1、13书面表达之概要写作序号内容Passage 1通过事例介绍 “远亲不如近邻”的意义Passage 2介绍道路礼仪越来越糟。Passage 3关于表明早恋对年轻人是有害的一项新发现Passage 4从身体健康、心理健康和人际关系三个方面分析了运动的好处Passage 5论述嫉妒是一种常见的不愉快的感觉，要把嫉妒作为自我提升的动力，Passage 6一些解决家庭问题的方法Passage1阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。An old saying goes that a near neighbor is better than a distant cousin. This sa
2、ying has fully proved that neighbors are so significant in our life.In the past, neighbors helped one another build houses and clear fields. They could offer timely help when someone was in trouble. Families depended on one another for friendship and entertainment. They shared happiness and sorrow f
3、rom time to time, which brought a harmonious atmosphere.However, nowadays, lack of communication and interaction between neighbors is the norm（常态）. The close relationship between neighbors is not common in our cities. A family may not even know the other families that live next door to them. We live
4、 in an age of machines and the Internet, and each family has its own car, TV set, and washing machine. People no longer depend on neighbors as much as they once did. Machines and the Internet keep people apart. In our grandparents times, women met while they hung the washing out, and men stopped and
5、 talked while they mowed （割草）their lawns. Today, they cant hear anything above the noise of their power lawn mowers. And women stay inside with their electrical dryers. Children are inside watching their favorite TV shows or playing computer games.Is the idea of being a good neighbor old-fashioned?
6、In 1965, a power cut hit New York City, and many thousands of people were left helpless. Suddenly everyone shared the same problem, and the largest city became a group of eight million neighbors. People with cars offered rides to those walking. Other people helped direct traffic. Trapped in elevator
7、s, people played word games and helped keep each other in good spirits. In times of trouble, people still depend on one another. As time goes on, people may once again feel that being a good neighbor is important.Passage2阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams and the
8、great speed of modern life, but behavior on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter.Road politeness is not only good manners, but
9、good sense. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to hit back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarreling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an
10、act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such behavior of politeness is by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dang
11、erous. A Typical example is the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to.An experienced driver, whose manners are fa
12、ultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages (堵塞) that give rise to unpleasant feelings. Unfortunately, modern drivers cant even learn to drive, let alone master the roadmanship. Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increa
13、se of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take (互谅互让) from all road users. It is high time we took this message to heart.Passage3Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible
14、.A new study of 8,000 young people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although love can make adults live healthily and happily, it is a bad thing for young people. Puppy love (早恋) may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression. The study shows that girls become mor
15、e depressed than boys, and younger girls are the worst of all.The possible reason for the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is “loss of self”. According to the study, even though boys would say “lose themselves in a romantic relationship”, this “loss of self” is much mo
16、re likely to lead to depression when it happens to girls. Young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feelings and opinions. They wont tell that to their parents. Dr Marianm Kaufman, an expert on young people problems, says 15% to 20% young people will have depression durin
17、g their growing. Trying romance often causes the depression.She advises kids not to jump into romance too early. During growing up, it is important for young people to build strong friendships and a strong sense of self. She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to thei
18、r friends, attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family.Parents should watch for signs of depressioneating or mood changesand if they see signs from their daughter or son, they need to give help. The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems
19、 to become weak with age. Love will always make us feel young, but only maturity gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects._Passage4阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Exercising is a free time activity that helps people to feel good in many aspects of the health definition.The best known part that exer
20、cising improves is the physical part. The physical effect of exercising is that every part and system of our body is in continuous movement. There are many parts in our body that benefit from exercise, but one of the most important parts that exercising helps is the blood circulation system. For exa
21、mple, when you exercise, muscles move, and to move, muscles need oxygen in the blood, so the heart has to pump blood at a faster speed to keep the muscles moving. This trains your heart and lungs giving you more strength for the future.Another part of the definition of health is mental health. This
22、is one of the aspects that makes people exercise. Exercise distracts and relaxes you for a while because in your exercise, you are getting rid of many feelings, such as stress. Many people feel that after exercising, all the problems and pressures of their lifestyle disappear or at least are forgott
23、en for a while. While exercising problems of our lives can be solved because you are calm and relaxed, and it s just much easier to think clearly.The social aspect of health is helped with exercise because many of the sports are and can be made with someone else. This makes stronger relationships be
24、cause you meet people that like you and share the same things. I think that this makes you feel more secure and learn about human relationships.Exercising is an activity that touches the three aspects of health. By exercising you could improve the functioning of your body, be calm in your mind, and
25、meet new people which make a healthier life. All in all, exercising enables you to get the satisfaction of doing something that helps you to live a healthy life. This idea causes many people to think of exercise as a drug. You should try it. Exercise, and be healthy.Passage5 Directions: Read the fol
26、lowing passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.EnvyIts a familiar but uncomfortable feeling. Your best friend will marry a handsome doctor, and the congratulatory hug you offer lacks genuine warmth. You
27、r friend is made the team for Saturdays big game, and you take a certain pleasure in telling him you cant be there to watch him play. You smile but a voice in your head asks, why them and not you?Envy is a shortcoming of character we like to keep in our heart secretly. How shameful is it not to be l
28、ooking forward with delight to your day as your best friends bridesmaid! Who would hope your friend might suffer some injury, so you can take his place on the team?Envy is everywhere. It seems to be in our nature to hate others gifts and good fortune, especially if we see them as advantages they sho
29、uldnt have.Envy raises its ugly head when we focus on what we want but we dont possess now. Worse still, we may even wish for and take pleasure in someones losing what we have always desired. When you compare yourself and your life unfavorably with your friend or your colleague, you can only keep yo
30、ur darker emotions.So, is there a solution? Is there anything you can do to get rid of this most ungenerous emotion? Well, why not make envy the motivation you need for self-improvement? The best weapon against envy is not to compete where you cant shine, but to do your absolute best where you can.S
31、tart by making peace with yourself, and accept the gifts which make you unique. Make an agreement with yourself to be the best you can be. Then find the qualities in others that cause your envy. Is it someones singing voice, their work promotion, their new car? Envy shows us the things wed like to h
32、ave. So, make a plan to earn whats important to you.And aim for genuine pleasure in the achievements and good fortune of others. Cheer on your friend when he scores that goal. Enjoy your best friends wedding day. Then go out and do something special, and make yourself wonderfully proud of you.Passag
33、e6 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。Family problems can be very painful, especially around family-centered times, like holidays. However, there are ways to solve the problems and restore peace to the dynamic (活力). Life is too short to waste. How a person approaches the family members and what he says can
34、 make a big difference.If the family members are arguing, waiting until everyone calms down can help deal with the argument. A person shouldnt discuss the family problem when he is still feeling upset or emotional. If he waits even a single night, the intensity (强度) of the emotion is likely to calm
35、down somewhat, even if he is still unhappy. He should wait rather than react emotionally. If he takes a step back and gives himself some time to think before dealing with the problem, he will deal with it wisely.Someone wants to send off a text or an email and wishes he could take things back. Tryin
36、g to address an argument or a family problem by instant text messages or emails is the worst possible choice. Thats because the tone can too easily be misunderstand by electronic communication. The man who sends off a text message or an email might not think he sounds angry to the person receiving i
37、t. Instead of sending off a text, pick up the telephone or, better yet, arrange in-person communication. Electronic communication means people lose the true meaning of body language, which can express feelings and reduce the sting (不快) of a painful conversation.As the saying goes, “Blood is thicker
38、than water.” People can choose their friends, but not their family. You might be able to cut people out, but it could cause you more pain down the road. Understanding that family members have faults but they can still love their families is the first step towards addressing problems. Accept your own
39、 faults, too._【参考答案】1Neighbors play an important role in our life. (要点1) In the past, neighbors helped one another and lived a harmonious life. (要点 2) Admittedly, owing to modern devices and the Internet, neighbors drift apart, resulting in little contact between each other now. (要点3) Nevertheless,
40、undergoing a power failure enabled residents in New York City in 1965 to become neighbors, and they assisted and encouraged one another, which illustrates the significance of being a good neighbor. (要点4)【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过事例介绍了俗语“远亲不如近邻”的意义，最终提出邻居之间的友好关系是很重要的。【详解】1 要点摘录Neighbors are so significant in
41、our life. In the past, neighbors helped one another and lived a harmonious life. However, nowadays, lack of communication and interaction between neighbors is the norm. In 1965, a power cut hit New York City, and many thousands of people were left helpless. Suddenly everyone shared the same problem,
42、 and the largest city became a group of eight million neighbors.As time goes on, people may once again feel that being a good neighbor is important.2.缜密构思将第1个要点作为总说、第2、3两个要点进行句式上的润色和修改；将第4个要点中的两个句子进行整合。3.遣词造句Neighbors play an important role in our life.Admittedly, owing to modern devices and the Int
43、ernet, neighbors drift apart, resulting in little contact between each other now.Nevertheless, undergoing a power failure enabled residents in New York City in 1965 to become neighbors, and they assisted and encouraged one another, which illustrates the significance of being a good neighbor. 【点睛】高分句
44、型1 Admittedly, owing to modern devices and the Internet, neighbors drift apart, resulting in little contact between each other now. 不可否认，由于现代设备和互联网，邻居们疏远了，导致现在彼此之间很少有联系。“resulting in”为现在分词作结果状语。高分句型2 Nevertheless, undergoing a power failure enabled residents in New York City in 1965 to become neighb
45、ors, and they assisted and encouraged one another, which illustrates the significance of being a good neighbor. 然而，1965年纽约市停电后，居民们成为了邻居，他们互相帮助，互相鼓励，这说明了做一个好邻居的重要性。“ which illustrates the significance of being a good neighbor.”为which引导的非限制性定语从句。2Road manners are getting worse. Civilized driving is no
46、t only about polite behavior but requires sensible judgment to identify/recognize it, which is ignored by many drivers. Besides, inappropriate politeness can sometimes put road users in danger. Therefore, with the increased car ownership, modern drivers who lack the driving skills and proper roadman
47、ship should bear give-and-take in mind.【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍道路礼仪越来越糟。文明驾驶不仅仅是礼貌的行为，还需要理智的判断来识别它，这被许多司机忽视了。此外，不适当的礼貌有时会把道路使用者置于危险之中。因此，随着汽车保有量的增加，那些缺乏驾驶技术和适当的道路行驶的现代司机应该牢记互谅互让。【详解】1. 要点摘录1.It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams and the great speed of modern life, but behavior on the road are becomi
48、ng horrible.2.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense.3.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous.4.An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages (堵塞) that giv
49、e rise to unpleasant feelings.5.Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take (互谅互让) from all road users. It is high time we took this message to heart.2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，将第5点独立出来。3.遣词造句Road manners are getting worse. Civilize
50、d driving is not only about polite behavior but requires sensible judgment to identify/recognize it, which is ignored by many drivers.Besides, inappropriate politeness can sometimes put road users in danger. Therefore, with the increased car ownership, modern drivers who lack the driving skills and
51、proper roadmanship should bear give-and-take in mind.【点睛】高分句型1： Civilized driving is not only about polite behavior but requires sensible judgment to identify/recognize it, which is ignored by many drivers.这句话运用了not only but (also) 连接主句，并运用关系代词which引导的非限定性定语从句。高分句型2：Therefore, with the increased car
52、 ownership, modern drivers who lack the driving skills and proper roadmanship should bear give-and-take in mind. 这句话运用了关系代词who引导的定语从句。3One possible version:A new finding in the Journal shows that puppy love is bad for young people because of stress and depression caused by it, especially for young g
53、irls. The possible reason is the “loss of self”. Fortunately, the expert gives kids some positive advice and tells parents how to help them. The best remedy to avoid bad side effect is the maturity love.【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项新发现，表明早恋对年轻人是有害的，因为早恋会引起压力和抑郁，尤其是对年轻女孩。幸运的是，专家给了孩子一些积极的建议，并告诉父母如何帮助他们避免不良副作用，
54、最好良药就是成熟的爱。【详解】1 要点摘录A new study of 8,000 young people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although love can make adults live healthily and happily, it is a bad thing for young people.And younger girls are the worst of all.The possible reason for the connection between love and h
55、igher risk of depression for girls is “loss of self”.She advises kids not to jump into romance too early.She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to their friends, attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family.The good news is that the con
56、nection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age. Only maturity gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.2.缜密构思将第1、2要点整合，简化表达，引出说明的主题；要点3说明引起事件的原因；将第4、5两个要点进行整合说明专家建议；6点结尾说明了解决问题的积极方面。3.遣词造句A new finding in the Journal shows that puppy love is bad for young people because
57、of stress and depression caused by it, especially for young girls. The possible reason is the “loss of self”. Fortunately, the expert gives kids some positive advice and tells parents how to help them. The best remedy to avoid bad side effect is the maturity love【点睛】高分句型1 A new finding in the Journa
58、l shows that puppy love is bad for young people because of stress and depression caused by it, especially for young girls. 运用一个主从复和句对原文第一段进行了概括。其中that引导的宾语从句、运用be bad for和because of连接的原因状语等，表达非常高级。高分句型2：The best remedy to avoid bad side effect is the maturity love.用不定式to avoid bad side effect做后置定语，修
59、饰主语The best remedy表达形式多样。4Exercising is helpful in many aspects of peoples health(要点一). First, it improves our physical health, especially our blood circulation system(要点二). It also does great good to peoples mental health, with many negative feelings released ( 要点三). Besides, exercising can strengt
60、hen peoples social relationships by exercising with those having the same interests. In a word, exercising benefits us physically, mentally, and socially, which is of great help for us to live a healthy life (要点四). (71 词)【分析】这是一篇说明文,文章分别从身体健康、心理健康和人际关系三个方面分析了运动的好处。【详解】1 要点摘录：Exercising is a free tim
61、e activity that helps people to feel good in many aspects of the health definition.The best known part that exercising improves is the physical part.There are many parts in our body that benefit from exercise, but one of the most important parts that exercising helps is the blood circulation system.
62、Another part of the definition of health is mental health.Many people feel that after exercising, all the problems and pressures of their lifestyle disappear or at least are forgotten for a while.The social aspect of health is helped with exercise because many of the sports are and can be made with
63、someone else.This makes stronger relationships because you meet people that like you and share the same things.By exercising you could improve the functioning of your body, be calm in your mind, and meet new people which make a healthier life.All in all, exercising enables you to get the satisfactio
64、n of doing something that helps you to live a healthy life.2.要点整合：分别将、，整合重组。3.遣词造句：第句整合后：Exercising is helpful in many aspects of peoples health .第句重组整合后：Exercising improves our physical health, especially our blood circulation system.第句重组整合后：Exercising also does great good to peoples mental health,
65、 with many negative feelings released.第句重组整合后：exercising can strengthen peoples social relationships by exercising with those having the same interests.第句重组整合后：exercising benefits us physically, mentally, and socially, which is of great help for us to live a healthy life.4. 连句成文（采用适当的表示文章结构和逻辑关系的连词或
66、过渡词句，使文章连贯起来）表文章结构顺序：First/First of all/ Firstly/First, And also/Secondly/Second, And then/Besides, Finally,/In the end At last【点睛】高分句型1 It also does great good to peoples mental health, with many negative feelings released.with的复合结构。高分句型2：In a word, exercising benefits us physically, mentally, and
67、socially, which is of great help for us to live a healthy life.which引导目的非限制性定语从句。5Envy is a common but unpleasant feeling, which is a secret hidden in our heart. This nature usually arises when we cant get what we want and even take delight in others losing it. To avoid this negative feeling, firstl
68、y try to transform envy into motivation to improve ourselves. Besides, accept your unique talents gladly. Finally, appreciate others achievements sincerely.【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述嫉妒是一种常见的不愉快的感觉，它隐藏在我们心里，讨厌别人有好运是人的天性，尤其是当我们认为别人不该有那样的好运时。这是一种消极情绪，要把嫉妒作为自我提升的动力，接受自己独特的才能，出去做点让自己为自己感到无比自豪的事情，真诚地欣赏别人的成就。【详解】1.
69、 要点摘录Its a familiar but uncomfortable feeling. Envy is a shortcoming of character we like to keep in our heart secretly.It seems to be in our nature to hate othersgifts and good fortune, especially if we see them as advantages they shouldnt have.Well, why not make envy the motivation you need for se
70、lf-improvement?Start by making peace with yourself, and accept the gifts which make you unique. And aim for genuine pleasure in the achievements and good fortune of others.2.缜密构思将第1、2、两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5、6要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Envy is a shortcoming of character that is secretly kept in our heart.Why do not we m
71、ake envy the motivation that we need for self-improvement?We should take pleasure in the achievements and good fortune of others.Learn to appreciate your strengths and try to do what you are proud of.【点睛】高分句型1 Envy is a common but unpleasant feeling, which is a secret hidden in our heart. 运用一个复杂的主从复
72、合句对原文第二段进行了概括，其中，which引导非限制性定语从句，表达非常高级。高分句型2 This nature usually arises when we cant get what we want and even take delight in others losing it.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第四段进行了概括。其中when引导的是时间状语从句，表达非常高级。6Family problems can be very painful. However, there are always some ways to handle them. Waiting until you
73、 are not angry to discuss family problems can help solve them. Rather than send off a text or email, deal with family problems in person, which is an effective way. Meanwhile, it is necessary to try to accept the faults of your family members as well as your own.【分析】这是一篇概要写作。【详解】写作步骤1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文
74、，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。文章主要说明了家庭问题是非常令人痛苦的。然而，总有一些方法可以处理它们。等到你不生气的时候再讨论家庭问题有助于解决问题。与其发短信或电子邮件，不如亲自处理家庭问题，这是一种有效的方式。同时，有必要试着接受家庭成员的错误和自己的错误。2）弄清要求。新高考的概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文
75、保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：painful；handle；rather than；send off；deal with；in person；effective；faults；as well as等高级词汇；Rather than send off a text or email, deal with family problems in person, which is an effective way.运用非限制性定语从句等高级句式。
