1、专题01 句子结构之主谓结构重点：1. 浏览历年高考试题中所使用过的经典例句，精准理解句子含义， 为阅读理解做准备。 2. 体会英汉之间的差异，掌握英语的逻辑思维，能够准确判断使用不及物动词，做到精准翻译，为英文写作服务。一：主谓结构：表示主语的某种动作，状态，特征。The dog died.( vi) 狗死了。有时候为了让句子意思含义表达的更丰富，会加一些修饰成分，让句子变得丰满，但是主干结构是永远不变的，即仍就是“主谓”结构。比如上面的句子，可以对主语部分修饰the lovely dog那只可爱的狗the lovely black dog 那只可爱的黑狗the lovely black f
2、ierce dog 那只可爱又厉害的黑狗the lovely fierce black dog raised by the Jims 那只吉姆家所养的可爱又厉害的黑狗对主语进行修饰以后，我们还可以对谓语进行装饰，died painfully, 痛苦地 死了 died painfully from being run over 因为被碾压痛苦地死了对于整个句子，我们仍然也可以进行意思补充，如：last night, on the road所以上面简单的主谓结构也可以变成较长的、较复杂的主谓。例1： Last night (the lovely fierce black) dog (raised
3、by the Jims) died painfully from being run 时间状语 定语 主语 定语 谓语 程度状语 原因状语over on the road. 地点状语昨晚，吉姆家那只可爱又厉害的黑狗，因为车轧，痛苦地死在了马路上。本句子交代了时间地点原因以及被描述对象的主体特征，但无论怎么长，它依然是一个主谓结构。既然短小的信息可以融入到句子之中，那么也可以加一些从句，但是仍然不会影响句子主体结构。对于整个句子的修饰，主要是增加状语(时间，地点，原因，目的，结果,方式)。Last night the lovely fierce black dog raised by the J
4、ims died painfully from being run over on the ground as the car was running so fast that the dog had no time to escape. 原因状语从句。例2： The bus took off finally. 最后The bus took off at 7 oclock yesterday evening. The bus took off at 7 oclock yesterday evening from the bus station. 地点The bus left off at 7
5、oclock yesterday evening from the bus station for the new cinema in the city center to deliver the people there for the new film.目的地/目的状语 以上的解释，是要告诉我们，主谓结构的句子不一定非要是短句，形式上是可以很长的。在我们分析的过程中，要学会分级划分成份，先顾整体，再分析从句。二、主谓结构在英语中由不及物动词来完成，常见不及物动词：1表示自然现象的词汇，基本上属于不及物动词，所谓自然现象，指的是什么东西“出现”，“消失”，“生老病死”等等。go, come,
6、 die, fall(降落), exist(存在), rise(上升), set(下降), arrive(到达), occur(出现), take place(发生), happen(发生), break out(发生), turn up(露头、出现), show up(出现), come up(过来，出现), appear(出现), disappear(消失), fade(退色、消失)burst(爆发), belong(属于), differ(不同), last(持续), go on(继续), come back/out/about/in/to, grow(生长)The bus left.句
7、子不完整，有点干巴。The last bus left. The last No.1 bus left. The last damaged/ ruined No.1 bus left.The last damaged No.1 bus full of people went. (最后一辆装满了人的破破烂烂的1路)汽车走了。The last damaged No. 1 bus left, full of people. (最后一辆破破烂烂的一路)汽车走了，。翻译：1).电梯上升了。(rise) The elevator rose. 2).公交车车开过来了！(come up)The bus com
8、es up!3). 7月8号杭州7路车发生恐怖袭击事件(a terrorist attack)。A terrorist attack happened on the No. 7 bus on July 8.4). A和B不一样(differ)A and B differe.= A differs from B.5). 这是我的房子。(belong) The house belongs to me. 2表示人的思想情感活动个别的行为活动的词汇，例如：agree, listen, look, sit, stand, argue(争论)with somebody on something , com
9、ment(评价)about/on, communicate(交流)with somebody, dive(扎猛子)in/into, tour(旅行)around, wake up(苏醒), show off(炫耀), get up(起床)。小男孩静静地站着。The little stands still (quietly).对于此事我和他观点不一。I dont agree with him on the matter. 今早我起的很早。This morning I got up very early. 她16岁的时候她就环游了世界。By she was 16, she had toured a
10、round the world. (不要觉得你可以带宾语，那是介词帮的忙！)3表示一些事物的物理性质的词。sell, cut, wear(穿), run(跑，运转), tear(撕裂), open(打开，开门), wash(洗), work(工作，运转), depend/rely(依赖，依靠),drive, shut, write等词汇后面常常加easily, well, smoothly, nicely, perfectly, badly等副词连用。门怎么也不开。The door wont open. 车跑得很快。 The car runs fast.这双鞋穿着很舒服。The pair of
11、 shoes wears comfortably. 这种布料很好洗。The cloth washes easily. 网络连接很给力。 The Internet links well. 4. 复杂化的主谓结构：先入为主-如果句子特别长，先告诉人家你用的是什么结构。. （主语从句）It that he had been telling a pack of lies come out.It occurred that the headmaster took his pen by mistake. (主语从句)It so happened that the heavy rain washed off
12、 the bridge. （主语从句）Word came that Brazil won the world match. （主语同位语） 消息传来，巴西队赢得比赛。三、附加练习：1. 在法定假日，通常执行周日的作息时间。（operate）2. 请记住，为了能更好的理解你的朋友，是你要撑住、阅读、反复阅读。(grow, read, and reread)3. 正在商场里闲逛,肩上扛着好多东西。(walk around)4. 无论什么时候到一个新地方，你都要找准火警警报器的位置。(move)5. 在一个晴朗的周六，我和Sally驱车到了那个博物馆。(drive)6. 我对家的情感在那之后发生了变
13、化。（change）7. Jack正在实验室中工作突然停电了。(occur)8. 带着礼品信息的蛋糕会及时在你生日的时候送达.（arrive） 9. 当她知道自己被解雇的时候，她脸上的微笑僵住了。（freeze）10. 尽管他听到了门铃，他也没马回应。（respond）11. 如果不是因为Rachel Carson，环保运动也许现在都不存在。（exist）12. Jenny到9:30才出现，一脸疲惫。(show up)13. 因为人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老人需要照顾。（increase）14. 一小时以后，我突然的顿悟，脑子里有了清晰的解决方案。（wake up）15. 野生动物保护、
14、自然公园的建立和旅游业的发展应该协同发展。（go hand in hand）16. 人们意识到煤和天然气的供给不会持续到永远。(last)17. 很多人和他们年长的父母居住；更多的成年子女也正在返到家里，假如他们要是已经离开的话。（live, return）参考译文：1. On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates.2. But remember, its you that have to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends
15、.3. I was walking around with a lot on my shoulders in the market.4. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm.5. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum.6. My feelings about my home changed after that.7. Jack was working in the lab when suddenly the power c
16、utoccurred.8. The cake with your gift message will arrive in time on your birthday.9. Her smile froze in horrors when she knew she was fired.10. Although he heard the doorbell, he didnt respond quickly.11. If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.12. Jenny did
17、nt show up until 9:30, a look of tiredness on her face.13. As the average age of the populationincreases, there are more and more old people to care for.14. An hour later, Iwokeup suddenly with the solution clearly in mind.15. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks should go hand in hand with tourist development.16. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever.17. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left.
