1、Unit 6 Space and beyondDeveloping ideas. 单句语法填空1. Glass is used to make spectacles, microscopes and telescopes(telescope). 2. The boy was watching a mirror angled(angle) to reflect light from a window. 3. We still dont know how many galaxies (galaxy)there are in the universe. 4. We could have flashe
2、d by one another like two pieces of cosmic(cosmos) dust. 5. The mission could conceivably(conceivable)be accomplished within a week. 6. Nanotechnology is the science of materials at the molecular or subatomic(subatom) level. 7. There are particles (particle)of dust in the air. 8. Breeze wafts yellow
3、 leaves in the air, Autumn watches, closely, silently, invisibly(invisible). 9. Could you fetch (fetch)me the apples that I bought from the supermarket? 10. Infections are spread by coughing, spitting, and sneezing(sneeze). . 选词填空in reality; enable. . . to; allow. . . to; work out; be engaged in; be
4、 composed of; be invisible to; at the age of; look back to; be close to 1. There is in reality a gap between the ideal and the actual. 2. The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early. 3. The Government will allow them to advertise on radio and television4. In the east, our country
5、adjoins Korea and is close to Japan. 5. The student decided to work out the difficult problem by himself. 6. As I look out, I look back to that memorable day. 7. Hed dropped out of high school at the age of 16. 8. He does wholesale business, while his brother is engaged in retail business. 9. Many s
6、tars overhead are invisible to the naked eye. 10. The paper is composed of three parts: preface, main text and conclusion. 完成句子1. I know a garden where you can find wild strawberries. 我知道一个花园, 在那里你可以找到野草莓。(where引导定语从句)2. The boy to whom I spoke is my brother. 刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。(to whom引导定语从句)3. The ho
7、use whose windows face the street is my uncles. 窗户面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。(whose引导定语从句)4. The room facing south is our classroom. 朝南的房间是我们的教室。(现在分词短语作定语)5. The concert given by the symphony was a great success. 该交响乐团举行的音乐会大为成功。(过去分词作定语). 阅读理解ADo astronauts get space sickness when they travel from Earth to the
8、 International Space Station (ISS)? Yes, astronauts can get space sickness travelling to the ISS. It is less likely travelling in the cramped (拥挤的)Russian Soyuz spacecraft used to transport astronauts there now, than the old Space Shuttle that was used until 2011. The ability to move around in the S
9、pace Shuttle increased the chance of space sickness happening. As you probably know, gravity is lower inside the ISS. The low gravity in space allows astronauts to float around, which looks like fun, but it can help cause space sickness. Recent experiments show that space sickness is related to our
10、inner ear. Two separate parts of the inner ear respond to sudden changes in direction. If you shake or move your head very quickly, you can get dizzy. However, this normally passes very quickly. This normal response is upset under low gravity: your inner ear thinks you are constantly moving. It take
11、s some time to adapt to the new condition of weightlessness. It is made worse if you move your head while your body is still adapting. This is why previous astronauts travelling in the larger Space Shuttle were likely to suffer from space sickness more than the current astronauts travelling in the c
12、ramped Soyuz spacecraft. The astronauts were less likely to move their heads around very much in a narrow space. Space sickness was not talked about in the early space missions (任务). The original Mercury and Gemini spacecraft were, like the current Soyuz, cramped. The astronauts were less likely to
13、get sick, so space sickness no longer became a concern of NASA. In 1983 the first detailed study was carried out aboard a Space Shuttle flight (STS-7)by astronaut-doctor Norm Thagard. His and all later studies were hampered by the astronauts themselves. None of them wanted to admit being space sick.
14、 They were worried that mission control might remove them from space walking opportunities, or even worse, that they might not get included on later space missions. 【文章大意】本文是说明文。宇航员会得太空病吗? 文章介绍了会造成太空病的原因。1. What was the problem with the Space Shuttle? A. It was too slow. B. It was too small. C. It b
15、roke down often. D. It had too much space. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的It is less likely travelling in the cramped Russian Soyuz spacecraft used to transport astronauts there now, than the old Space Shuttle that was used until 2011. The ability to move around in the Space Shuttle increased the chance of spa
16、ce sickness happening. 可知, 先前使用的太空飞船空间太大, 增加了宇航员得太空病的几率。故选D项。2. How does low gravity hurt astronauts? A. It fools their inner ear. B. It causes pain in their head. C. It stops them shaking their head. D. It prevents them measuring their weight. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段可知, 在太空低重力的环境中, 内耳应对突然改变的方向的能力受到了干扰,
17、会将宇航员漂浮的状态视作对方在不断移动, 进而造成宇航员的晕眩, 如果宇航员摇头, 晕眩会加剧。故选A项。3. Why wasnt NASA worried about space sickness until later missions? A. The condition had been kept secret to the public. B. There were few detailed studies on it. C. The old spacecraft were better equipped. D. The astronauts were less likely to g
18、et sick. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段可知, 先前使用的“水星”号飞船和“双子星座”号飞船与现在使用的“联盟”号飞船的空间一样狭窄, 所以宇航员不易得太空病。再结合第一段中的It is less likely travelling in the cramped Russian Soyuz spacecraft used to transport astronauts there now可知, 若飞船空间狭小, 则宇航员不易得太空病, 这也是为什么美国国家航空航天局之前未将太空病视作忧患的原因。故选D项。4. What does the underlined word “hamp
19、ered” in the last paragraph mean? A. Changed. B. Improved. C. Blocked. D. Compared. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句后两句可知, 宇航员们不愿意承认自己曾遭受太空病的侵扰, 担心这会影响自己的职业生涯, 这妨碍了对太空病的研究。由此推知, 画线词hampered意为“阻碍, 妨碍”。故选C项。BSince people first launched rockets into space in the 1950s, we have been leaving behind all sorts of thi
20、ngs. Some of them, like the camera, were lost by astronauts while they did work outside their spacecraft. But much of the space junk is made up of little pieces of things that were once bigger objects, until they struck each other and broke apart. Some things we send into space fall back toward Eart
21、h and burn up in the atmosphere. But larger pieces sometimes survive the extreme heat and hit the ground or the ocean at great speeds. So there is always concern that something may fall from the sky and do some harm. But space junk falling on roofs is not the biggest worry. Scientists are concerned
22、about the “Kessler” problem. Imagine what happens when an empty rocket strikes another while orbiting the earth. Two big things become many smaller things. They then hit other things. The pieces get smaller and smaller until they form a cloud of junk that blocks the path of future space vehicles. Ma
23、rco Castronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher, says launching a satellite into space that would get very close to some of the larger pieces of space junk. The satellite would connect a small rocket to the useless object. When the rocket explodes, it pushes the junk into a lower and slower orbi
24、t, nearer the Earth. After a time, the junk burns up in the atmosphere. Mr Castronuovo has proposed using a number of small satellites with robotic arms. One arm would catch the space junk, and another arm would connect the rocket. He imagines that each satellite could jump from one large piece of j
25、unk to another. He thinks this method could destroy about ten large objects each year. Scientists have been concerned about space junk for many years. Right now, the costs of the clean-up have been too great. Mr Castronuovo says his system could be put in place for a much more reasonable amount of m
26、oney. So what can be done to clean up the space around our planet? 【文章大意】本文是篇说明文, 主要讲的是太空中存在着许多垃圾, 这些垃圾慢慢会对地球及以后发射的太空飞船构成威胁, 科学家们正在研究如何清理它们。5. We can learn from the text that much of the space junk _. A. was left by the astronauts on purposeB. is mainly made up of broken spaceshipC. is usually made
27、of small pieces of thingsD. burns up before it reaches the atmosphere【解析】选C。细节理解题。从第一段的“But much of the space junk is made up of little pieces of things that were once bigger objects”可知, 许多的太空垃圾都是由曾经是更大物体的小碎片构成的。故选C项。6. Now scientists are most worried that space junk will _. A. harm the future space
28、 vehiclesB. do some harm to the atmosphereC. fall on peoples house roofsD. destroy the habitat of wildlife【解析】选A。推理判断题。从第三段的“The pieces get smaller and smaller until they form a cloud of junk that blocks the path of future space vehicles. ”可知, 如果太空中形成了垃圾云层, 那以后发射的太空飞船就会遇到危险了。可知现在科学家最担心太空垃圾会危害未来空间飞行器
29、。故选A项。7. It implies in the last but one paragraph that _. A. clearing up the space will actually cost littleB. small rockets also do harm to the atmosphereC. only robots can clear up the space completelyD. it is still difficult for us to clear up the space【解析】选D。推理判断题。从倒数第二段的内容可知, 清理太空垃圾不是一件非常容易的事情,
30、 故选D项。8. What is the text mainly about? A. Space junk threatens earths orbital environment. B. Scientists use different methods to clear up space junk. C. Spacecrafts will meet with a lot of space junk in the future. D. Marco comes up with many methods to deal with space junk. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是太空
31、中存在着许多垃圾, 这些垃圾慢慢会对地球及以后发射的太空飞船构成威胁, 科学家们正在研究如何清理它们。故选A项。【技巧点拨】 推理判断题往往是针对文中某一句话, 也可能是某几句话, 从文章的表面含义挖出所隐藏的内容, 最终推出答案。本文第2小题, 从第三段的“The pieces get smaller and smaller until they form a cloud of junk that blocks the path of future space vehicles. ”可知, 如果太空中形成了垃圾云层, 那以后发射的太空飞船就会遇到危险了, 可知现在科学家最担心太空垃圾会危害未
32、来空间飞行器, A项正确。. 阅读填句根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A New Trend of Micro MuseumsIs Making Science PortableScience museums are amazing. You can see large dinosaur bones from the huge creatures that disappeared thousands of years ago or take a look at cells under a microscope. 1. You can lear
33、n so much at a science museum if living close enough to one. However, for those who dont live in a city, getting a chance to visit science museums is not easy. “2, their influence is limited. There just arent enough science museums, ” said Charles Philipp. “And due to the high costs, its unlikely th
34、at well be seeing a bunch of new traditional science museums popping up all over the country anytime soon. ”Philipp and his partner Amanda Schochet have decided to reinvent science museums by getting them small. They founded MICRO, a nonprofit organization that builds tiny 6-foot-tall science museum
35、s, which are portable and replicable (可复制的). 3. They can get access to it for free in such places as waiting rooms of hospitals, libraries, airports, and even shopping malls. 4, they made it with the help of a team of engineers, storytellers, and designers. Each of the micro museums has a scientific
36、 topic. The first museum is the Smallest Mollusk (软体动物) Museum showing the world of mollusks, which has won great popularity as the only museum devoted just to mollusks. A second museum is the Perpetual Motion Museum that focuses on physics and engineering and will officially open next year. It asks
37、 why things move, and why they stop. 5Hopefully one will come to a neighborhood near you soon. A. Science museums are beneficialB. While the content is vitally importantC. Although it costs nothing to visit museumsD. The plan is to get people of all ages connected with scienceE. Even though making t
38、he tiny museums a reality was difficultF. Such new museums allow people to explore fun scientific topicsG. You can also learn to think like an engineer by building a model ship【文章大意】本文介绍了一种只有6英尺高的便捷式可复制的微型科学博物馆, 它使人们更容易接触科学博物馆和学习新的科学知识。1. 【解析】选G。根据前一句“You can see large dinosaur bones from the huge c
39、reatures that disappeared thousands of years ago or take a look at cells under a microscope”和下文中的“You can learn so much at a science museum . . . one”可知, 此处应是举例你可以在科学博物馆做的事情, 故G项符合语境。2. 【解析】选B。结合上文中提及博物馆的好处以及下文讲到“their influence is limited. There just arent enough science museums”可知, 空处与后半句有转折关系, 故B
40、项合适, 此处意为“尽管科学博物馆的内容非常重要, 但是它们产生的影响有限”。3. 【解析】选D。上文提到了Charles Philipp和Amanda Schochet决定建造微型科学博物馆, 空处说明了他们建造微型科学博物馆的目的, 是对前一句的进一步阐述。4. 【解析】选E。根据上文对微型科学博物馆的描述及下文“they made it with the help of a team of engineers, storytellers, and designers”可知, 建造这样的科学博物馆绝非易事, 但他们成功了, 故E项符合语境。5. 【解析】选F。上文主要介绍了两种主题的微型科
41、学博物馆, 第一种以软体动物为主题, 第二种则关注物理学和工程学, 这些新型科学博物馆能够使人们了解科学方面的知识, 故F项符合语境。话题写作素养升级描述太空生活经历假如现在是2050年, 你刚参加过学校组织的一次火星旅游, 请根据提示写一篇80词左右的短文。要点如下: 1. 出行方式及路线(乘航天飞机到达太空站再到达火星); 2. 所见所闻, 如外星人(alien); 3. 你的感受。 It is 2050. Our school organized a trip from the Earth to Mars. Firstly, we reached a space station by a
42、 spacecraft after a one-day journey from Earth. After a short break and then two hours later, we landed on Mars. The aliens on Mars are very kind and friendly, and what surprised us is that they speak English much better than us. There are lots of other amazing things. We even came across a talking
43、stone. The living environment of aliens is really comfortable. This is much better than we thought. What a wonderful journey! 1. 话题特点太空生活经历, 属于新课程标准“人与自然”主题语境中的“宇宙探索”主题群, 旨在通过将特定主题和学生的生活建立联系, 深化学生对宇宙探索的认识。写该类主题的作文, 首先要思考太空生活的细节, 然后用相关的词汇和表达组织作文框架, 最后形成全文。2. 话题词汇(1)the same as. . . 和一样(2)stay clean a
44、nd neat 保持整洁(3)have a knowledge of. . . 对了解(4)just as we do on earth就像我们在地球上做的一样(5)astronaut宇航员(6)in space在太空3. 话题句式(试着替换方框中的黑体部分, 变成你需要表达的意思)开篇常用句式: (1)Living in space is not the same as living on Earth. (2)The astronauts bodies change in space. (3)The way they stay clean and neat is different too.
45、 结尾常用句式: (1)Hoping you can have a knowledge of the life in space. (2)As far as I am concerned, life in space is inconvenient but interesting. (3)In my opinion, living in space will be turned into reality one day. 你的朋友Jim给你来信, 想通过你所观看的太空生活影片和新闻报道来了解宇航员, 请根据提示信息, 介绍一下你的观点: 1. 宇航员漂浮使骨头开始变得又软又薄。2. 在太空中,
46、 没有重力的牵引, 血液会流向上半身和头部。3. 宇航员回到地球必须休息, 以便他们的身体有时间制造新的血液和水。注意: 1. 词数80个左右; 2. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。Dear Jim, Im writing to introduce to you how the astronauts stay healthy in space. _Yours, Li Hua1. 失去力量lose strength2. 导致骨骼变弱cause the bones to get weak3. 对不利be bad for. . . 4. 重力的牵引the pull of gravity5. 看起
47、来浮肿look puffy6. 制造新的血液make new blood7. 晕倒faint1. 完成句子(1)他们的腿不怎么活动, 他们的下背部开始失去力量。They do not use their legs much and their lower backs begin to lose strength. (2)这种情况导致骨头变得脆弱和薄。This causes the bones to get weak and thin. (3)这对宇航员的身体非常不利。It is very bad for astronauts bodies. (4)在太空中, 因为没有重力的牵引, 血液会流向上
48、半身和头部。In space, because there is no the pull of gravity, the blood moves to the upper body and head. 2. 句式升级(5)用非谓语动词和非限制性定语从句把(1)(2)(3)合并。They do not use their legs much and their lower backs begin to lose strength, causing the bones to get weak and thin, which is very bad for astronauts bodies. (6
49、)把(4)改成简单句。In space, without the pull of gravity, the blood moves to the upper body and head. Dear Jim, Im writing to introduce to you how the astronauts stay healthy in space. Living in space is not the same as living on Earth. In space, astronauts float. They do not use their legs much and their l
50、ower backs begin to lose strength, causing the bones getting weak and thin, which is very bad for astronauts bodies. The heart and blood change in space, too. In space, without the pull of gravity, the blood moves to the upper body and head. Water in the body also does the same thing, which makes th
51、e astronauts faces look puffy. When the astronauts come back to Earth, the astronauts have to rest so their bodies have time to make new blood and water. If they dont, they can feel very weak. They might even faint! Hoping you can have a knowledge of the life in space. Yours, Li Hua主题活动素养提升The topic
52、: space explorationPros: Many new products, such as weather and communication satellites, are products of space programs. It can help predict dangers and protect the earth. It can help us expand our living room. Cons: Space may be polluted by human beings and break the natural balance of space. Ther
53、e may be another horrible truth that we may be found by aliens because of the satellites sent to the far space. The time and money spent on space exploration is too much to calculate. Your opinion: I am in favour of space exploration. The reason: First of all, it has produced thousands of useful pro
54、ducts that help to improve our economy, productivity and lifestyle, strengthening the overall national strength. Second, taking the lead in space exploration can make the people proud and increase their sense of belonging to the country. Whats more, space exploration makes us understand the outer en
55、vironment, construction of atmosphere and the regular pattern of stars. 名作赏读素养培优 夏洛的网是一部描写关于友情的童话, 在朱克曼家的谷仓里, 小猪威尔伯和蜘蛛夏洛建立了最真挚的友谊。威尔伯的生命有危险时, 看似渺小的夏洛用自己的力量救了威尔伯, 但, 这时, 蜘蛛夏洛的生命却走到了尽头。作者用童话的叙事风格表现出对生命本身的赞美与眷恋, 给了我们关于生命的深沉的思索。Chapter 11The MiracleThe next day was foggy. Everything on the farm was drip
56、ping wet. The grass looked like a magic carpet. The asparagus patch looked like a silver forest. On foggy mornings, Charlottes web was truly a thing of beauty. This morning each thin strand was decorated with dozens of tiny beads of water. The web glistened in the light and made a pattern of lovelin
57、ess and mystery, like a delicate veil. Even Lurvy, who wasnt particularly interested in beauty, noticed the web when he came with the pigs breakfast. He noted how clearly it showed up and he noted how big and carefully built it was. And then he took another look and he saw something that made him se
58、t his pail down. There, in the center of the web, neatly woven in block letters, was a message. It said: SOME PIG! Lurvy felt weak. He brushed his hand across his eyes and stared harder at Charlottes web. “Im seeing things, ” he whispered. He dropped to his knees and uttered a short prayer. Then, fo
59、rgetting all about Wilburs breakfast, he walked back to the house and called Mr Zuckerman. “I think youd better come down to the pigpen, he said. ”“Whats the trouble? ” asked Mr Zuckerman. “Anything wrong with the pig? ”“N-not exactly, ” said Lurvy. “Come and see for yourself. ”The two men walked si
60、lently down to Wilburs yard. Lurvy pointed to the spiders web. “Do you see what I see? ” he asked. Zuckerman stared at the writing on the web. Then he murmured the words “Some Pig. ” Then he looked at Lurvy. Then they both began to tremble. Charlotte, sleepy after her nights exertions, smiled as she
61、 watched. Wilbur came and stood directly under the web. “Some pig! ” muttered Lurvy in a low voice. “Some pig! ” Whispered Mr Zuckerman. They stared and stared for a long time at Wilbur. Then they stared at Charlotte. “You dont suppose that that spider. . . ” began Mr Zuckermanbut he shook his head
62、and didnt finish the sentence. Instead, he walked solemnly back up to the house and spoke to his wife. “Edith, something has happened, ” he said, in a weak voice. He went into the living room and sat down and Mrs Zuckerman followed. “Ive got something to tell you, Edith, ” he said. “You better sit d
63、own. ”Mrs Zuckerman sank into a chair. She looked pale and frightened. “Edith, ” he said, trying to keep his voice steady, “I think you had best be told that we have a very unusual pig. ”A look of complete bewilderment came over Mrs Zuckermans face. “Homer Zuckerman, what in the world are you talkin
64、g about? ” she said. “This is a very serious thing, Edith, ” he replied. “Our pig is completely out of the ordinary. ”“Whats unusual about the pig? ” asked Mrs Zuckerman, who was beginning to recover from her scare. “Well, I dont really know yet, ” said Mr Zuckerman. “But we have received a sign, Ed
65、itha mysterious sign. A miracle has happened on this farm. There is a large spiders web in the doorway of the barn cellar, right over the pigpen, and when Lurvy went to feed the pig this morning, he noticed the web because it was foggy, and you know how a spiders web looks very distinct in a fog. An
66、d right spang in the middle of the web there were the words Some Pig. The words were woven right into the web. They were actually part of the web, Edith. I know, because I have been down there and seen them. It says, Some Pig, just as clear as they can be. There can be no mistake about it. A miracle
67、 has happened and a sign has occurred here on earth right on our farm, and we have no ordinary pig. ”“Well, ” said Mrs Zuckerman, “it seems to me youre a little off. It seems to me we have no ordinary spider. ”“Oh, no, ” said Zuckerman. “Its the pig thats unusual. It says so, right there in the midd
68、le of the web. ”素养小测初步感知1. What does the underlined word “uttered”mean in Paragraph 4? A. Used to emphasize how complete sth. isB. To make a sound with your voice; to say sth. 答案: B2. Who first discovered “SOME PIG” on Charlottes website? Lurvy. 理性判断3. Who wrote the word “SOME PIG” on the spider web? The spiderCharlotte思维拓展4. What does a spider mean in Western culture? In the west, it is believed that spiders bring good luck. If you find the starting point when spiders start to make webs, you will always be lucky.
