1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。核心素养测评 四十选修8 Unit 5Meeting your ancestors(限时35分钟). 阅读理解If Confucius(孔子)were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. Hed need a strong wind to help him put them out.
2、 While many people in China will remember Confucius on this special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. Its nothing personal. Most Americans dont even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes. But this doesnt mean that Americans dont care about Confucius.
3、 In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China. In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in m
4、ore than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, history and philosophy(哲学). Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks(缺
5、点) of Westerners philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their
6、 Chinese customers. So the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well. Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West. As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthd
7、ay is. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 阐述了西方学生学习中国文化的现象, 并告诉我们中国古代伟大的思想家孔子的思想仍然受到人们的追捧。1. The opening paragraph is mainly intended to _. A. provide some key facts about ConfuciusB. attract the readers interest in the subjectC. show great respect for the ancient thinkerD. prove the popularity of modern birthday cele
8、brations【解析】选B。目的意图题。第一段说如果孔子仍然活着并能庆祝生日的话, 将会有很多的蜡烛, 他需要很大的风才能吹灭蜡烛, 是为了吸引读者的注意力, 让读者继续读下去。2. We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students _. A. have a great interest in studying ChineseB. take an active part in Chinese competitionsC. try to get high scores in Chinese examsD. fight for a chan
9、ce to learn Chinese【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. ”和第六句中的“are racing to learn Chinese”可知, 美国学生对中国文化很感兴趣。3. What is the best title for the passage? A. Forgotten Wisdom in AmericaB. Huge Fans of the Chine
10、se LanguageC. Chinese Culture for WesternersD. Old Thinker with a Big Future【解析】选D。主旨大意题。本文主要向我们介绍了孔子思想对西方的影响, 许多美国学生、商人等竞相学习中国文化, 社会学家希望用中国古人的智慧来弥补西方哲学的缺点。【知识拓展】长难句分析1. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China. 分析: that引导定语
11、从句, 修饰先行词bridge。翻译: 如果外国人想要更加深入地了解中国, 孔子在许多方面是他们不得不跨过的桥。2. Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy. 分析: that引导宾语从句。翻译: 许多社会学家建议西方人应该利用中国古代智慧去弥补西方哲学的缺点。. 阅读填句Why do Chinese like drinking h
12、ot water?In Western countries, drinking hot water isnt common. 1. 2 A British man, who has been in Beijing for over five years, visited a local cafe during his trip in England. He said to a friendly waitress in a classy British accent, “Can I have a glass of hot water, please?” The waitress eyes wid
13、ened. She was so confused. “To. . . to. . . to drink?” she replied. Westerners are as curious about why Chinese people drink hot water as Chinese are curious about why Westerners drink cold water. This cultural difference is not a simple issue, but related to history, culture, and science. When did
14、Chinese start to drink hot water? 3 Archaeologists found pottery dating to 20, 000 years ago. They believe the pottery was used to cook food and heat water. Drinking hot water is considered to be healthier among Chinese people. 4 Bodies normal temperature is 37, which keeps the smooth flow of blood
15、cycle and the regular operation of the bodys organs. Cold water has the effect of slowing. 5 If the body is too weak to warm up, some syndromes(症状)may present themselves, like cold hands and feet, a weak desire to eat food, poor digestion or body pain. A. There is a story online. B. The answer lies
16、in history. C. It is easy to provide an accurate answer. D. Westerners often drink with ice almost every day. E. Drinking cold water leads to an imbalance of temperature inside a body. F. Hot water was reserved for the pregnant women, the elderly and the sick. G. When drinking cold water, you will c
17、onsume more energy to warm up. 【文章大意】本文属于说明文, 介绍中国人喜欢喝热水的原因。1. 【解析】选D。根据前一句In Western countries, drinking hot water isnt common. 可知, 本段描述西方人的喝水习惯, 喝热水不常见, 习惯喝冰水, 故D选项, 承接上一句, 切题, 故选D。2. 【解析】选A。分析本段可知, 本段主要讲述一个在北京生活了五年多的英国人去英国餐厅要热水时, 女服务员很迷惑、惊讶。可知, 本段讲了一个故事, 故A选项符合。3. 【解析】选B。根据后文Archaeologists found
18、pottery dating to 20, 000 years ago. They believe the pottery was used to cook food and heat water. 可知, 考古学家发现两万年前的陶器, 他们认为这些陶器是用于煮食物和烧热水的, 可知, 中国人什么时候开始喝热水的答案可以从历史中找到, 故选B。4. 【解析】选E。根据后文Bodies normal temperature is 37, which keeps the smooth flow of blood cycle and the regular operation of the body
19、s organs. Cold water has the effect of slowing. 可知, 人体正常温度为37摄氏度, 这个温度保证正常的血液循环和身体器官的运行, 喝冷水会影响人体的温度, 故E选项切题, 选E。5. 【解析】选G。根据后文If the body is too weak to warm up, some syndromes may present themselves, like cold hands and feet. . . 可知, 身体温度过低, 就会出现一些症状, 故本段描述喝冷水可能造成的一些影响, 故选G。. 完形填空It was my first d
20、ay to Miss Hargroves seventh grade. Past “newcomer” experiences had been difficult, so I was very 1 to fit in. After being introduced to the class, I bravely put on a smile and took my seat. Lunchtime was a(n) 2 surprise when the girls all crowded around my table. They were friendly, so I began to 3
21、. My new classmates told me about the school, the teachers and the other kids. They 4 out the class nerd(书呆子)to me: Mary Lou. She was a pretty girl with dark eyes and olive skin, but she wore a long woolen skirt and an old-fashioned blouse. She ate alone. After school, the girls invited me to join t
22、hem in front of the school. I was 5 to be a member of the club. Then Mary Lou came down the school steps. The girls started 6 her, shouting rudely, biting comments. I paused, and then joined right in. Mean remarks 7 from my lips. No one could tell Id never done this before. The other girls stepped b
23、ack and started cheering for me. Feeling 8, I pulled on her backpack and then pushed her. Her backpack broke, Mary Lou fell and I backed off. Everyone was laughing. I 9 in. I was a leader. I was not proud. Something inside me hurt. If youve ever picked a wing off a butterfly, you know how I felt. Ma
24、ry Lou got up, gathered her books and left without a tear or saying anything. She held her head 10 as blood ran down from her knee. I 11 her struggle away down the street. I turned to leave with my 12 and noticed a man standing beside his car. He must have been Mary Lous fatherhe had the same olive
25、skin, dark eyes and handsome look. He remained still and watched the 13 girl walk toward him. Only his eyes shining with both sadness and pride followed. As I passed, he looked at me in silence with burning tears that reminded me of my 14. Mary Lous fathers eyes taught me a good lesson that day. I n
26、ever again hurt someone for my own 15. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者的一段亲身经历, 在七年级时, 为了赢得自己的利益而毫无顾忌地伤害别人, 但是并没有给自己带来快感, 而是带来了内心的羞愧。也正是那女孩的父亲的眼睛给作者上了一课, 让作者再也不会为了自己的利益而伤害他人。1. A. anxiousB. excitedC. frightenedD. curious【解析】选A。anxious焦虑的, 担忧的;excited兴奋的, 激动的;frightened害怕的, 受惊吓的;curious好奇的, 有求知欲的。根据句意: 对于融入新班级
27、, 我非常焦虑。故选A。2. A. terribleB. pleasantC. disappointingD. expected【解析】选B。terrible可怕的, 糟糕的;pleasant令人愉快的, 舒适的;disappointing令人失望的;expected预期的。根据时间状语when the girls all crowded around my table可知午餐时间是一个惊喜。故选B。3. A. readB. hesitateC. relaxD. suspect【解析】选C。read读;hesitate踌躇, 犹豫;relax放松, 使休息;suspect怀疑, 猜想。根据上文
28、They were friendly可知我开始放松下来, 故选C。4. A. pickedB. pointedC. workedD. found【解析】选B。pick与out搭配“挑出”;point与out搭配“指出, 指明”;work与out搭配“解决, 算出”;find与out搭配“找出, 查明”。根据句意: 她们给我指出一个“书呆子”。故选B。5. A. scaredB. carefulC. thrilledD. afraid【解析】选C。scared害怕的;careful认真的;thrilled非常兴奋的;afraid害怕的。根据句意: 能够成为团体的一员我很兴奋。故选C。6. A.
29、speaking well of B. making fun ofC. looking up toD. going back to【解析】选B。speak well of称赞, 说好话;make fun of取笑;look up to尊敬;go back to回去, 追溯到。根据后面shouting rudely粗鲁地大喊大叫, 可知是取笑她。故选B。7. A. said B. received C. spokeD. fell【解析】选D。say说;receive收到, 接受;speak说话;fall掉落, 打击, 击倒。根据句意: 刻薄的话从我的嘴里说了出来。fall from说出, 故选D
30、。8. A. ashamedB. guiltyC. encouragedD. enthusiastic【解析】选C。ashamed惭愧的, 感到难为情的;guilty有罪的, 内疚的;encouraged受到鼓励的;enthusiastic热情的, 热心的。根据句意: 我感到很受鼓舞。故选C。9. A. turnedB. wentC. tookD. fitted【解析】选D。turn与in连用“交上, 归回”;go与in连用“参加, 放得进”;take与in连用“吸收, 领会”;fit与in连用“适应, 适合”。根据后面I was a leader我是一个领导者, 可知我很适应这种感觉, 终于
31、融入了集体。故选D。10. A. cautiouslyB. casuallyC. lowlyD. high【解析】选D。cautiously慎重地, 谨慎地;casually随便地, 偶然地;lowly低地, 无足轻重地;high高。根据句意: 她的头高高昂起。故选D。11. A. watchedB. heardC. glaredD. sensed【解析】选A。watch注视;hear听;glare瞪视;sense感觉到。根据句意: 我看着她挣扎着走在街上。故选A。12. A. careB. laughterC. puzzleD. pride【解析】选B。care关心;小心;laughter笑
32、;puzzle迷惑;pride骄傲;自豪。根据句意: 我笑着转过身, 故选B。13. A. sillyB. onlyC. lonelyD. friendly【解析】选C。silly愚蠢的;only唯一的;lonely孤独的;friendly友好的。根据上文的内容可知女孩是孤独的, 故选C。14. A. painB. pityC. weaknessD. shame【解析】选D。pain疼痛;pity怜悯, 同情;weakness弱点;shame羞愧。根据句意: 这使我想到, 我做出的令人羞愧的事。故选D。15. A. lossB. gainC. effortD. duty【解析】选B。loss减
33、少, 亏损;gain利益;effort努力, 成就;duty责任。根据句意: 我再也不会为了自己的利益而伤害别人。故选B。. 语法填空阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There are many things we need to know but do not learn at school. For example, if we want to use our money 1. (wise), we need to shop carefully. We need to know how to compare the 2. (price) and quali
34、ty. We need to know how to make 3. _ best decision when we shop. Knowing how to make such decisions 4. (be) a life skill, and we need these skills if we are to lead useful and happy lives. Some of the decisions are small. For example, will I take an apple 5. _a pear for lunch? Will I take the bus to
35、 school today or will I walk?Others are more important. For example, will I eat 6. _ (health) food or will I eat junk food because it is 7. _ (tasty)? We make decisions like this every day. Making the wrong ones can result 8. _ unhappiness. We have to realize that the 9. _ (choose) we make can affec
36、t the rest of our lives, and it can also affect other people. Next time you decide 10. _ (waste) time in class, play a joke on someone or talk loudly at the movies, consider this: who else does your decision affect?1. 【解析】wisely。考查副词。句意: 例如, 如果我们想要明智地使用我们的钱, 我们需要谨慎购物。副词wisely修饰动词use。2. 【解析】prices。考查
37、名词复数。句意: 我们需要知道如何比较价格和质量。价格多种多样, 所以应用复数形式, 故填prices。3. 【解析】the。考查冠词。句意: 当我们购物时, 我们需要知道如何做出最好的决定。形容词最高级前面需要加定冠词the。4. 【解析】is。考查主谓一致。句意: 知道如何做出这样的决定是一种生活技能。如果我们要过上有用和幸福的生活, 我们需要这些技能。分析句子可知, 本句为一般现在时, 动名词作主语, 所以be动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is。5. 【解析】or。考查连词。句意: 例如, 我午餐吃苹果还是梨?or表示“或者, 还是”。6. 【解析】healthy。考查形容词及词形变化。句
38、意: 例如, 我吃健康食品还是因为垃圾食品味道更好而吃垃圾食品?修饰名词food, 应用形容词形式, 故填healthy。7. 【解析】tastier。考查比较级。本句是健康食品和垃圾食品的比较。所以用比较级tastier。故填tastier。8. 【解析】in。考查固定搭配。句意: 做错决定会导致不快乐。result in“导致”, 为固定短语。9. 【解析】choices。考查固定搭配。句意: 我们必须认识到, 我们所做的选择会影响我们的余生, 也会影响其他人。make a choice/choices“选择”为固定短语。分析句子可知, choices为先行词, 在后面的定语从句中作mak
39、e的宾语。10. 【解析】to waste。考查动词不定式。句意: 下次你决定在课堂上浪费时间, 开个玩笑或在电影院里大声说话时, 想想这个: 你的决定还会影响谁?decide to do sth. “决定做某事”为固定短语。故填to waste。. 概要写作阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Paperless office was first coined in 1975. Four decades later, were still chasing the paperless office dream. Take the financial industry for e
40、xample it is one of the slower industries to hug digital transformation. Many financial institutions today still send out trade confirmations by mail. I can tell you from first hand experience that going paperless is by no means impossible. The Centric Digital office is a paperless work environment
41、where all the office operations go digital, which has amazed our business partners. Actually companies need to stress the benefits of a digital culture for communications. Going paperless can save time and money. You could say goodbye to costly repairs, office supply orders, wasted employee time and
42、 so on. Besides, forbidding paper in the office forces information to be 100% digital, where you can make endless amounts of backups(备份), which easily increase transparency (透明). Not to mention, top talents want to work for digital companies. You might think the secret to a paperless company is pure
43、ly technology. Well, not really. Thanks to products like iPads, smartphones and cloud services, the ability to go paperless is highly accessible. Yet, even with all this technology, companies continue to rely on paper. Its not because they dont have access to the technology, but because theyre lacki
44、ng the politics, organizational structure and strong desire to change. In order to go paperless, companies need to change the way they think and operate. The decision needs to be made and cried out and everyone needs to work together to make it. Yes, the paperless office has been a very long time in
45、 the making-but it no longer has to be. With numerous amounts of software, services, apps and technology available today, the only thing we need to do is to make the decision to go paperless and see it through. _【参考范文】Were still in pursuit of the paperless office dream forty years after its first in
46、vention. (要点1) To reach the goal corporation should highlight the advantages of going paperless in economy, efficiency and attracting talented staff. (要点 2)They should also be determined to shift their politics and operation. (要点3) Therefore, it wont be long before we attain the goal if we make up our minds. (要点4)关闭Word文档返回原板块
