1、Module 3 The Violence of Nature课下主题训练 自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护.阅读理解Fires sweeping across the Amazon rainforest recently have been making the headlines as scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will worsen climate change crisis and endanger biodiversity (生态多样性)As the largest rainforest in
2、 the world, the Amazon rainforest is often called “the lungs of the world”It is also home to about 3 million species of plants and animals, and 1 million local people.The vast area of rainforest plays an important role in the worlds ecosystem because it absorbs heat instead of reflecting heat back i
3、nto the atmosphere.It also stores carbon dioxide and produces oxygen, ensuring that less carbon is released, reducing the effects of climate change.“Any destruction of forest is a danger to biodiversity and the people who use that biodiversity，”Thomas Lovejoy, an ecologist at George Mason University
4、 told National Geographic.“The great danger is that a lot of carbon goes into the atmosphere，”he stressed.“In the midst of the global climate crisis, we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity.The Amazon rainforest must be protected，” UN Secretary General Antonio Guter
5、res said.Data from the National Institute for Space Research show that a total of 71,497 forest fires were registered in Brazil in the first 8 months of 2019, up from 39,194 in the same period in 2018.“We estimate that the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon have decreased by 20 to 30 percent compa
6、red to the last 12 months，” Carlos Nobre, a researcher at the University of Sao Paulo, told German broadcaster Deutsche Welle.Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest whose degradation(恶化)could have severe consequences for global climate.The extent of the area ruined by fires has yet to
7、 be determined, but the emergency has gone beyond Brazils borders.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雨林火灾造成严重的后果以及保护亚马孙热带雨林的紧急性。1What is the second paragraph mainly about?AThe great role of the Amazon rainforest.BThe effects of consistent climate change.CThe causes of the decreasing biodiversity.DThe results of t
8、he Amazon rainforest fires.解析：选A段落大意题。根据第二段第一句和第三句可知，亚马孙热带雨林被称为“地球之肺”，广袤的雨林在世界生态系统中扮演着重要的角色。由此可知，第二段主要讲亚马孙雨林的重要作用。故选A项。2Why does the author mention the figures in the fourth paragraph?ATo explain the process of the research.BTo present the bad influence of forest fires.CTo prove the great importance
9、 of the rainforest.DTo show the urgency of protecting the rainforest.解析：选D写作意图题。根据第四段第一句可知，巴西森林火灾的数量2018年前8个月是39 194,2019年前8个月是71 497。再根据第二句可知，巴西亚马孙河流域的森林面积比过去12个月减少了20%到30%。最后再根据第三段最后一句中的“The Amazon rainforest must be protected”和最后一段最后一句可推知，作者提到第四段中的数字是为了说明保护雨林的紧急性。3What does the author want to tel
10、l us in the passage?AThe dry weather leads to the rainforest fires.BThe biodiversity makes the rainforest unique.CThe rainforest fires result in serious consequences.DThe global climate crisis brings more rainforest fires.解析：选C主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句可知，雨林火灾威胁生物多样性和人类生活；再根据最后一段第一句可知，巴西拥有大约60%的亚马孙雨林，其恶化会对全球气候有
11、严重后果。由此可推知，作者旨在告诉我们，雨林火灾会造成严重后果。4Which section of a newspaper might this passage probably be taken from?ACulture and life.BNature and geography.CHumankind and society. DScience and technology.解析：选B文章出处题。根据第一段中的“they will worsen climate change crisis and endanger biodiversity (生态多样性)”和第二段第三句并结合全文内容可知
12、，本文讲述的是亚马孙雨林火灾及其严重后果，所以本文最有可能摘自报纸的自然地理部分。.阅读七选五Where do hurricane names come from? Why do we give human names to violent, mindless masses of water and wind? And how do we all agree which name to use?Before the 1940s, only the worst storms were given names. _1_ There was the Sea Islands Hurricane of
13、1893, the Great Galveston Hurricane of 1900 and the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 to name a few.The practice of using more memorable names didnt begin until 1950. It was when Atlantic tropical hurricanes received official names, although they still werent human ones. _2_So the 1950 season featured suc
14、h strangely named storms as Hurricane Dog, Hurricane Easy and Hurricane Love._3_The same list of names was recycled every year, so the 19501952 seasons each featured a Hurricane Able through at least Hurricane Fox. That became confusing, so in 1953 the US National Hurricane Center began using female
15、 human names, which proved far more successful. Not only did it make storm identification easier, but it helped authorities and news outlets spread warnings. _4_The first hurricane names were often inspired by forecasters wives, but in 1979 mens names were added to the mix. The World Meteorological
16、Organization now monitors the master list of names, which alternates between male and females six lists are rotated annually in the Atlantic.So the 2015 names will be used again in 2021. _5_ Seventyeight Atlantic hurricane names have been retired since 1954, including 29 since 2000.ABesides, it help
17、ed the public pay attention to them.BThese names were chosen from some familiar words.CThis naming rule, however, had an obvious weakness.DThese names of retired hurricanes are silly or unreasonable.EBut when a hurricane is bad enough, its name can be retired.FThey were usually based on the place or
18、 time of year they made landfall.GIt is also easier to use names when we have more than one storm to track.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种给飓风命名的方式。1选F根据空后一句可知，这些飓风都是根据时间或地点来命名的，承接下文，F选项“它们通常是根据它们一年中登陆的地点或时间来确定的。”符合语境。故选F项。2选B根据空前两句和空后一句可知，飓风狗、飓风易和飓风爱(Dog、Easy和Love很熟悉常见)都是选用熟悉的词命名的，承接上下文，B选项“这些名字是从一些熟悉的词中选出来的。
19、”符合语境。故选B项。3选C根据下文可知，选用熟悉的词给飓风命名，会产生有“许多相同名字飓风”的弱点，这让人们很困惑，这不利于识别飓风和发出警报，所以才出现了用女性人名命名的方式(有利于识别飓风和发出警报)，承接下文，C选项“然而，这个命名规则有一个明显的弱点。”符合语境。故选C项。4选A根据空前一句可知，上下两句讲飓风用女性人名命名的好处，上下两句之间是顺承递进关系，承接上文，A选项“此外，它也有助于公众对它们的关注。”符合语境。故选A项。5选E根据空后一句可知，承接下文，E选项“但是当飓风够糟糕的时候，它的名字可以注销。”符合语境；E项中的retired对应下文的retired，同词复现。
20、故选E项。.短文改错My hometown is a small city in Southwest China, that is surrounded by rolling green mountains. A river runs across it, with various kinds of trees lined both banks. In spring fruit trees all blossom at the same time, spreading sweetly fragrance all around the city. In summer smaller boats
21、are floating on the river, and the sound of the running water accompanying the laughters of children can be heard from far away. Although it rains a lot, but the climate is very mild. People here were warmhearted and straightforward. Its good place to spend hot summer days. I love it from the bottom
22、 of her heart.答案：第一句：thatwhich第二句：acrossthrough; linedlining第三句：sweetlysweet第四句：smallersmall; laughterslaughter第五句：去掉but或butstill/yet第六句：wereare第七句：good前加a第八句：hermy.书面表达假定你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以“我最喜爱的一本书”为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：1该书简介；2喜爱的原因。注意：1.词数100左右；2短文题目已为你写好，不计入总词数。My Favourite Book参考范文：My Favourite BookOf al
23、l the books I have read, I love A Dream of the Red Mansions most.It is my favorite not because it was written by Cao Xueqin, a famous novelist in Qing Dynasty. Rather, I deeply value the book and have read it over 10 times, firstly, for the moving love story between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu. Besides,
24、 if given enough patience and devotion, the novel will also reveal the rise and decline of a famous royal family to its readers. What I also enjoy about the book is its language and writing style of Cao Xueqin, which had a profound effect on the writers of his times and later generations.All in all, A Dream of the Red Mansions has won my heart and I am convinced that it deserves yours too.
