“the home banned vi
103、sitors ”及下文“it would stop accepting visitors”可知，此处指疗养院宣布停止接待访客。故选C。10.考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.concerns 担心；B.rumors谣言； C.news 新闻；D.death死亡。结合上文“due to coronavirus ”可知，此处指疗养院出于对冠状病毒的担心。故选A。11.考查动词词义辨析。句意：鲍勃 最小的女儿 劳拉， 51岁，打电话给她爸爸告诉他这个消息。A.requested要求； B.called 打电话；C.begged 祈求；D.fooled欺骗；愚弄。根据下文“her dad to tell
104、 him the news”结合选项可知，劳拉是通过打电话告诉她父亲。故选B。12.考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲍勃 和 南希的周年纪念日是在那个星期六。A.wedding婚礼； B.appointment约会，预约； C.anniversary周年纪念日； D.divorce离婚。根据下文中“Happy Anniversary.”可知，此处指他们的结婚纪念日就是在那周的周六。故选C。13.考查连词词义辨析。句意：我告诉他他进不去，但也许他们可以把她推到窗口，我们可以拿着气球站在外面，这样她就能看到我们了。”A.but但是； B.and并且； C.or 或者；D.otherwise否则。根据上文“
105、I told him he couldnt get in”及下文“maybe they could wheel her up the 14 and we could stand with balloons outside so she can see us. ”上文提到他不能进入，下文提到我们站在外面这样她就能看见我们，可知，上下文之间构成了转折关系。故选A。14.考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.kitchen 厨房；B.window窗户； C.tower塔； D.mountain山。根据下文“ she could read through the window. ”可知，此处指用轮椅推她到窗
106、边。故选B。15.考查动词词义辨析。句意：鲍勃 曾经以绘画为职业，他决定给他妻子做一个牌子，让她可以透过窗户看东西。A.buy 买；B.order命令； C.make制作； D.leave离开。根据下文“spent days crafting the sign on his kitchen table.”，可知，此处指鲍勃决定给他妻子制作一个牌子。故选C。16.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他去买了必需品，花了好几天时间在厨房桌子上做牌子。A.supplies必需品； B.flowers花； C.balloons气球； D.chocolate巧克力。根据下文“He cut a heart out o
107、f red felt(毡) and lined the edges with glitter”可知 Bob 需要买多种工具来制作这个牌子，故选A。17.考查动词词义辨析。句意：中间他写道“我爱你67年了，现在依然如此，结婚纪念日快乐”A.remember记得； B.do做； C.need需要； D.wonder想知道。根据上文“Ive loved you 67 years and I still”可知，我爱了你67年，现在仍然爱你。此处用do来表示爱。故选B。18.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他为这个牌子感到骄傲。A.ashamed惭愧的； B.afraid 害怕的；C.tired累的； D.p
108、roud骄傲的；自豪的。根据下文“Do you think shell be able to read it? He was thrilled.”，可知，他是激动的。所以此处用proud和下文的thrilled构成呼应，故选D。19.考查动词词义辨析。句意：劳拉在他们的结婚纪念日开车送她父亲去疗养院，那里的工作人员正等着他的到来。A.stopping停止； B.expecting 期待；C.imagining 想象；D.describing描述。根据下文“When he was all set up with his sign, they brought Nancy to her window
109、 to see him.”可知，工作人员期待着他们的到来。故选B。20.考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年她可能忘了我们的结婚纪念日，但我希望这能提醒她。A.remind 提醒；B.recover恢复； C.remain 保持；D.resist抵抗。根据上文“she may have forgotten our anniversary, ”可知，此处指我希望这个能提醒她记起来。故选A。第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China now ranks first in four major areas of scienti
110、fic research in terms of academic activity and influence one _61_than last year, according to the report “Research Fronts 2020”.The report is published by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutes of Science and Development and US-based Clarivate Analytics.The 2020 report _62_ (identify) 148 fronti
111、er research topics, including 110 prominent and 38 emerging subjects, _63_ are divided into 11 broad research categories, _64_clinical medicine to social sciences.The list is compiled by analyzing data of highly _65_ (influence) and often-cited papers published from 2014 to 2019.This year, China lea
112、ds the world in four major research categories: agricultural, plant and animal sciences; chemistry and materials science; mathematics and information science.China also ranks second in ecology and environmental sciences; physics; social sciences including _66_(economic) and psychology._67_, China is
113、 notably behind other scientific powerhouses in clinical medicine and astronomy and astrophysics, _68_ (rank) at 12th and 8th, respectively.In terms of overall national performance in these research fronts, the US _69_ (top) the world for the fourth straight year, followed by China, the United Kingd
114、om, Germany and France.Of the top five countries, China is the only one that is making_70_(notice) progress in catching up with the leader, the report shows.【答案】61. more 62. identifies 63. which 64. from 65. influential 66. economics 67. However/ Nevertheless 68. ranking 69. tops 70. noticeable【解析】本
115、文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了由中国科学院科学与发展研究所和美国科睿唯安联合发布的研究前沿2020报告。【61题详解】考查比较级。句意：研究前沿2020报告称，就学术活动和影响力而言，中国目前在四大科学研究领域排名第一，比去年多了一个。根据空后than可知，这里出现二者之间的对比关系，意在表达“与去年相比新增了一个领域”，应使用比较级。故填more。【62题详解】考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：2020年的报告确定了148个前沿研究课题，包括110个突出学科和38个新兴学科，它们被分为从临床医学到社会科学的11大研究类别。此处充当谓语，根据整篇文章时态可知，应使用一般现在时，主语The 202
116、0 report是单数概念。故填identifies。【63题详解】考查定语从句。句意同上。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是148 frontier research topics，指物，在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。【64题详解】考查介词。句意同上。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语：from.to.“从到”。故填from。【65题详解】考查形容词。句意：该榜单是通过分析2014年至2019年发表的极具影响力和经常被引用的论文数据而编制的。此处与形容词often-cited并列，修饰papers，作定语，应使用形容词。故填influential。【66题详解】考查名
117、词。句意：中国生态环境科学排名第二；物理；社会科学，包括经济学和心理学。此处与名词psychology并列，做including的宾语，应使用名词economics“经济学”。故填economics。【67题详解】考查副词。句意：然而，中国在临床医学、天文学和天体物理学方面明显落后于其他科学强国，分别排在第12位和第8位。根据句意可知，此处与上文内容形成转折关系，意为“然而”，应使用副词however或nevertheless。故填However或Nevertheless。【68题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。rank与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词，做状语。故填ranking。【69题
118、详解】考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：就国家在这些研究领域的整体表现而言，美国连续第四年位居世界第一，其次是中国、英国、德国和法国。此处作谓语成分，句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语the US是单数概念。故填tops。【70题详解】考查形容词。句意：报告显示，在排名前五的国家中，中国是唯一一个在追赶领先国家方面取得显著进步的国家。此处修饰名词progress，作定语，应使用形容词。故填noticeable。第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)71. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10
119、处语言错误，每 句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Last Sunday, I visited my grandparents in the country. They live on a big farm, where there are lots of animals, fruit trees and freshly vegetabl
120、es. When I was staying at there, the apples in their orchard was in season, and we went picking. Some of the neighbour also came. They helped us picked the apples, which was so much fun. Then in the end of the day, my grandma cooked a big meal, we sat around, eating and talking. Towards evening, I b
121、ecame a bit boring because they didnt have a TV set. And I really miss my friends of the city. I think the country is certain good for a visit, but it is too quiet for me!【答案】freshlyfresh删除 staying 之后的 atwaswereneighbourneighbourspickedpickinatwe 前加 andboringboredmissmissedcertaincertainly【解析】【分析】这是
122、一篇记叙文。讲述了上周日，作者在奶奶家的一天。【详解】1.考查形容词。句意：他们住在一个大农场里，那里有很多动物，果树和新鲜蔬菜。修饰名词要用形容词。本句中vegetables为名词, 因此应将其前的副词 freshly 改为形容词fresh。故freshly改为fresh。2.考查介词。句意：我住在那里的时候，他们果园里的苹果正当季，我们就去摘了苹果。本句中there为地点副词，前面无需介词。故删除staying 之后的 at。3.考查主谓一致。句意同上。该句主语为 the apples, 复数含义，因此谓语动词应为 were。故was为were。4.考查名词复数。句意：我的一些邻居也来了。
123、some of+可数名词的复数形式，故neighbour 改为neighbours。5.考查非谓语动词。句意：他们帮我们摘苹果，很有意思。help sb do sth.为固定搭配，故picked 改为 pick。6.考查介词。句意：然后在一天结束的时候，我奶奶做了一顿大餐，我们坐在一起，一边吃一边聊天。at the end of the day,意为“在一天结束时”，所以in改为at。故in改为at。7.考查连词。句意同上。我的奶奶做了一顿大餐，我们坐在一起。两句为并列句，所以需要加入连词 and。故we之前加上and。8.考查形容词。句意：快到晚上的时候，我变得有点无聊，因为他们没有电视。分
124、析句子可知，此处形容词作表语描述主语的状态，意为“感到无趣的”，boring意为“无聊的”，用来表述事物的性质；bored意为“感到无聊的”，描述主语的状态。所以boring改为 bored。故boring改为 bored。9.考查时态。句意：我真的很怀念城市里的朋友。此句由 and 连接，表明与前句并列，因此时态应保持一致，采用一般过去时，故miss 改为 missed。10.考查副词。句意：我觉得乡村很适合旅游，但对我来说太安静了！修饰形容词要用副词，本句中good前的形容词certain要改为副词certainly。故 certain 改为 certainly。第二节 书面表达(满分25
125、分)72. 一个国际青少年社区 Break the Divide 网站在国际贫困日征集减少贫困的文章，请你根据下面图表写一篇中国扶贫成就的报告。内容包括:1. 取得的成绩； 2. 成功脱贫的原因。注意:1. 词数100左右；2. 短文题目和首句已为你写好。A Miracle in ChinaChina, as a responsible major country, has been steadily marching towards its goal of ending extreme poverty. _【答案】A Miracle in ChinaChina, as a responsib
126、le major country, has been steadily marching towards its goal of ending extreme poverty.As is shown in the chart, the Chinese population in poverty has been decreasing since 2012. Up to 2018, it has dropped significantly to 16.60 million from 98.99 million. This downward trend will remain. China is
127、expected to lift over 10 million people out of poverty by the end of 2019. Hopefully, China will shake off poverty by 2020.The battle against poverty is tough and the victory couldnt be realized without the concerted efforts of the whole nation. The Communist Party of China and the central governmen
128、t have introduced a series of policies to direct the poverty relief project. Aside from this, a large number of people from all walks of life have been voluntarily engaged in this project to contribute their share, such as the teachers that are devoted to the education in rural regions and the colle
129、ge students that actively participate in the development of the poor areas with their knowledge.All in all, it is all Chinese nationals that create the miracle in China. This is the power of solidarity!【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生根据图表逻辑清晰地陈述中国脱贫事业所取得的成绩及分析成功脱贫背后的原因。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和现在完
130、成时,少量一般将来时。要求：1. 根据图表陈述中国脱贫事业所取得的成绩；2. 分析中国脱贫成功背后的原因。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）as is shown in the chart; be expected to; shake off; aside from; from all walks of life; be engaged in; be devoted to; participate in; all in all. 第三步：连词成句1. As is shown in the chart, the Chinese population in poverty has been decrea
131、sing since 2012.2. China is expected to lift over 10 million people out of poverty by the end of 2019.3. The battle against poverty is tough and the victory couldnt be realized without the concerted efforts of the whole nation.4. Aside from this, a large number of people from all walks of life have
132、been voluntarily engaged in this project to contribute their share, such as the teachers that are devoted to the education in rural regions and the college students that actively participate in the development of the poor areas with their knowledge.5. All in all, it is all Chinese nationals that cre
133、ate the miracle in China.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1. 表文章结构顺序：First of all; Firstly/First; Secondly/Second And then; Finally; In the end; At last.（供参考）2. 表转折对比关系：However; On the contrary; but; Although + clause (从句); In spite of + n / doing; On the one hand, On the other hand; Some,
134、 while others; as for; sothat.（供参考）连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【点睛】高分句型1 Aside from this, a large number of people from all walks of life have been voluntarily engaged in this project to contribute their share, such as the teachers that are devoted to the education in rural regions and the college students that actively participate in the development of the poor areas with their knowledge. (that引导的两个定语从句)高分句型2 All in all, it is all Chinese nationals that create the miracle in China. (强调句式)
