1、Section Using language（非谓语动词作定语、状语和补语）情境创设语法精讲教材链接1. （教材P65）I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.2. （教材P65）wake up to find yourself in another quite different,3. （教材P65） I can see the children flattening their noses against the window, 4. （教材P65）The Lake Poets were a small group of poets livin
2、g in the Lake District of England in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.5. （教材P65） The Lake District, known for its beauty, is in the north-west of England.观察上面句子, 并分别写出每句中加黑部分所作的成分：1. 过去分词作宾语补足语。 2. 动词不定式短语作结果状语。 3. 现在分词短语作宾语补足语。 4. 现在分词短语作定语。 5. 过去分词短语作定语。 要点精析非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语1.-ing形式作状语、定语、补语作状
3、语-ing形式用法例句doing表示主动的动作, 可以表示原因、条件、伴随等。作结果状语时, 表示顺理成章的结果。Finding her car stolen, she hurried to turn to a policeman for help. 发现她的车被偷了, 她匆忙向警察求助。He ran to fast, falling down to the ground. 他跑得太快了, 结果摔倒在地上。having done表示主动, 该动作发生在句子/主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前。Not having received any reply, he decided to write aga
4、in. 没有收到任何回复, 他决定再写一封信。Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning, I decided to do an experiment. 意识到我可以用风筝来吸引闪电, 我决定做个实验。having been done表示被动、完成的动作。Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other count
5、ry in the world. 与其他大陆分离达数百万年, 澳大利亚有许多未在世界上任何其他国家发现的动植物。作定语doing表示主动或进行, 如果是-ing短语, 要置于所修饰的名词之后。Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures forming in your mind instead of before your eyes. 阅读是与看电视非常不同的体验; 图像在大脑中形成而不是在眼前。being done作后置定语, 表示被动且正在进行的动作。The question be
6、ing discussed at the meeting now is very important. 现在会议上正在被讨论的问题很重要。作补语doing表示主动或正在进行的动作。如果是被动语态, 那么, 宾语补足语就变成主语补足语。I can see some kids playing in the playground. 我可以看到一些孩子在操场上玩耍。（宾语补足语）The boy who was caught cheating in the exam will be punished. 考试作弊被抓的男生将受到惩罚。（主语补足语）注意：英语中有些动词既可以用-ing形式作宾语补足语也可以
7、用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语, 但表达的意义有所不同。如see sb. do sth. （看到某人做了某事, 表示看到事情的全过程）和see sb. doing sth. （看到某人正在做某事, 表示看到的是正在发生的事情）。常见的用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：feel, hear, notice, see, watch, observe。2. 过去分词作状语、定语、补语作状语用法例句过去分词作状语, 表示被动的动作, 相当于状语从句, 可以表示时间、原因、条件等, 可以转换为相应的状语从句。Seen from the hill, the city looks more beaut
8、iful.If it is seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful. （如果）从山上看, 城市显得更加美丽。状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词, 构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体检时要保持镇定。I wont go to the party unless invited. 我不会去参加聚会的, 除非受到邀请。作定语过去分词作定语表示被动或完成, 相当于省略了“which/that+be”的定语从句。过去分词
9、用作定语, 如果是单个词, 常置于其所修饰的名词之前。We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof. 卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气, 煤气装在车顶上的大袋中。作补语作表示感觉或心理状态的动词的宾补。如: see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, find等。I heard the so
10、ng sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。表示“使; 让”的动词后常接过去分词作宾补。如: have, get, keep, leave等。Ill have my hair cut tomorow. 明天我要理发。He got his tooth puled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。Dont leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。make oneself后接过去分词作宾补, 表示“使自己被”。He spoke i
11、n a louder voice in order to make himself heard. 他更大声地讲话, 以便让别人听到。3. 不定式作状语、定语、补语作状语用法例句不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果、原因语等。不定式作目的状语, 常常置于句首, 如果置于句尾, 不定式前面常常没有逗号。I stayed there to see what would hapen. 我留在那里看看会发生什么事。（目的状语）I returned home that day to find that everything was being in good order. 那天我回到家却发现一切都那么井井有条。
12、（结果状语, 表示出乎意料的结果。）I am sorry to hear that. 听到那件事我很难过。（原因状语）作定语往往表示要做的事情。He has nothing to do. 他无事可做。We reached an agreement to do the work together. 我们达成协议共同做这项工作。They made a plan to develop new products. 他们制订了一个研制新产品的计划。作补语常见的用带to的不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词有: alow, ask, beg, cause, forbid, force, get, invite,
13、persuade, request, teach, tell, remind, want, warn, wish, advise, encourage 等。We dont allow them to take away any books from our library. 我们不允许他们带走我们图书馆的任何书。Finally we persuaded them to stay with us. 最后我们说服他们和我们一起留下来。常见的用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有: fell, hear, have, let, make, notice, see, watch, listen to等
14、。注意: 在主动语态中, 用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语, 在被动语态中, 动词不定式符号to要还原, 动词不定式转而作主语补足语。Someone was heard to open the door. 听见有人开门。（作主语补足语）实战演练. 单句语法填空1.He said that many words describing （describe）nature were being added to the new version of the junior dictionary.2.The salvage, was piled （pile）upon the pier.3.Yet the g
15、rowth of business and industry also widened the gulf between the rich and the poor, giving （give）rise to reform movements.4.I heard him singing （sing）in the next room.5.American millionaires rooms were filled with art works imported （import）from Europe. 语法填空1.I was looking forward to 1. visiting （vi
16、sit） the Tate Gallery of British Art in London. I decided 2. to go （go） there last Saturday. My friend agreed 3. to come （come） with me. We planned 4. to spend （spend） the whole day there. We planned 5. to meet （meet） at 9 am. My friend promised 6. to be （be）there on time. However, my friend hates 7
17、. getting （get） up early and he arrived an hour late. After half an hour I got tired of 8. waiting （wait） for him and I visited it alone.新知清障素养构建核心词汇1. fade v. 逐渐消失; 褪色It comes when we remember nothing but clear skies, green fields, and sweet-smelling flowers-when the memory of snow, and ice, and bl
18、eak winds, has faded from our minds as completely as they have disappeared from the earth-and yet what a pleasant time it is! （教材P66）当我们只记得晴朗的天空、绿色的田野和芳香的花朵时, 当冰雪和寒风的记忆完全从我们的脑海中消失, 就像它们从地球上消失一样, 它（八月）就会到来然而这是多么令人愉快的时光啊!典例翻译Effect of the international financial crisis is fading away. 国际金融危机的影响正逐渐减弱。
19、He saw the monitor black out and a few words faded in. 他看见屏幕变暗, 渐渐显示出了几个字。 Fade out the music at the end of the scene. 在场景的末尾把音乐减弱。 归纳拓展（1）逐渐消失; （人）衰弱; 病重死亡 fade away （2）（画面）淡入, 渐显; （声音）渐强 fade in （3）（画面）淡出, 渐隐; （声音）渐弱 fade out 学以致用（1）单句填空The old man became ill and slowly faded away .（2）单句写作太阳把窗帘晒得褪
20、了色。 The sun had faded the curtains. 2. sweep v. 扫过, 掠过the wheat, piled in graceful sheaves, or waving in every gentle wind that sweeps above it, tinges the landscape with a golden colour. （教材P66）一捆捆优雅地堆在一起的小麦, 或迎着枝头掠过的微风摇摆的小麦, 给大地染上了金黄的色彩。典例翻译A huge wave swept over the deck. 一股巨浪从甲板上卷了过去。 They were
21、swept along/away by the force of their emotions. 他们受感情的威力所驱使。 They say they will sweep away the administration and introduce new methods. 他们说要取消那种行政管理而采用新方法。 归纳拓展（1）将某物清除 sweep sth. away （2）使某人醉心; 驱使某人专注 sweep sb. along/away （3）突然袭来 sweep over （4）sweep sth. aside 对置之不理; 不理会; 全然无视sweep into 阔步进入; 大模大
22、样地走入sweep sth. out打扫干净, 清扫干净（房间等）学以致用（1）单句填空They swept into the hall, looking forward to knowing what was going on.A deadly fear swept over him.（2）单句写作学生们正在打扫教室地面。 The students are sweeping the floor of the classroom. 3. hang over笼罩; 使忧虑A soft, pleasant light appears to hang over the whole earth（教材P
23、66）一道柔和的、令人愉快的光似乎笼罩着整个地球典例翻译If you continue to hang out with that group of bad boys, youll fail in your exams. 如果你继续和那群坏孩子闲逛, 你考试会不及格的。 Please hang on a second; Ill look for the manager and tell him you are on the phone for him. 请不要挂电话, 我去找经理并告诉他你正打电话等着他。 The dogs tongue was hanging out. 狗的舌头耷拉在外面。
24、The possibility of a court case is still hanging over her. 可能被告上法庭的阴影依然笼罩在她的心头。 归纳拓展（1）（在逆境中）坚持; 握住不放; 不挂断 hang on （2）闲逛; 耷拉在外面 hang out （3）hang together 相符, 一致; 同心协力hang on to sth. 紧紧抓住某物易混辨析hang可表示两种意思：一作“绞死; 吊死”, 规则变化; 二作“悬挂”, 不规则变化, 过去式和过去分词都是hung。学以致用（1）用hang短语的正确形式填空It is often the case that a
25、nything is possible for those who hang on to hope. Hang on a minute-Ill be with you in a moment!（2）完成句子无论处境可能多么困难, 都要不遗余力地获取知识并坚持下去。 Spare no effort to acquire knowledge and hang on no matter how difficult the situation may be.重点句型感叹句 what a pleasant time it is!（教材P66）这是多么令人愉快的时光啊!典例翻译How cold it is
26、! 天气多冷呀! What fools they are! 他们多傻啊! How interesting a story it is! 这是个多有趣的故事啊！ How well she plays! 她演奏得多么好啊! What beautiful weather! 天气真好! 归纳拓展英语的感叹句通常以how和what开头, 其中what后接名词, how修饰形容词或副词。根据感叹句的不同结构, 我们可以将它归纳为以下句型：What+名词+主语+谓语！（其中的“主语+谓语”通常可以省略）What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！What+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语！How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！How+形容词+a/an+名词单数可数+主语+谓语！How+主语+谓语！学以致用单句填空 How fast he drives! What a surprise! How he wished for a drink! What clever boys they are!What a slow train this is!
