1、基础预习.重点单词1音意记忆(1)/sIstm/system(n.)系统；体系；制度(2)/IrI/theory(n.)学说；理论(3)/lb/globe(n.)球体，地球仪；地球(4)/tmsfI/atmosphere(adj.)大气层；气氛(5)/fndmentl/fundamental(adj.)基本的，基础的(6)/teIn/chain(n.)链子；连锁；锁链(7)/mltIplaI/multiply(v.)繁殖；增加；乘(8)/s/thus(adv.)因此；于是2形意记忆(1)religion(n.)宗教，宗教信仰religious(adj.)宗教上(2)violent(adj.)猛
2、烈的，激烈的；强暴的violence(n.)暴力violently(adv.)猛烈地，激烈地(3)unlike(prep.)不同，不像like(prep.)像(4)harmful(adj.)有害的harm(n.)伤害，损害(5)exist(vi.)存在，生存existence(n.)存在(6)puzzle(v.&n)使迷惑；难题；谜puzzled(adj.)迷惑的puzzling(adj.)令人迷惑的.重点短语1in time 及时；终于2lay eggs 下蛋3give birth to产生；分娩4in ones turn 轮到某人；接着5prevent.from阻止，制止6be funda
3、mental to对是基本的/必需的7block out挡住(光线).重点句型1地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。The earth became so_violent_that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.(so.that.如此以至于)2喷出的烈火与岩石及时产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。They were_in_time_to_produce carbon dioxide,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases,which
4、were_to_make the earths atmosphere.(be in time to do sth.及时做某事；be to do sth.常用来表示不可避免将要发生的事情)3水对于生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。It_was_not_immediately_obvious_that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.(It is obvious that.很明显)4很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。What_many_scientists_be
5、lieve_is_that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.(what主语从句is that表语从句)5另一些，被称作两栖动物，既可以生活在水中，也能生活在陆地上。Others,called_amphibians,_were able to live on land as_well_asin the water.(过去分词短语作插入语；as well as连接两个平行结构)语篇领悟.根据课文内容，选择最佳答
6、案1What began to appear on the earths surface when it cooled down?AWater.BGases.CAcids.DCarbon.A 2From the last paragraph we can infer that the author is _.Aconfident BsadCconcerned DangryC 3What does the word“they”refer to in the sentences“It exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were in time to p
7、roduce carbon,nitrogen,water vapour and.”？APlanets.BStars.CGases.DFire and rock.D 4Which is the right order of the development of life?ASmall clever animalsshellfishdinosaursmammals.BShellfishdinosaurssmall clever animalsmammals.CShellfishdinosaursmammalssmall clever animals.DDinosaursshellfishmamma
8、lssmall clever animals.C5Why were mammals different from other life forms?ABecause they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.BBecause they produced young generally by laying eggs.CBecause they were able to live on land as well as in the water.DBecause they live on grass.A.
9、根据课文内容，完成语法填空According to a widely accepted theory,the universe began with 1._“Big Bang”.For several billion years after the“Big Bang”，the earth was still just a cloud of dust,2._ settled into a solid globe.The earth became very violent,3._ later it produced many gases,which were 4._(make)the earths
10、 atmosphere.Water had also appeared on the earth,which allowed the earth to dissolve 5._(harm)gases and acids into the oceans and seas.Then life began to develop.a which and to makeharmful Nobody understood plants were the start of changes.They 6._(multiply)and filled the oceans and seas.Small land
11、animals appeared and produced young generally by 7._(lay)eggs.After that,some huge animals existed 8._ the earth for more than 140 million years.Mammals were different from all life forms in the past;they gave birth to the young baby animals and produced milk to feed 9._.They are putting too much ca
12、rbon dioxide into the atmosphere,which prevents heat from 10._(escape)from the earth into space.multiplied laying on them escaping重点单词1violent adj.猛烈的，激烈的；强暴的The violent winds buried the village in sand.狂风把村子掩埋在沙中。The struggle became more and more violent.斗争变得越来越激烈了。【归纳拓展】1violently adv.猛烈地；凶狠地2viol
13、ence n.暴力，暴行；感情强烈violence against暴力对抗take.by violence抢夺with violence猛烈地，强有力地The Emperor,Zhu Di,took the power from his nephew by violence.皇帝朱棣抢夺了他侄子的权力。The soldiers attacked the city with violence.战士们猛烈攻击这座城市。Tom was in violent pain.As a result,he behaved violently and treated everything with violen
14、ce.汤姆处于极度痛苦之中，因此他表现得很粗暴，一切都以暴力对待。【即学活用】(1)句型转换They often argue with each other,sometimes violently.They often argue with each other,sometimes _.(2)用violent的适当形式填空Last night,the wind blew with _，and a tree was torn up _.Another _ wind is reported to come next week.昨晚，风刮得很猛，一棵树被猛烈地连根拔起。据报道下周会有另一股强风来袭。
15、with violenceviolenceviolentlyviolent2unlike prep.不同；不像Water had also appeared on other plants like Mars but,unlike the earth,it had disappeared later.在火星等其他行星上也出现了水，但不像在地球上一样，这些水后来消失了。Its unlike him to be late;hes usually on time.他不是会迟到的那种人；他通常很准时。A serious drought,like any other natural disaster,c
16、an do great damage to human beings.严重干旱，像其他任何自然灾害一样，会对人类造成很大伤害。【归纳拓展】1Its unlike sb.to do sth.做不像某人平常的样子2like prep.像，类似反义词unlike v.喜欢反义词dislike3unlike prep.不同；相异4unlikely adj.不大可能发生的；未必会发生的【易混辨析】unlike是介词，也是形容词，表示“与不同”dislike是动词，表示“不喜欢”【即学活用】选词填空(dislike/unlike/like)(1)Its _ you not to say hello;wha
17、ts the matter with you?(2)He _ drinking,but he _ smoking.unlike likesdislikes3harmful adj.有害的What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。The haze,which ha
18、ppened the other day,is harmful to our health.几天前发生的雾霾有害于我们的健康。【归纳拓展】1be harmful to对有害2harmless adj.无害的，不致伤的be harmless to对无害的3harm n.伤害do harm to sb./do sb.harm对某人有害Although the owner of this kind of milk powder has said that the milk powder is harmless again and again,it will do great harm to huma
19、n health in fact.尽管奶粉的主人反复说这种奶粉无害，但是事实上它对人类健康会带来极大的危害。【巧学助记】巧记harm家族【即学活用】一句多译到处扔垃圾通常有害于我们的生活环境。A:Throwing rubbish about usually _ our living environment.B:Throwing rubbish about usually _ our living environment.答案：does harm to;is harmful to4.chain n链子，连锁，锁链This produced a chain reaction,which made
20、it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。He is in a poor taste with a thick gold chain round his neck.他戴着一条粗粗的金链子，显得俗气。The criminals were in chains and brought to the court.罪犯们带着镣铐被带进了法庭。He chained the dog for the night.晚上他用铁链把狗拴起来。【归纳拓展】in chains被囚禁，在囚禁中a chain of一连串的，一系列的chain stores
21、连锁店chain vt.用锁链拴住【即学活用】完成句子(1)_ in our town.我们乡镇发生了一连串的变化。(2)The doors _.那些门总是用锁链锁着。答案：(1)A chain of changes have taken place(2)were always chained5exist vi.存在；生存They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也下蛋，在地球上存在了14 000多万年。Strange ideas existed in his mind.他脑子里有
22、一些奇怪的想法。The rabbit exists on vegetable food.兔子靠植物性食物生活。These animals long came into existence on the earth.这些动物很早就在地球上存在了。【归纳拓展】1exist in存在于中exist on靠生活/生存There exists.某地有2existence n.存在；生活in existence现存的，现有的come into existence/being产生；成立；开始存在【即学活用】用exist的适当用法完成句子(1)The patient became seriously ill
23、last week,and he has had to _ milk ever since.上周这位病人生了重病，从此他只能靠喝牛奶活命。(2)_ some danger,but knowledge can help human beings to survive.尽管存有危险，但是知识能够帮助人类存活下来。句型转换(3)地球在很久之前就开始存在于宇宙之中。The earth began to exist in the universe long time ago.The earth _ in the universe long time ago.exist onThere existscam
24、e into existence6puzzle n谜；难题 vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球上的生命是如何起源的是科学家们最难以解答的问题之一。Im in a puzzle as to what to do next.对于下一步该做什么我也不知道。These scientists have been puzzled about how to solve the environmental problem.科学
25、家们一直苦思如何解决这个环境问题。The students over there are puzzled about the puzzling question.在那里的学生们正对这个令人迷惑的问题感到困惑。【归纳拓展】1be in a puzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好2puzzle about/over冥思苦想，苦苦思索3puzzling adj.令人迷惑的4puzzled adj.迷惑的be puzzled about对迷惑不解【即学活用】完成句子(1)The student _ what to do next.这个学生对下一步做什么伤透了脑筋。(2)Their reason for d
26、oing that is still _ me.他们为什么做那件事仍然让我费解。答案：(1)was puzzled about(2)a puzzle to重点短语1in time及时，终于They were in time to produce carbon dioxide,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases,which were to make the earths atmosphere.喷出的烈火与岩石及时产生了二氧化碳、氮水、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。Will I be in time for the train?我赶得上那趟火车吗
27、？【归纳拓展】in time to do sth.及时做in time for sth.及时做【想一想】思考下列time短语的汉语意义。for the first time _ahead of time _all the time _at the same time _at a time _in no time _from time to time _at one time _at times _首次提前一直，始终同时；然而依次；逐一；每次立刻，马上偶尔，间或曾经，一度有时，偶尔【即学活用】完成句子(1)We all wish that his dream _.我们都希望他的梦想总有一天会实现
28、。一句多译(2)尽管只剩下一分钟，但是我仍然赶上了听他的演讲。aEven though there was only one minute left,I _.bEven though there was only one minute left,I _.答案：(1)would come true in time(2)a.was in time for his lecture bwas in time to listen to his lecture2in ones turn轮到某人；接着Thus they have,in their turn,become the most important
29、 animals on the planet.它们的时代到来了，因此它们成了这个行星上最重要的动物。The students took turns to clean up their classroom.学生们轮流打扫教室。We did the work by turns.我们轮流做这项工作。【名师点津】by turns是“交替”“轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行，如表示“按顺序”则应该用in turn。【归纳拓展】in turn依次，轮流，逐个；相应地，转而take turns in sth./take turns to do sth.轮流做某事Its ones turn t
30、o do sth.轮到某人做某事by turns轮流，交替【即学活用】判断正误(T/F)他们在会上依次发言。(1)They spoke by turns at the meeting.()(2)They spoke in turn at the meeting.()他们一个接一个地按顺序上了汽车。(3)They got on the bus by turns.()(4)They got on the bus in turn.()F T F T3prevent.from阻止；制止They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmospher
31、e,which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.它们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这就使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中去。The rain prevented us(from)starting on a trip.这场雨阻碍了我们出发去旅游。A possible war was finally prevented from breaking out with their effort.一场可能的战争由于他们的努力而避免了。The farmers protected wheat from heavy rain with
32、 rain clothes.农民们用雨布遮住小麦以防被大雨浇坏。【即学活用】单句改错(1)Nothing could prevent him to sail round the world alone._(2)The plan can be prevented being carried out._答案：(1)to sailfrom sailing/sailing(2)being carried outfrom being carried out经典句型1The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape wo
33、uld last or not.地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。【句式分析】1此句为主从复合句。句中that引导结果状语从句。在结果状语从句中it作形式主语，whether.or not为一个从句，在句中作真正的主语。2so.that.“如此以至于”；It is/was not clear that从句“不知道；不清楚”。The scenery here is so beautiful that it attracts many tourists from the whole world every year.这里的风景如此的美，每年都吸引很多来自世界各地的游客。The
34、 story is so moving that the readers are moved on reading it.这个故事非常感人，一读到它读者们都被感动了。【即学活用】仿写句子(1)这个路段很拥挤，那天下午他们能否通过那个路段还不确定。The traffic in this part of the street was _ they could go through it or not that afternoon.(2)那时他们太忙了，周末能否聚会不清楚。They were _ they could get together or not that weekend.答案：(1)so
35、 heavy that it was not certain whether(2)so busy then that it was not clear whether2What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.直到45亿38亿年前，这团尘埃才逐渐稳定下来变成了固态的球体，它将成为什么仍然不得而知。【句式分析】1此句为主从复合句。2句中what引导的从句在句中作主语，what在从句中充当动词beco
36、me的宾语。when引导了定语从句，when在从句中充当时间状语。3主语从句中was to become是“be不定式”结构，在句中表示将要发生的动作。What the boy is to be is hard to imagine.很难想象男孩将来会做什么。His plan in the following year is to go abroad to get further education.他下一年的计划是要去国外深造。【即学活用】仿写句子(1)他将来要做什么还不确定，直到12年前他升入初中才确定。_ was uncertain until _ he was in Junior Sc
37、hool.(2)他们计划到哪里还没有定下来，直到一周前他们为暑假做准备时才定下来。_ was uncertain until _ they were preparing for their summer holiday.答案：(1)What he was to do;12 years ago when(2)When they were to travel;one week ago when3Others,called amphibians,were able to live on land as well as in the water.另一些，被称作两栖动物，既可以生活在水中，也能生活在陆地
38、上。【句式分析】1此句为复杂的简单句。2called amphibians为过去分词短语作others的定语。3as well as既也。Those buildings,built in the 1920s,still look strong and modern.建于20世纪20年代的那些楼群看起来仍然结实和现代。Those animals usually like eating vegetables as well as some tree leaves.那些动物通常喜欢吃一些树叶还有蔬菜。【即学活用】仿写句子(1)这位年轻人，被叫作约翰，既喜欢游泳也喜欢爬山。The young man,
39、_，likes climbing mountains _.(2)这些树，被叫作松树，既可以抵御强风又可以抵御寒冷。These trees,_，can stand the coldness _.答案：(1)called John;as well as swimming(2)called pine trees;as well as the strong wind4So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be sol
40、ved.因此，在未来几百万年地球上生命能否继续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。【句式分析】1此句为主从复合句。2句中第一个whether引导主语从句，第二个whether引导宾语从句。3depend on取决于。Whether she will go abroad hasnt been decided.她是否出国还未做决定。How we will spend our holiday tomorrow depends on whether the weather will be good.明天我们将如何度假取决于天气是否晴朗。【即学活用】仿写句子(1)他能否继续在这家公司工作看他是否能抓住这个机会
41、。_ in the company _ he can grasp the chance.(2)工程是否继续取决于他们能否筹集到足够的钱。Whether the project will continue _.答案：(1)Whether he will continue to work;depends on whether(2)depends on whether they can collect enough money新思维随堂自测.用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空block out，as a result，easy-going，give birth to，shocked，dozens
42、of，as well as，exist，solar system，lie1She doesnt speak _ her friends,but her written work is excellent.2_ this unimportant detail at the top of your picture.3He is an _ person,but goes with the flow(随大流)4There are eight planets in _ spinning around the sun.5Hes got _ suits but not one of them is pres
43、entable.as well as Block outeasy-goingsolar systemdozens of 6I am very uncomfortable _ on this hard,cold floor.7Mary has _ a baby boy on June 30.8He didnt work hard,_，he failed his exam.9The little boy was _ by the fall,but he was strong enough to get up and try again.10Man cannot _ without air.lyin
44、g given birth toas a resultshockedexist.用括号中的提示翻译句子1请把杯子里装满水。(fill.with.)2我们应该想办法防止有害气体的蔓延。(prevent.from)3在未来的千百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。(depend on)4有些奇怪的动物会生蛋，但又给它的幼崽喂奶。(lay eggs)5当对它们有害的动物消失时，哺乳动物便快速繁殖。(multiply)答案：1Please fill the cup with water.2We should find some ways to prevent the harmful gas from spreading.3Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.4Some strange animals lay eggs but feed their young on their milk.5The mammals multiplied fast when the animals harmful to them disappeared.
