1、Section Grammar定语和定语从句语法图解 典句感知I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes to be served，and I started eating greedily.Everyone else just tasted a bit of each dish and then put their chopsticks down, continuing to chat.I still remember what I ate: a tuna fish and cheese sandwich.D
2、o you know the girl singing over there?He is always the first person to leave the office.One evening he was entertaining the ruler of a small island in the Pacific.However, there are other kinds of foods that have taken longer for me to accept.But one thing I do admire is the polite manner in which
3、British people eat, even if it is just a potato.As we all know, Vladimir Putin was elected President of Russia a fourth time.The menu included asparagus, which his guest had never eaten before.语法领悟(1)句中，黑体部分在句中均作定语，且句中作前置定语，作后置定语。(2)由句可知，形容词修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词后面。(3)句中，黑体部分均为定语从句。(4)句中，黑体部分为非限制性定语从句。一、定语定
4、语是用来修饰名词和代词的一种句子成分，可由单词、短语或从句充当。1定语的位置位置用法前置单个的形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词等作定语时，常放在被修饰词之前。后置动词不定式(短语)、分词短语、介词短语或从句作定语时，常放在被修饰词之后。something, anything, nothing等复合不定代词的修饰词，即使是单个词，也要后置。2.定语的构成(1)形容词作定语The story has a happy ending.故事的结局很圆满。I want to tell you something important.我想告诉你一些重要的事情。特别提醒 多个形容词修饰同一个名词时，它们的排列顺
5、序是：限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老；颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。a charming small round old brown Chinese wooden table 一个迷人的、小而圆的、老式的、棕色中式木制桌子即学即练1 单项选择Its a _ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.Acharming French smallBFrench small charmingCsmall French charmingDcharming small French答案：D解析：句意：这是一个迷人的法国小时钟
6、，由黄铜制成，可以追溯到19世纪。根据多个形容词修饰同一个名词时的排列顺序可知选D。(2)名词或名词所有格作定语The shoe store is still open.这家鞋店还开着。There are many women teachers in our school.我们学校有很多女教师。You should follow the doctors advice and do more exercise.你应该听从医生的建议，多运动。特别提醒 名词作定语一般用单数形式，如a book store, a coffee shop，在变为复数时只变后面的中心词，如book stores, cof
7、fee shops。但也有少数由名词作定语的词组在变复数时两个词都变为复数，如man和woman作定语的词组，a man/woman teacher，复数形式为men/women teachers。(3)代词作定语His rapid progress in English made us surprised.他在英语方面的快速进步使我们吃惊。This man was wellknown for his courage.这个人因他的勇气而出名。(4)数词作定语More than thirty students in our class have read the book.我们班上30多个学生读
8、过这本书。(5)副词作定语The flowers here are for our teachers.这里的花是送给我们的老师的。(6)介词短语作定语He is reading an article about how to learn English.他正在读一篇有关如何学习英语的文章。(7)不定式作定语Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.我们的班长总是第一个进教室的人。Do you have anything to be bought this afternoon?今天下午你有什么要买的东西吗？(8)分词(短语)作定
9、语：现在分词表主动或正在发生的动作；过去分词表被动或已发生过的动作。Do you know the boy talking with Lucy?你认识和露西说话的那个男孩吗？The meeting held yesterday was very important to us.昨天举行的那个会议对我们来说是很重要的。(9)v.ing作定语He walks with the help of a walking stick.他在手杖的帮助下行走。(10)从句作定语There is nothing that worries him.没有什么事使他烦恼。即学即练2 单句语法填空1I was watch
10、ing the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to_catch (catch)解析：句意：开会期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要赶火车。本空所在部分用了have sth.to do结构表示“有某事要做”，因此这里用不定式作定语修饰a train。2When going for a walk, take along a small garbage bag. Should you come across waste paper thrown (throw) out of a passing car, pick it up.解析：句意：当出
11、去散步时，带上一个小垃圾袋。如果你碰到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。Should you come across.car为虚拟条件从句的省略与倒装，相当于If you should come across.car，表示与将来事实相反的假设。waste paper和throw是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词作定语。3Theres a note pinned to the door saying (say) when the shop will open again.解析：句意：门上钉着一张便条，上面写着这家店再次开张的时间。现在分词短语saying when.again作定语，修饰
12、note，表示主动意义。二、定语从句定语从句是由关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as和关系副词when, where, why等引导的从句。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。1限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号与主句隔开。如：Do you remember the man who taught us English？你还记得教我们英语的那个人吗？用逗号与主句隔开。如：Ive been to London, which is a beautiful city.我去过伦敦，那是一个美丽的城市。意
13、义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删去，句子意思将不完整。如：This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday. 这就是他昨天丢的那本书。只是对先行词的补充说明，如删去，句子意思仍然完整、明确。如：The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.他昨天丢的那本书已经找到了。2.非限制性定语从句不能用关系代词that引导。指人时，如果关系词在从句中作主语，要用who，作宾语要用whom；指物时，要用which/as。在非限制性定语从句中，即使关系词作宾语也不能省略。Mr Zhang, who came
14、to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my fathers.张先生是我父亲的一位老朋友，昨天他来看我了。(作主语)Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。(作宾语，不能省略)即学即练3 单句语法填空1She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.解析：句意：她和她的家人骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。分析句子结构可知，此处用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一句话。2
15、But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.解析：句意：Sarah和超级模特儿一起参加过演出，但是她想证明自己既漂亮又聪明。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Sarah，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。3as和which的选择(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可置于句首、句中和句末先行词不可以是一个词，通常是整个主句as有“正如，如同”的意思，表示依据、评论、态度、看法等常用于以下动词的主被动语
16、态中：know, say, expect, suggest, report等She is late again, as was expected.她又迟到了，正如预料的那样。(位于句末)As we had expected, Tom passed the driving test.正如我们预料的那样，汤姆通过了驾照考试。(位于句首)Global warming, as we all know, has caused a lot of natural disasters.众所周知，全球变暖已经引发了很多自然灾害。(位于句中)(2)which引导的非限制性定语从句置于先行词之后，通常不置于句首先行
17、词既可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句或主句的部分内容，是整个主句时，从句谓语动词用单数形式which有“这/那，这/那一点”之意These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not produced any fruits.这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。(which指代These apple trees)John passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.约翰通过了考试，这使他的父母很高兴。(which指代整个主句)He said that he had ne
18、ver seen her before, which was not true.他说他以前从没见过她，这不是真的。(which指代主句中的宾语从句)即学即练4单句语法填空 1China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.解析：此处应使用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整个句子的内容，意为“这一点”。2There is no simple answer, as i
19、s often the case in science.解析：分析句子结构可知，该题后半句为非限制性定语从句，所填的词在从句中作主语，指代前面整个句子的内容，故填as，意为“正如”。用适当的关系词填空1Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.2Although the main attraction was the soup, Rozes chain shops also s
20、et a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.3Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which/that calls for a clear road map and timetable.4We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather
21、may be better.5Pop music is such an important part of society as has even influenced the language we use.6In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readers
22、hip and whose charactersfrom Oliver Twist to Tiny Timwere held up as moral touchstones.7Instead of making many excuses why you cant reach your goal, just hold on to your dream and never give up.8As is known to all, China has the largest population in the world.9We are living in an age when QR codes (二维码) are becoming more and more popular in our daily life.10Two years later, Ray Charles became completely blind. Then he went to a school intended for blind and deaf children, where the teacher encouraged him to continue to study music.
