1、Unit 5Revealing naturePart 1Starting out &Understanding ideas基础过关练.单词拼写1.Analysis of (样本) taken from some areas in this country shows that the virus has mutated and become more infectious.2.Some(种子)fell along the footpath, and the birds came and ate them up.3.The(嫌疑犯)was arrested unawares, without t
2、he chance to dispose of the evidence.4.Stone tools that were unearthed there indicate the early cultural capabilities of our human (祖先).5.The time we spent together is now a dmemory. 6.The company, New England Electric, burns coal to g power.用方框内短语的适当形式填空answer the call;in question;be crowded with;a
3、dapt to;a variety of1.The island offers such scenery and wildlife that it attracts many tourists.2.The policy of delaying retirement that is is attracting a lot of attention. 3.The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to the change. 4.The pool where I swim usually seniors working
4、 out.5.Non-local employees in areas at high risk of the epidemic to stay where they are to celebrate their Spring Festival.单句语法填空1.(date) back to the Qin Dynasty, the traditional crosstalk shows have made people all over the country roar with laughter for centuries.2.Research findings seem (indicate
5、) that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as a discovery by a great scientist. 3.It was in a small village in the south he spent his childhood and met his lifelong friendthe local schoolmaster.4.I think itsdisgrace that the country simply passes the buck. .完成句子1.直到1911年人们才
6、发现了第一种维生素。It was 1911the first vitamin was identified.2.毫无疑问,我在学校学的急救技巧救了他的命。 the first aid skill I learnt in school saved his life.3.这本书非常有趣,我们都喜欢读。This is that we all enjoy reading it.课文语法填空Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on t
7、he ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance1(study) various living things in their natural environments. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar2each other.At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and3(change) since. B
8、ut Darwin began to think differently. When the ship reached the Galapagos Islands in 1835, it4(be) the birds that interested him the most. He suspected that the different 5(finch) had evolved from a common ancestor, 6had arrived on the islands a long time before.It was a 7(complete) new ideaa theory
9、 of evolution. Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species. Many people refused to believe that living things, 8(include) humans, had evolved from lower forms of life. But Darwins scientific studies were so convincing 9more and more people started to believe his theory.Today,
10、the book 10 (regard) as one of the most important works ever written.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.能力提升练.阅读理解A(2021湖北四地六校高二上联考,)A recent study by a team of researchers from Canada has uncovered that birds living in cities are not just better at problem-solving and more skilled in tasks than those in
11、the countryside, but they also have stronger immune(有免疫力的)systems!The research, headed by Audet, a Ph.D. student at a university, examined the cognitive(认知的) abilities of city birds with those of their country cousins. The team did their study in Barbados because it needs a broad range of situations
12、: from crowded modern cities to the countryside. They began by catching some birds from various parts of the Caribbean island. The birds were then given several tasks. Some tested their associative learning skills while others were to observe how creative they were at problem-solving. While country
13、birds are also much braver, the city birds appeared to be more careful when facing unfamiliar things.The results did not surprise the researchers. After all, birds living in cities and towns face many more challenges and dangers than those that live in the country. But as it turns out, the city bird
14、s prove to have better immunity and are therefore more resistant to diseases than those living in the countryside. While additional studies need to be done to see if this is true for all city birds, there is no reason to believe that the results would be any different.Though this is the first time r
15、esearchers have compared the cognitive abilities of birds living in different conditions, it is not the first study to examine the differences between city and country birds. Previous research has shown that blackbirds in cites are similarly more careful than country blackbirds, and that sparrows an
16、d blackbirds living in cities sing at a higher frequency to be heard over city noise and to make up for sound distortion(失真)caused by tall buildings. If only birds knew the advantages of living among humans, maybe more would move to cities!1.How are city birds different from country birds according
17、to the research?A.City birds have a weaker immune system because of air pollution.B.City birds are braver when facing unfamiliar things or situations.C.Country birds are less skilled at jobs requiring creation and skills.D.Country birds have a wider range of challenges to survive.2.What conclusion d
18、oes the author think further studies will draw?A.Country birds can be taught the advantage of living in cities.B.City birds are more resistant to diseases than country birds.C.City birds are more likely to get sick than country birds.D.Country birds are more careful in dangerous situations.3.Why do
19、city birds sing more frequently than country birds?A.Therere more dangers in cities for them.B.The birds live far away from each other.C.There are a wider range of situations.D.Theres too much noise in the city.4.What is the passage mainly about?A.Research into birds immune system and learning power
20、.B.City birds are smarter and healthier than country birds.C.What a Ph.D. student has done has surprised the world.D.The necessity and ways to move country birds to cities.B(2020湖南湘潭高一模拟,)A dragonfly barely an inch and a half long appears to be the animal worlds most productive long distance travele
21、rflying thousands of miles over oceans as it migrates from continent to continentaccording to the newly published research.Biologists who led the study say the evidence is in the genes. They found that populations of this dragonfly, called Pantala flavescens, in Texas, eastern Canada, Japan, Korea,
22、India, and South America, have genes so similar that there is only one likely explanation. Apparentlysomehowthese insects are traveling distances that are extraordinarily long for their small size, breeding (繁殖) with each other, and creating a common worldwide gene pool.But how do insects from diffe
23、rent continents manage to meet and hook up? Ware says it appears to be the way their bodies have evolved. “These dragonflies have adaptation such as increased surface areas on their wings that enable them to use the wind to carry them.”Dragonflies, in fact, have already been observed crossing the In
24、dian Ocean from Asia to Africa. “They are following the weather,” says Daniel Troast, who analyzed the DNA samples in Wares lab. “Theyre going from India where its the dry season to Africa where its the wet season, and apparently they do it once a year.”Wetness is a must for Pantala to reproduce, an
25、d that, says Ware, is why these insects would be driven to even attempt such a dangerous trip, which she calls a “kind of suicide”. The species depends on it. While many will die on the route, as long as enough make it, the species survives.For the moment, the details of this extraordinary insect tr
26、avel are a best educated guess. Much more work is needed to bring many loose ends together. Ware and Troast hope that scientists can work on plotting those routes.5.What proves Pantala flavescens are the worlds longest-distance flyers?A.Scientists have tracked the dragonfly across the world.B.There
27、are many Pantala flavescens in various continents.C.The same dragonfly was found both in Asia and America.D.Pantala flavescens in different continents have similar genes.6.What helps Pantala flavescens fly over so long distance?A.Their special body shape.B.Their ability to use wind.C.Their small and
28、 light body.D.Their large and strong wings.7.What is necessary for Pantala flavescens to reproduce?A.Damp weather.B.Enough sunshine.C.Dry environment.D.Warm nests.8.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A.The weather.B.The insect.C.The wind.D.The trip.语法填空(2021山东泰安一中高一下月考,)Polar
29、 bears are suffering in a1 (warm)world than ever before.Polar bears live in environments too cold for most animals. For most of the year, they live and hunt on the Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared 2(they) for the cold conditions. But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger 3 threatens the o
30、nly home they know. The polar bears world is melting. Studies show that the polar ice 4 (decline) by 9.8% every 10 years since 1978. Now about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend 5 the sea ice for their 6 (survive). “The sea ice is more than just this platform that th
31、e bears walk over,” says Andrew Derocher, 7 scientist who studies North American polar bear populations. “Without it, they cant exist.” Some 8 (melt) and refreezing of the polar ice is natural. But in a warmer world, these cycles speed up, and bears have less time 9 (hunt). Normally, they have three
32、 months in the spring when they gain more weight. The extra fat will be used, when the bears are not 10 (active) hunting. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.Part 1Starting out & Understanding ideas基础过关练.1.samples2.seeds3.suspect4.ancestors5.distant6.generate.1.a variety of2.in question3.adapt to4.is;crowd
33、ed with5.answer the call.1.Dating考查非谓语动词。句意:传统的相声表演可以追溯到秦朝,已使全国人民放声大笑了几个世纪了。此处Dating back to.作状语。date back to意为“追溯到”,没有被动形式。2.to indicate考查非谓语动词。句意:研究结果似乎表明,伟大艺术家的创作和伟大科学家的发现一样是永恒的成就。seem后面跟动词不定式作宾语。3.that考查强调句型。句意:就是在南方的一个小村庄里,他度过了童年,并且遇到了他终生的好友那个当地的教师。此处强调地点状语in a small village in the south,故填that
34、。易错分析此题容易误填where, 把该句判断为定语从句。判断是不是强调句型,可以把it is/was 和that去掉,能够还原为一个完整句子时,该句就是强调句型。4.a考查冠词。句意:我认为这个国家直接推卸责任是一种耻辱。be a disgrace是耻辱,是丢脸的事,故填a。.1.not until; that2.There is no doubt that3.such an interesting book/so interesting a book.1.to study考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式短语作后置定语,修饰chance。很多特定的名词后可用不定式作定语,这样的名词有:way
35、、time、reason、chance、opportunity、need、wish、effort、right、ambition等。2.to考查介词。be similar to意为“和类似”。3.hadnt changed考查时态。句意:那时,人们认为所有的物种同时出现在地球上并且此后没有变过。根据句意和since判断用过去完成时的否定形式。4.was考查时态和强调句型。此处为强调句型。陈述句的强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。根据前后文可知为一般过去时态。易错分析此题容易受空格后面的birds影响,而误填we
36、re。在强调句型中,无论强调部分为单数还是复数,be动词的选择只有is或was。5.finches考查名词复数。由空前the different可知用名词复数。6.which考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句,指代先行词a common ancestor,指物,故填which。pletely考查副词。此处用副词修饰形容词new。8.including考查介词。此处including意为“包括在内”。9.that考查连词。此处为so.that.结构。10.is regarded考查动词的语态。句意: 今天,这本书被认为是有史以来最重要的著作之一。 be regarded as意思为“被认为是”
37、。能力提升练. A语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明,与生活在乡村的鸟相比,生活在城市的鸟更能创造性地解决问题,具有更强的免疫力。1.C细节理解题。第一、二段谈到这项研究对比了城里的鸟与农村的鸟的不同之处,发现城市的鸟比农村的鸟更会解决问题,更有创造性,免疫力更强,但是面对不熟悉的环境时更小心(careful) 而不是更勇敢(braver), 所以B项错误。A项中的weaker 和D项中的Country birds 错误。根据第一段的信息可知选C项,在需要创造性和技能的工作方面,农村的鸟不如城市的鸟强。2.B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But as it turns out, the ci
38、ty birds prove to.there is no reason to believe that the results would be any different.”可知,接下来的研究是要证明是否城市里的鸟都比乡村的鸟免疫力更强、抵抗疾病的能力更强。A项“乡下的鸟可以学到住在城市的好处”、C项“城市的鸟比乡村的鸟更容易生病”以及D项“乡村的鸟在危险的情况下会更加小心”都不符合文意。故选B项。3.D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“sing at a higher frequency to be heard over city noise”可知,城市里的鸟啼叫的频率更多一些,才能压倒城市
39、噪音而被其他鸟听见。故选D项。4.B主旨大意题。全文介绍了针对城市的鸟和乡村的鸟所作的研究,结果发现城市的鸟比乡村的鸟更能创造性地解决问题,且免疫力更强。A项“研究鸟类的免疫系统和学习能力”、C项“一个博士生的成就震惊了世界”以及D项“把乡下的鸟移到城市的必要性和方法”都不符合文意。故选B项。【高频词汇】1.associative adj.联想的,结合的2.observe v.观察3.resistant adj.抵抗的4.frequency n.频率5.make up for 弥补长难句分析原句While additional studies need to be done to see if
40、 this is true for all city birds, there is no reason to believe that the results would be any different.分析该句中的While引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”,相当于Although/Though。if在此处意为“是否”,引导宾语从句,作see的宾语。that引导宾语从句,作believe的宾语。句意虽然还需要做额外的研究来弄清这是否适用于所有城市的鸟,但没有理由相信结果会有任何不同。B语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一种长途飞行的蜻蜓Pantala flavescens。这种蜻蜓冒险长途飞行
41、的原因是它的繁殖需要湿润的气候。5.D推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,领导这项研究的生物学家说基因就是证据。Pantala flavescens蜻蜓在不同的洲有可能留有后代,才会有相似的基因。反过来,在不同的洲有共同的基因,证明了它们曾飞到过那儿,也就证明了这种蜻蜓是长途飞行者。6.B推理判断题。根据第三段中的These dragonflies have adaptation such as increased surface areas on their wings that enable them to use the wind to carry them.可知这些蜻蜓适应性强,比如翅膀上
42、表面积的增加,使它们能够利用风来飞行。故B项(运用风的能力)正确。7.A细节理解题。根据第五段首句中的Wetness is a must for Pantala to reproduce可知这种蜻蜓的繁殖需要湿润的气候。8.D推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知,对于这种昆虫来说,这种危险的旅行是自杀式行为。虽然许多昆虫会死在途中,但这种物种依靠这种旅行生存下来。从后面一句While many will die on the route, as long as enough make it, the species survives.可知,it指的是上文的危险旅行。【高频词汇】1.barely ad
43、v.仅仅;刚刚;勉强可能2.migrate v.(随季节变化)迁徙;移居;迁移3.apparently adv.显然;据所知;看来4.analyze v.分析5.depend on依赖;取决于6.plot v.(在地图上)画出,标出;绘制(图表)长难句分析原句A dragonfly barely an inch and a half long appears to be the animal worlds most productive long distance travelerflying thousands of miles over oceans as it migrates from
44、 continent to continentaccording to the newly published research.分析此句主干是 A dragonfly appears to be the animal worlds most productive long distance traveler。 flying thousands of miles over oceans as it migrates from continent to continent为现在分词作状语,里面含有as引导的时间状语从句。 句意根据这项最新公布的研究一只仅有一英寸半长的蜻蜓似乎是动物界最具生产力的
45、长途旅行者在从大陆迁徙到大陆的过程中,它在海洋上空飞行数千英里。.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。北极熊生活在寒冷的北极,但是它们生活的地方正在慢慢融化。研究显示,自1978年以来,极地冰每10年减少9.8%。科学家们认为,如果没有冰,北极熊将无法生存。1.warmer考查形容词的比较级。句意:北极熊在一个比以往任何时候都温暖的世界里受苦。修饰名词 world,用形容词,由后面的than可知,应用比较级 warmer。2.them考查代词。句意:大自然已使它们为寒冷的环境做好准备。设空处作prepared的宾语,指前面提到的Polar bears,故填them。3.that/which考查定语从句。
46、句意:但对于威胁到它们唯一的家园的危险,北极熊毫无准备。设空处引导定语从句,且先行词在从句中作主语,指物,故用that或which。4.has declined考查动词的时态。句意:研究表明,自1978年以来,极地冰层每10年减少9.8%。由since 1978可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语是the polar ice,故填has declined。5.on/upon考查介词。句意:北极熊依靠海冰生存。depend on/upon意为“依靠,依赖”,是固定搭配。6.survival考查名词。前面有形容词性物主代词their修饰,故用名词survival。7.a考查冠词。句意:研究北美北极熊数量
47、的科学家Andrew Derocher说:“海冰不仅仅是北极熊行走的平台,没有它,它们就无法生存。”此处泛指“一个科学家”,scientist以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。8.melting考查非谓语动词。句意:一些极地冰层融化和重新冻结是自然现象。and连接两个并列成分,由refreezing可知,用melting。9.to hunt考查非谓语动词。句意:但在一个更温暖的世界,这些周期加速,北极熊有更少的时间捕猎。此处表示“北极熊捕猎的时间更少”,故用不定式作定语。10.actively考查副词。句意:多余的脂肪将在北极熊不积极捕猎时被使用。修饰are not hunting,作状语,意为“积极地”,用副词。【高频词汇】1.suffer v.受苦,受难2.threaten v.威胁3.platform n.平台4.speed up 加速5.normally adv.通常;正常情况下
