1、专题三推理判断挖命题【考情探究】考点内容五年考频统计2014北京卷2015北京卷2016北京卷2017北京卷2018北京卷推理判断推理判断题要求考生根据文章所提供的事实进行合理的分析和推断,判断作者的意图、人物的动机、情绪和性格以及事件发生的前因后果等。33443分析解读推理判断题考查考生透过文章表面信息推测文章隐含意思、对作者的态度和情感以及文中细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力。有些考生认为推理判断题的答案就是在文章中没有出现的信息,这种理解比较狭隘;无论是何种考题,设问的依据都是在文本之中,所以答题时不能凭空想象或主观臆断。推理判断题与细节理解题有很多重合之处,考生在做题时应紧扣文本,以文
2、章所提供的细节为主要依据,而相较于细节理解题,推理判断题在获得相关细节后需经过深层次分析形成合乎逻辑的推断。过专题【五年高考】A组自主命题北京卷题组Passage 1(2018北京,C)词数:345Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no e
3、ffective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a comm
4、ercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic
5、 films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their massapparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday foodb
6、eeswaxalso allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,”she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was
7、 not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by t
8、he worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply“millions of worms thrown on top of the plas
9、tic.”1.What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to.A.identify other means of the breakdownB.find
10、 out the source of the enzymeC.confirm the research findingsD.increase the breakdown speed3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might.A.help to raise wormsB.help make plastic bagsC.be used to clean the oceansD.be produced in factories in future4.What is the main purpose of t
11、he passage?A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.C.To present a way to break down plastics.D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.答案1.C2.B3.D4.CPassage 2(2017北京,A)词数:344It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Acade
12、my softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didnt know each other wellTaylor had just moved to town a month or so before.
13、Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground. “Pariss eyes rolled back,” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then
14、the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?”CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick persons chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course
15、the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didnt think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,”says Taylor.Taylors swift action helped her teammates cal
16、m down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Pariss heartbeat returned.“I know I was really lucky,” Paris says now. “Most people dont surviv
17、e this. My team saved my life.”Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident
18、 in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”1.What happened to Paris on a March day?A.She caught a bad cold.B.She had a sudden heart problem.C.She was knocked down by a ball.D.She shivered terribly during practice.2.Why does Paris say she was lucky?A.She
19、made a worthy friend.B.She recovered from shock.C.She received immediate CPR.D.She came back on the softball team.3.Which of the following words can best describe Taylor? A.Enthusiastic and kind.B.Courageous and calm.C.Cooperative and generous.D.Ambitious and professional.答案1.B2.C3.BPassage 3(2017北京
20、,D)词数:455Hollywoods theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known m
21、athematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really
22、desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine
23、 cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could
24、 face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue th
25、at we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machi
26、nes.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that h
27、umans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teamsyet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will nev
28、er happen. On September 11,1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reactio
29、n.1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may.A.run out of human controlB.satisfy humans real desiresC.command armies of killer robotsD.work faster than a mathematician2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able t
30、o.A.prevent themselves from being destroyedB.achieve their original goals independentlyC.do anything successfully with given ordersD.beat humans in international chess matches3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to.A.help super intelligent machines work betterB.be secure against evi
31、l human beingsC.keep machines from being harmedD.avoid robots affecting the world4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A.It will disappear with the development of AI.B.It will get worse with human interference.C.It will be solved but with difficul
32、ty.D.It will stay for a decade.答案1.A2.A3.D4.CPassage 4(2016北京,C)词数:359California Condors Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North Americas largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out
33、. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nea
34、rby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for the night, they just dont see the power lines,”says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lin
35、es at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced,66% of set-free birds died of electrocution. This has now
36、 dropped to 18%.Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death. So condors wi
37、th high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideouts team
38、thinks that the California condors average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years.“Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”1.California condors
39、attract researchers interest because they.A.are active at nightB.had to be bred in the wildC.are found only in CaliforniaD.almost died out in the 1980s2.Researchers have found electrical lines are.A.blocking condors journey homeB.big killers of California condorsC.rest places for
40、 condors at nightD.used to keep condors away3.According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning.A.makes condors too nervous to flyB.has little effect on condors kidneysC.can hardly be gotten rid of from condors bloodD.makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds4.This passage show
41、s that.A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactoryB.Rideouts research interest lies in electric engineeringC.the efforts to protect condors have brought good resultsD.researchers have found the final answers to the problem答案1.D2.B3.D4.CPassage 5(2015北京,B)词数:312Revolutionary TV E
42、arsTV Ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing loss hear the television clearly without turning up the volume(音量) and now its better and more affordable than ever! With TV Ears wireless technology,you set your own headset volume,while other TV listeners hear the
43、television at a volume level thats comfortable for them.You can even listen through the headset only and put the TV on mute(静音) if the situation calls for a quiet environmentmaybe the baby is sleeping.Or perhaps you are the only one who is interested in listening to the ballgame.TV Ears pa
44、tented technology includes a revolutionary noise reduction ear tip,not used in any other commercially available headset.This tip reduces outside noise so that television dialogue is clear and understandable.Get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding customers.Thats why T
45、V Ears has earned the trust and confidence of audiologists(听觉学家) nationwide as well as world-famous doctors.Doctor Recommended TV Ears!“My wife and I have used TV Ears almost daily for the past two years and find them a great help in our enjoyment of television.As a retired ear doctor,I heartily rec
46、ommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing loss.”Robert Forbes,M.D.,CACustomer Recommended TV Ears!“Now my husband can have the volume as loud as he needs and I can have the TV at my hearing level.TV Ears is so comfortable that Jack forgets he has them on!He can once
47、again hear and understand the dialogue.”Darlene & Jack B.,CARisk Free Trial!TV Ears comes with a 30-day risk free trial.Special OfferNow $59.95.If youre not satisfied,return it.Money-back guarantee!Call now! 800-123-78321.TV Ears helps you.A.improve your sleeping qualityB.listen to TV with
48、out disturbing othersC.change TV channels without difficultyD.become interested in ballgame programs2.What makes TV Ears different from other headsets?A.It can easily set TV on mute.B.Its headset volume is adjustable.C.It has a new noise reduction ear tip.D.It applies special wireless technology.3.T
49、his advertisement is made more believable by.A.using recommendationsB.offering reasons for this inventionC.providing statisticsD.showing the results of experiments答案1.B2.C3.APassage 6(2014北京,B)词数:345The Brown BearMy wife Laura and I were on the beach,with three of our children,taking pictures of sho
50、re birds near our home in Alaska when we spotted a bear.The bear was thin and small,moving aimlessly.Just a few minutes later,I heard my daughter shouting,“Dad!The bear is right behind us!”An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last min
51、ute.This one was silent and its ears pinned backthe sign(迹象)of an animal that is going in for the kill.And it was a cold April day.The bear behaved abnormally,probably because of hunger.I held my camera tripod(三脚架)in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me.Its huge head was level wit
52、h my chest and shoulders,and the tripod stuck across its mouth.It bit down and I found myself supporting its weight.I knew I would not be able to hold it for long.Even so,this was a fight I had to win:I was all that stood between the bear and my family,who would stand little chance of running faster
53、 than a brown bear.The bear hit at the camera,cutting it off the tripod.I raised my left arm to protect my face;the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side.My arm could not move,and I sensed that my bones were going to break.Drawing back my free hand,I struck the bear as hard as
54、 I could for five or six times.The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur,trying to push it away.I was actually wrestling(扭打)with the bear at this point.Then,as suddenly as it had begun,the fight ended.The bear moved back towards the forest,before returning for another attackthe first time I fe
55、lt panic.Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat,the bear moved off,destroying a fence as it went.My arm was injured,but the outcome for us could hardly have been better.Im proud that my family remained clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.1.The
56、brown bear approached the family in order to.A.catch shore birdsB.start an attackC.protect the childrenD.set up a barrier for itself2.The bear finally went away after it.A.felt safeB.got injuredC.found some foodD.took away the camera3.The writer and his family survived mainly due to their.A.prideB.p
57、atienceC.calmnessD.cautiousness答案1.B2.A3.CB组统一命题、省(区、市)卷题组Passage 1(2018课标全国,D)词数:351We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style.
58、 Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York trac
59、ked the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and
60、 box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smartphones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is
61、replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these old deviceswe continue to use
62、them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution(解
63、决方案)?The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing
64、 on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.1.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.2.Why did Babbitts team conduct
65、the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.3.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.The desktop computer.4.What doe
66、s the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them.答案1.A2.D3.B4.APassage 2(2018课标全国,D)词数:312Weve all been there:in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused o
67、n their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.Whats the problem?Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we th
68、ink its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant for
69、get that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂)for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each b
70、ig business deal begins with small talk,”he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was ask
71、ed to seek out an interaction(互动)with its waiter;the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.“Its not that talking to the waiter is better than talki
72、ng to your husband,”says Dunn.“But interactions with peripheral(边缘的)members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of bel
73、onging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners,”he says.1.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A.Addiction to smartphones.B.Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C.Absence of communication between strangers.D.Impatience with slow service.2.What is important
74、 for successful small talk according to Carducci?A.Showing good manners.B.Relating to other people.C.Focusing on a topic.D.Making business deals.3.What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A.It improves family relationships.B.It raises peoples confidence.C.It matters as much
75、 as a formal talk.D.It makes people feel good.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Conversation CountsB.Ways of Making Small TalkC.Benefits of Small TalkD.Uncomfortable Silence答案1.C2.B3.D4.CPassage 3(2018课标全国,C)词数:368While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buil
76、dings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prizew
77、hich is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architectureon February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art(CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang
78、 Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and
79、 fall of hills, forming a unique view.Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and tradition
80、al Chinese elements(元素).Wangs works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be
81、sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once existed,”he said.“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still be
82、ing created,”he said.“Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are,”said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the rec
83、reation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.1.Wangs winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are .A.following the latest world trendB.getting international recognitionC.working harder than ever beforeD.relying on foreign architects2.What impressed visitors to the
84、 CAA Xiangshan campus most?A.Its hilly environment.B.Its large size.C.Its unique style.D.Its diverse functions.3.What made Wangs architectural design a success?A.The mixture of different shapes.B.The balance of East and West.C.The use of popular techniques.D.The harmony of old and new.4.Wh
85、at should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?A.Spread them to the world.B.Preserve them at museums.C.Teach them in universities.D.Recreate them in practice.答案1.B2.C3.D4.DPassage 4(2018天津,B)词数:407When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of
86、a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, “Do you have the address?”“No, but Ill recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine.”“Oh, stop. There it i
87、s!”The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.“May I help you?”a man asked.“No,”I said.“Were fine.”Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you werent that interested in?Sa
88、lly had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem?I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me.“Where do you think you are?”he asked. I turned sharply.“The McNay Art Museum!”He s
89、miled, shaking his head.“Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.”“Whats this place?”I asked, still confused.“Well, its our home.”My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out,“Sally!Come down immediately!”“Theres some really good stuff(艺术作品)up there.
90、”She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying,“Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place.”Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldnt believe how long they let us look around wit
91、hout saying anything.The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. “Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long a
92、go, thinking it was the McNay Museum?”“Yes. But how do you know?We never told anyone.”“That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home c
93、hanged after that. Ive always wanted to thank you.”1.What do we know about Marian McNay?A.She was a painter.B.She was a community leader.C.She was a museum director.D.She was a journalist.2.Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?A.She disliked people who were nosy.B.S
94、he felt nervous when talking to strangers.C.She knew more about art than the man.D.She mistook him for a tour guide.3.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?A.Puzzled.B.Concerned.C.Frightened.D.Delighted.4.Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a f
95、ew words?A.The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.B.She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.C.The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.D.The event happening in the house was more significant.5.What could we learn from the last paragraph?A.People should have
96、good taste to enjoy life.B.People should spend more time with their family.C.People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.D.People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.答案1.A2.D3.A4.D5.CPassage 5(2018天津,D)词数:367Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing?How many kinds of wildflowers ca
97、n be seen from your front door?If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, youll have no trouble answering these questions.Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A childs day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natura
98、l awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear;we are numb(麻木的)to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.The first step in awakening senses is t
99、o stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached
100、the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted theyd felt cold water at first.Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷)many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird
101、, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a “ruby-crowned kinglet”and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.The pressures of “time”and“destination”are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a dista
102、nt camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see whats around them. I asked them what theyd seen. “Oh, a few birds,”they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.Nature seems to unfold to people
103、 who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.1.According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more.A.anxious to do wondersB.sensitive to
104、others feelingsC.likely to develop unpleasant habitsD.eager to explore the world around them2.What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?A.To avoid jumping to conclusions.B.To stop complaining all the time.C.To follow the teachers advice.D.To admit mistakes honestly.3.The bi
105、rd watchers behavior shows that they.A.are very patient in their observationB.are really fascinated by natureC.care only about the names of birdsD.question the accuracy of the field guides4.Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?A.The natural beauty isn
106、49011;t attractive to them.B.They focus on arriving at the camp in time.C.The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.D.They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.5.In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should.A.fill our senses to feel the wonders of the worldB.get rid of some ba
107、d habits in our daily lifeC.open our mind to new things and ideasD.try our best to protect nature答案1.D2.A3.C4.B5.APassage 6(2018浙江,A)词数:313In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a centurymost experts date the first no
108、vel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字)rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like“By a lady.”Novels, for th
109、e most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose charactersfrom Oliver Twis
110、t to Tiny Timwere held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂)of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top?For all the feelings readers attach to sto
111、ries, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. Its partly true that Dickens style of writing
112、attracted audiences from all walks of life. Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But its also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and
113、luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possibleand important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one.1.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A.They were difficult to unde
114、rstand.B.They were popular among the rich.C.They were seen as nearly worthless.D.They were written mostly by women.2.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress.A.his reputation in FranceB.his interest in modern artC.his success in publicationD.his importance in literature3.What is
115、the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To remember a great writer.B.To introduce an English novel.C.To encourage studies on culture.D.To promote values of the Victorian age.答案1.C2.D3.APassage 7(2017课标全国,B)词数:290I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at
116、Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground. When Iarrived, I saw a 2-
117、 to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire baske
118、t was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These adverti
119、se the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all!The homeowner call
120、ed to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of allLUNCH!The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.1.What is unavoidable in the au
121、thors rescue work according to paragraph 1?A.Efforts made in vain.B.Getting injured in his work.C.Feeling uncertain about his future.D.Creatures forced out of their homes.2.Why was the author called to Muttontown?A.To rescue a woman.B.To take care of a woman.C.To look at a baby owl.D.To cu
122、re a young owl.3.What made the chick calm down?A.A new nest.B.Some food.C.A recording.D.Its parents.4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?A.Its unexpected.B.Its beautiful.C.Its humorous.D.Its discouraging.答案1.A2.C3.A4.BPassage 8(2017课标全国,D
123、)词数:288When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts o
124、f the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. Its a plants way of crying out. But is anyone
125、listening?Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The at
126、tacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean t
127、hat plants talk to each other?Scientists dont know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to“overhear”the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasnЙ
128、011;t a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的)than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. Theres a whole lot going on.1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A.It makes noises.B.It
129、 gets help from other plants.C.It stands quietly.D.It sends out certain chemicals.2.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph 3?A.The attackers get attacked.B.The insects gather under the table.C.The plants get ready to fight back.D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.3.Scient
130、ists find from their studies that plants can.A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The world is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than
131、before.C.The world is more complex than it seems.D.People in Darwins time were more imaginative.答案1.D2.A3.B4.CPassage 9(2017课标全国,B)词数:274Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that
132、had been repeated many times in the theaters 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the buildings end.The film clas
133、sic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie
134、is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theaters location(位置)was also a reason.“This used to be the center of town,”he said.“Now the ar
135、ea is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local deve
136、lopment firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.1.In what way was yesterday
137、;s cleanup at the Plaza special?A.It made room for new equipment.B.It signaled the closedown of the theater.C.It was done with the help of the audience.D.It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.2.Why was The Last Picture Show put on?A.It was an all-time classic.B.It was about the history of th
138、e town.C.The audience requested it.D.The theater owner found it suitable.3.What will probably happen to the building?A.It will be repaired.B.It will be turned into a museum.C.It will be knocked down.D.It will be sold to the city government.4.What can we infer about the audience?A.They are disappoint
139、ed with Bradford.B.They are sad to part with the old theater.C.They are supportive of the city officials.D.They are eager to have a shopping center.答案1.B2.D3.C4.BPassage 10(2017天津,B)词数:359Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic
140、(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this
141、woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked
142、her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didnt want to mess with that.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is
143、 what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined”it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she k
144、new that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some strangers bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I dont even know has been immortalized(使永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others spaces.
145、Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin squ
146、are of glass.1.What happened when the author was about to take a photo?A.Her camera stopped working.B.A woman blocked her view.C.Someone asked her to leave.D.A friend approached from behind.2.According to the author, the woman was probably .A.enjoying herselfB.losing her patienceC.waiting for the su
147、nsetD.thinking about her past3.In the authors opinion, what makes the photo so alive?A.The rich color of the landscape.B.The perfect positioning of the camera.C.The womans existence in the photo.D.The soft sunlight that summer day.4.The photo on the bedroom wall enables the autho
148、r to better understand .A.the need to be close to natureB.the importance of private spaceC.the joy of the vacation in ItalyD.the shared passion for beauty5.The passage can be seen as the authors reflections upon .A.a particular life experienceB.the pleasure of travelingC.the art of photogr
149、aphyD.a lost friendship答案1.B2.A3.C4.D5.APassage 11(2016课标全国,A)词数:293You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(18601935)Anyone who has ever
150、 been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rac
151、hel Carson(19071964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O
152、049011;Connor(1930present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. OCon
153、nor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(19132005)On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus b
154、oycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,”said Parks.1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A.Her social work.B.Her teaching skills.C.Her efforts to win a prize.D.Her community background.2.What was the reason
155、 for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?A.Her lack of proper training in law.B.Her little work experience in court.C.The discrimination against women.D.The poor financial conditions.3.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A.Jane Addams.B.Rach
156、el Carson.C.Sandra Day OConnor.D.Rosa Parks.4.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A.They are highly educated.B.They are truly creative.C.They are pioneers.D.They are peace-lovers.答案1.A2.C3.D4.CPassage 12(2016课标全国,D)词数:293A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful
157、 Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurleys pictures would be outstandingundoubtedly first-rate photo-journalismif they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难),by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation o
158、f survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the south
159、ernmost shore of Antarcticas Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇)across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died w
160、ith his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scotts last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the worl
161、ds imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and g
162、ifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.1.What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?A.They were made last week.B.They showed undersea sceneries.C.They were found by a cameraman.D.They recorded a disastr
163、ous adventure.2.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?A.Frank Hurley.B.Ernest Shackleton.C.Robert Falcon Scott.D.Caroline Alexander.3.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?A.Artistic creation.B.Scientific research.C.Money making.D.Treasure hunting.答案1.D2.C3.CP
164、assage 13(2015天津,C)词数:369One day when I was 12,my mother gave me an order:I was to walk to the public library,and borrow at least one book for the summer.This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange probleminability to read.In the library,I found my way into the“Childrens Room”.I
165、sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle,the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.He was my secret sharer,but one morning,he was gone,given away to someone wh
166、o had the space and the money to care for him.I never forgot my beagle.There on the books cover was a beagle which looked identical(相同的)to my dog.I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover.My eyes ran across the title,Amos,the Beagle with a Plan.Unknowingly,I had read the ti
167、tle.Without opening the book,I borrowed it from the library for the summer.Under the shade of a bush,I started to read about Amos.I read very,very slowly with difficulty.Though pages were turned slowly,I got the main idea of the story about a dog who,like mine,had been separated from his family and
168、who finally found his way back home.That dog was my dog,and I was the little boy in the book.At the end of the story,my mind continued the final scene of reunion,on and on,until my own lost dog and I were,in my mind,running together.My mothers call returned me to the real world.I suddenly
169、realized something:I had read a book,and I had loved reading that book.Everyone knew I could not read.But I had read it.Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.I never told my mother about my“miraculous(奇迹般的)”experience that summer,but she saw a slow but remarkable improveme
170、nt in my classroom performance during the next year.And years later,she was proud that her son had read thousands of books,was awarded a PhD in literature,and authored his own books,articles,poetry and fiction.The power of the words has held.1.The authors mother told him to borrow a book i
171、n order to.A.encourage him to do more walkingB.let him spend a meaningful summerC.help cure him of his reading problemD.make him learn more about weapons2.The book caught the authors eye because.A.it contained pretty pictures of animalsB.it reminded him of his own dogC.he found its title e
172、asy to understandD.he liked childrens stories very much3.Why could the author manage to read the book through?A.He was forced by his mother to read it.B.He identified with the story in the book.C.The book told the story of his pet dog.D.The happy ending of the story attracted him.4.What ca
173、n be inferred from the last paragraph?A.The author has become a successful writer.B.The authors mother read the same book.C.The authors mother rewarded him with books.D.The author has had happy summers ever since.5.Which one could be the best title of the passage?A.The Charm of a
174、 BookB.Mums Strict OrderC.Reunion with My BeagleD.My Passion for Reading答案1.C2.B3.B4.A5.APassage 14(2015课标全国,D)词数:344Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope.This evening,as on every Thursday night,psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of Frances favorite pastimes,
175、coffee drinking and the“talking cure”.Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.It isnt always easy.The customerssome thirty Parisians who pay just under $2(plus drinks)per sessionare quick to intellectualize(高谈阔论),slow to open up and connect.“You are forbidden to say
176、one feels,orpeople think,”Lehanne told them.“Say I think,Think me.”A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed?It couldnt seem more un-French.But Lehannes psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself:Its trying to help the citys troubled neighbo
177、rhood cafes.Over the years,Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestylelonger working hours,a fast-food boom and a younger generations desire to spend more time at home.Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.Cafes focused around psychology,history,
178、and engineering are catching on,filling tables well into the evening.The citys“psychology cafes”,which offer great comfort,are among the most popular places.Middle-aged homemakers,retirees,and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love,anger,and dreams with a psychologist.And the
179、y come to Lehannes group just to learn to say what they feel.“Theres a strong need in Paris for communication,”says Maurice Frisch,a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church.“People have few real friends.And they need to open up.”Lehanne says s
180、hed like to see psychology cafes all over France.“If people had normal lives,these cafes wouldnt exist,”she says.“If life werent a battle,people wouldnt need a special place just to speak.”But then,it wouldnt be France.1.What are people encouraged to
181、 do at the cafe La Chope?A.Learn a new subject.B.Keep in touch with friends.C.Show off their knowledge.D.Express their true feelings.2.How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?A.They are less frequently visited.B.They stay open for longer hours.C.They have bigger night crowds.D.They start
182、to serve fast food.3.What are theme cafes expected to do?A.Create more jobs.B.Supply better drinks.C.Save the cafe business.D.Serve the neighborhood.4.Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?A.They bring people true friendship.B.They give people spiritual support.C.They help people realiz
183、e their dreams.D.They offer a platform for business links.答案1.D2.A3.C4.BPassage 15(2015课标全国,C)词数:261More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the“year off”between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源)with the month
184、s left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year,25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year,according to statistics on university entrance provided by the Un
185、iversity and College Admissions Service(UCAS).That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with,and
186、 complete,their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,”he said.But not everyone is happy.Owain James,the president of the National Union of Students(NUS),argued that the increase is evidence of student hardshipyoung people are being forced into earning mone
187、y before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to 15,000 in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are fo
188、rced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,”he said.1.What do we learn about the gap year from the text? A.It is flexible in length.B.It is a time for relaxation.C.It is increasingly popular.D.It is required by universities.2.According to Tony Higgins,stude
189、nts taking a gap year.A.are better prepared for college studiesB.know a lot more about their future jobsC.are more likely to leave university in debtD.have a better chance to enter top universities3.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?A.Hes puzzled.B.Hes worri
190、ed.C.Hes surprised.D.Hes annoyed.4.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?A.Attend additional courses.B.Make plans for the new term.C.Earn money for their education.D.Prepare for their graduate studies.答案1.C2.A3.B4.CPassage 16(2014天津,B)词数:352A w
191、orld-famous Canadian author,Margaret Atwood,has created the worlds first long-distance signing device(装置),the LongPen.After many tiring book-signing tours from city to city,Atwood thought there must be a better way to do them.She hired some technical experts and started her own company in
192、2004.Together they designed the LongPen.Heres how it works:The author writes a personal message and signature on a computer tablet(手写板)using a special pen.On the receiving end,in another city,a robotic arm fitted with a regular pen signs the book.The author and fan can talk with each other
193、 via webcams(网络摄像机)and computer screens.Work on the LongPen began in Atwoods basement(地下室).At first,they had no idea it would be as hard as it turned out to be.The device went through several versions,including one that actually had smoke coming out of it.The inventing finally completed,te
194、st runs were made in Ottawa,and the LongPen was officially launched at the 2006 London Book Fair.From here,Atwood conducted two transatlantic book signings of her latest book for fans in Toronto and New York City.The LongPen produces a unique signature each time because it copies the movement of the
195、 author in real time.It has several other potential applications.It could increase credit card security and allow people to sign contracts from another province.The video exchange between signer and receiver can be recorded on DVD for proof when legal documents are used.“Its really fun,”sa
196、id the owner of a bookstore,who was present for one of the test runs.“Obviously you cant shake hands with the author,but there are chances for a connection that you dont get from a regular book signing.”The response to the invention hasnt been all favorable.Atwood has r
197、eceived criticism from authors who think shes trying to end book tours.But she said,“It will be possible to go to places that you never got sent to before because the publishers couldnt afford it.”1.Why did Atwood decide to invent the LongPen?A.To set up her own company.B.To win
198、herself greater popularity.C.To write her books in a new way.D.To make book signings less tiring.2.How does the LongPen work?A.It copies the authors signature and prints it on a book.B.It signs a book while receiving the authors signature.C.The webcam sends the authors
199、signature to another city.D.The fan uses it to copy the authors signature himself.3.What do we know about the invention of the LongPen?A.It has been completed but not put into use.B.The basement caught fire by accident.C.Some versions failed before its test run.D.The designers were well-pr
200、epared for the difficulty.4.How could the LongPen be used in the future?A.To draft legal documents.B.To improve credit card security.C.To keep a record of the authors ideas.D.To allow author and fan to exchange videos.5.What could be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6?A.Atwood doesn
201、;t mean to end book tours.B.Critics think the LongPen is of little use.C.Bookstore owners dont support the LongPen.D.Publishers dislike the LongPen for its high cost.答案1.D2.B3.C4.B5.A【三年模拟】题组一Passage 1(2019届北京海淀第一学期期中, D)词数:466Young Americans Are Less Wealthy Than Their ParentsThe cost of
202、living in the United States is going up, notes writer Alissa Quart. As is reported in the New York Post, Quart points to “the costs of housing, education and health care in particular.” At the same time, a new study, the report of which is called “The Fading American Dream” found that half of Americ
203、ans born in the 1980s are falling behind their parents economically. These findings show that many younger adults are experiencing “downward mobility.” In other words, they are not doing as well economically as their parents were at the same age. The idea of downward mobility is especially troubling
204、 for Americans, writes Robert Samuelson in The Washington Post. He says most U.S. citizens believe that, over time, the amount of money they earn will rise and life will get easier.Alissa Quart wrote a book about the financial difficulties of Americans. In the book, Quart tells about teachers who ar
205、e struggling to pay for regular costs. One high school teacher drives for ride sharing service Uber at night to earn more money. He corrects students papers between rides. A college professor turned to government assistance to feed her child and pay for a doctor. Quart says even lawyers in
206、creasingly cannot earn an income that enables them to meet their needs. The problem of decreasing incomes in their field is made worse by debt they may have from law school. Quart and the economists who studied these issues say many things have led to lower incomes and downward mobility. The economi
207、c recession of 2007 to 2009 is partly to blame, they say. Modern technology also plays a part. Quart says robots threaten to reduce the earnings of health care workers,reporters, and people who work at supermarkets, drug stores and tax preparation services. In The Washington Post, Robert Samuelson n
208、otes that poor schools, a weak housing industry and too many government rules are also to blame. With all these things, and more, partly responsible, what is the solution? These experts say the answer is complex. But all point to one issue that needs to be examined: economic inequality. Quart writes
209、 that while America is one of the richest countries in the world, it also has one of the biggest divides between the wealthy and the poor. The researchers in the new study make a similar observation. They say raising GDP will not significantly improve the economic situation of most Americans. A high
210、er GDP may help only those who are already doing well. Instead, the economists say, the United States could try to repeat something Americans born in the 1940s experienced. As those children grew up, they almost all benefited from a better economy.1.The author mentions two reports in Paragraph 1 in
211、order to. A.explain the results of two researches B.introduce his opinions about the issueC.attract readers attention to health care D.lead to the topic of downward mobility2.Whats the main idea of Paragraph 4?A.The causes of downward mobility.B.The influences of government rules
212、. C.The negative effects of modern technology. D.The results of economic recession in America.3.The author indicates in this passage that.A.raising GDP will greatly help the poorB.the American economy has a bright futureC.young Americans will repeat their parents experienceD.its
213、vital to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor4.We can learn from the passage that in America, .A.people miss the good old days in the 1940s B.people are suffering from a worse economy C.people are pessimistic about the future economyD.people complain a lot about economic changes答案1.D2.A3.D4.
214、BPassage 2(2019届北京朝阳第一学期期中, D)词数:501Maths and MusicAn excellent way to kill a conversation is to say you are a mathematician. Tell others you are also a musician, however, and they will be hooked. Although there are obvious similarities between mathematical and musical activity, there is no direct e
215、vidence for the kind of magical connection many people seem to believe in.Im partly referring here to the Mozart effect, where children who have been played Mozarts compositions are supposedly more intelligent, including at maths, than other children. It is not hard to see why su
216、ch a theory would be popular: we would all like to become better at maths without putting in any effort. But the conclusions of the experiment that expressed the belief in the Mozart effect were much more modest. If you want your brain to work better, you clearly have to put in hard work. As for lea
217、rning to play the piano, it also takes effort. Surely a connection is quite reasonable. Both maths and music deal with abstract structures, so if you become good at one, then it is likely that you become good at something more general that helps you with the other. If this is correct, it would show
218、a connection between mathematical and musical ability. It would be more like the connection between abilities in football and tennis. To become better at one, you need to improve your fitness and coordination (协调). That makes you better at sport and probably helps with the other.Abstract structures
219、dont exist only in maths and music. If you learn a language then you need to understand its abstract structures like grammar. Yet we dont hear people asking about a connection between mathematical and linguistic (语言的) ability. Maybe this is because grammar feels mathematical, so
220、it wouldnt be surprising that mathematicians were better at learning grammar. Music, however, is strongly tied up with feelings and can be enjoyed even by people who know little about it. As such, it seems different from maths, so there wouldnt be any connection between the two.L
221、ets see how we solve problems of the “A is to B as C is to D”kind. These appear in intelligence tests but they are also central to both music and maths. Consider the opening of Mozarts Eine kleine Nachtmusik(小夜曲).The second phrase is a clear answer to the first. The listener thin
222、ks: “The first phrase goes upward and uses the notes of a G major chord (和弦); what would be the corresponding phrase that goes downward?” Music is full of puzzles like this. If you are good at them, expectations will constantly be set up in your mind. The best moments surprise you by being unexpecte
223、d, but we need the expectations in the first place.1.The author mentioned football and tennis in Paragraph 3 to show that .A.music and maths have something in commonB.football and tennis are played in a similar wayC.certain skills may be developed through practiceD.abstract structures bring benefits
224、 to various fields2.We can infer from Paragraph 4 that.A.language is less attractive to learnersB.mathematicians are good at music learningC.language seems more like maths than music doesD.languages are easier to learn than music3.What is the writers main purpose in the last paragraph?A.To
225、 prove how music finally differs from maths.B.To describe the mathematical processes musicians may use.C.To show how abstract thinking applies to both music and maths.D.To explain why Mozart is so highly considered by mathematicians.答案1.A2.C3.CPassage 3 (2018北京朝阳一模, B)词数:424Dream in HeartOn the firs
226、t day of school our professor introduced a new classmatea wrinkled little old ladyto us. Her name was Rose, and she was eighty-seven years old.After class Rose and I walked to the Student Union Building and shared a chocolate milk shake. She told me she always dreamed of having a college education a
227、nd now she was getting one. We became instant friends. Every day for the following months, we would leave the class together and talk nonstop. I was always attracted, listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me.Rose became famous and easily made friends wherever
228、she went. She tended to be highly motivated, responsible, and deeply involved in class participation. In spare time she had someone hang out or go to bars with her. She even participated in some form of athletic activity. She said that extra-curricular activities can form a vital part of her experie
229、nce, creating unique chances for friendship and learning.At the end of the term we invited Rose to speak at our football meal. A little embarrassed, she leaned towards the microphone and simply said, “Im sorry Im so nervous.” As we laughed, she cleared her throat and began, “We d
230、o not stop playing because we are old;we grow old because we stop playing. There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. If youre nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year, you will turn twenty. If Im eighty-seven years old and stay in bed for a year,
231、 I will turn eighty-eight. Anybody can grow older. Its non-optional but that doesnt take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding the chance to change. In this way the elderly dont have regrets for what they did, but for things they did not do.” R
232、ose concluded her speech by courageously singing “The Rose”. She challenged us to study the words of the song and lived them out in daily lives.At the years end Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years ago. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.
233、Over two thousand college students attended her funeral in honor of the wonderful woman who taught by example that its never too late to be all you can possibly be. 1.Why does the author compare Rose to “time machine” in Paragraph 2?A.To stress her old age and knowledge of life.B.To descri
234、be the close friendship between them.C.To show that she always enjoyed her active life.D.To explain why she took on a challenge in college.2.Rose was invited to speak at the football meal most probably because.A.she was a great football fanB.she was the smartest studentC.she tried hard to achieve he
235、r dreamD.she became more educated than the others3.We can learn that Rose agreed with the idea that.A.growing older means growing upB.it takes talent and ability to grow upC.receiving high education helps to be courageousD.one grows older at the same time when he grows up4.The passage is intended to
236、.A.provide an example for the elderlyB.discuss how to grow up quicklyC.tell the importance of attending collegeD.inspire the readers to live up to lives答案1.A2.C3.B4.DPassage 4 (2018北京海淀第一学期期末, A)词数:435Sweat rolled off my forehead as my younger brother and I sat under the tree.“Hi, Jason,” said my br
237、other, Chad.“Do you hear the train?” I listened, but I only heard the thunder in the distance. It was still miles away, but I heard it. It grew stronger and louder as it gained speed and got closer. How could that be?I wondered.We were about to grab our bikes to see what it actually was when we stop
238、ped. What looked like a flock of birds darkened the sky overhead. When I looked at it closer, I realized it wasnt birds. It was a tornado(龙卷风). The hairs on the back of my neck stood up as the air turned heavy. The sun disappeared.The wind strengthened and roared.I grabbed Chads
239、arm and pulled him toward the house.I tried to open the door, but it was as if an invisible force pushed against me. The door refused to open. When we finally managed to get inside, we found it was as dark as night. Our family had practiced a tornado safety plan many times. But I had never imagined
240、that it would be just Chad and me at home the first time we needed to use it. “Inside the closet!” I yelled. It was small and crowded, but we got in it anyway. Chad began to cry. “Its going to be all right,” I told him. But I was worried about Mom. I hope shed found a safe place
241、to wait out the storm.The storm continued to rage. I heard a thud on the roof. The whole house creaked and groaned. Then it was quiet. I opened the door and we inched our way out of the closet. Rain had got in through the open window and wet the carpets. A kitchen window had shattered, its screen bl
242、own away. I looked at the backyard.The tree was uprooted, and broken branches lay on the ground.“Jason, I cant get service,” Chad said as he held the phone in his hand.We had no electricity, either. I glanced at the wall clock. Had it been only 20 minutes since wed first heard th
243、e thunder?Then I heard footsteps toward the house. Mom had made it home safely. “Boys!” she yelled.“Are you all right?”We ran out and hugged her. The sun came out, and this time it shone brightly.1.When the tornado struck,.A.the boys felt terrified and asked for helpB.a flock of birds darkened the s
244、ky overheadC.the boys protected themselves in a safe placeD.the sound of the train grew stronger and louder2.What can we learn from the passage?A.Mom had trouble finding the boys. B.Jason knew how to deal with a tornado.C.The tornado lasted for over half an hour.D.Their house was flooded by the heav
245、y rain. 3.Which of the following words can best describe Jason?A.Calm and thoughtful.B.Cautious and curious.C.Dependent and sensitive.D.Creative and active.答案1.C2.B3.A题组二Passage 1 (2018北京东城第一学期期末, B)词数:478“I wish we hadnt come on this trip!” Jeffs voice echoed across the narrow c
246、anyon(峡谷). His father stopped, breathing heavily. “This is hard for you, but youve got to come through with courage!” He gently placed his hand on the boys shoulder. “Now, I dont know if I can make it without stopping every so often. Youre young, but youЙ
247、011;re strong and fast. Do you remember the way back from here to the road if you had to go alone?”Jeff flashed back to the painful scene of Mark, his seventeen-year-old brother at their campsite. He was bitten by a snake yesterday. This morning he couldnt move, and the pain got worse. He
248、needed medical attention right away. They had left their phone in the car, and it must have been out of power by then. Leaving Mark at the campsite and seeking help was their only choice.“Jeff, could you do it?”Jeff looked to the end of the canyon, several miles away. He nodded and a plan began to t
249、ake hold in his mind.“What is the name of that little town, Dad?” There must be a hospital there. “Flint. We parked at the side of the road a few miles out of Flint.” Jeff nodded. Then they continued climbing. Stone by stone, they made their way up the canyon. Gradually, Jeffs father grew
250、smaller and smaller in the distance. Jeff waved to him and then climbed toward the road. Two hours later, he finally reached the road and struggled toward the town, almost exhausted.“Cant stop,” he thought. “Marks in big trouble. Keep going.” Suddenly, he saw a truck heading towa
251、rd him. “Hey, mister!” he shouted, waving both arms. He began to jog toward the truck, and then broke into a full-speed run.His chest was burning with every breath when the truck driver stopped by him. Jeff explained breathlessly. The driver reached for his cellphone as soon as he heard about Mark.
252、“Better get the helicopter in there,” he said immediately. But Jeff wasnt sure about that because everything got unclear and then went black and quiet.Hours later, Jeff opened his eyes to find his father on a chair nearby. “Youre a hero, son,” his father said with a smile. “You h
253、ad the helicopter sent into the canyon after Mark. I cant tell you how happy I was when I saw it overhead. They got him to the hospital. Hes going to be fine soon. Im so proud of you!” 1.Why did Jeff and his father climb up the canyon?A.They were going for rescue.B.They
254、 were doing physical exercise. C.They were meeting Jeffs brother.D.They were searching for their campsite. 2.What happened to Mark?A.He lost his way.B.He lost his phone. C.He was hit by a truck.D.He was bitten by a snake. 3.Why did Jeffs father let him go alone?A.Jeff was faster
255、than him.B.Jeff knew the way better.C.Jeff needed more exercise.D.Jeff preferred going by himself. 4.What can be the best words to describe Jeff?A.Humorous and ambitious.B.Determined and caring. C.Cautious and sensitive.D.Generous and kind.答案1.A2.D3.A4.BPassage 2 (2018北京海淀第一学期期中, A)词数:361Rosa was wa
256、lking home from work one evening when she got the idea. Rosa didnt like her job at the factory, but it was better than no job at all. So, while she was trying not to think about work, she saw the pots in an alley. They were cheap plastic pots, but there were dozens of them piled up behind
257、the flower shop. Such a waste, she thought. When the pots were still there three days later, Rosa went in and asked if she could take some. The flower shop lady said she didnt mind, so Rosa carried home a tower of pots, pretending she was a circus performer on the way. At home, Rosa set th
258、em on the fire escape outside her tiny apartment. And there they sat. Once a gust of wind sent them slipping to the street three floors below, she had to go to run after and catch them before the gathering storm. Every day, Rosa went to work and thought about her pots. She was waiting for something,
259、 but she had patience. At last, the newspaper brought good news. A hardware store had a sale of potting soil. Rosa carefully counted her money, then walked six blocks to the store. She bought six bags and carried them home. She bought seeds, too. Rosa slept well that night and dreamed of masses of f
260、lowers and fruits. Sundays were always good days. Rosa didnt have to work on Sundays. But Rosa couldnt remember when she had had such a good Sunday. She got up early and ate her breakfast on the fire escape with her pots. Then, she began to put soil into the pots. She sang songs
261、until all six of her bags of soil were empty. Then, she laid her precious seed packets out and planned her garden. Tomatoes for the biggest pots, and peppers for the next biggest ones. Flowers in all the rest.At the end of the day, Rosa sat in her garden and watched the sunset. Soon, she thought, th
262、ere would be masses of flowers and fruits. 1.Why did Rosa wait three days before she asked about the pots?A.She didnt like the pots at first.B.She had been waiting for a discount. C.She had no idea how to make use of them.D.She needed to make sure they were unwanted.2.What can we learn abo
263、ut Rosa?A.She was a workaholic.B.She liked taking walks.C.She was poor.D.She liked the sunset.3.How did Rosa feel when planting her garden?A.Hopeful.B.Proud.C.Anxious.D.Lonely. 答案1.D2.C3.APassage 3 (2018北京朝阳第一学期期中, B)词数:365Two graduates from Cambridge University in the United Kingdom found themselve
264、s about to graduate, yet with loans (贷款) to pay off. The pair decided to begin a strange, year-long project to battle their debts.The men, Ross Harper and Edward Moyse, set up the website BuyMyF last October as a way to get rid of the50,000 they shared as student loans. The idea behind the project w
265、as to earn money by selling their faces as advertising space every day for a year. Each day, they advertise a different business by painting the brands name or logo onto their faces and upload the pictures to the homepage of BuyMyF, adding a link to the advertisers website and in
266、cluding a short piece of text about it. After they paint their faces and publish them on the website, Harper and Moyse go out to highly populated areas such as music festivals and theme parks to maximize their faces exposure. They hope more people will pay attention to the advertisements o
267、n their faces. At this time, Harper and Moyse have advertised their faces for over four months without skipping a day and theyre more than halfway to their goal. Though they first started charging a minimum of about 1.60 per company, the prices have risen as their popularity increases. For
268、 advertising space during the rest of April, they range between 250 and 750.Terri L. Rittenburg, associate professor of marketing at the University of Wyoming, said that she had heard of people tattooing (文身) logos on themselves before, but this idea is much better. According to her, at first the id
269、ea would be new and unusual and attract attention. People are interested in this particular style of advertisement and would like to try what they advertise. But she was unsure how long it would last.At least for now, companies that have bought Harper and Moyses faces have written positive
270、 comments on the pairs website. “We had a three percent increase in website traffic on the very day and for two days more afterwards,” said one of the companies.1.At BuyMyF, you can.A.enjoy a good chat with your friendsB.buy everything you want to haveC.share experiences in doing businessD
271、.get information on certain goods2.Harper and Moyse go to highly populated areas to.A.offer their helpB.make more friendsC.show their facesD.raise more money3.We can infer from the passage that the two young men.A.get on well with their projectB.work hard except on holidaysC.plan to open their own c
272、ompanyD.may close their website in the future4.Why does the mens idea of advertising prove to work?A.Because an expert has highly praised them.B.Because people find it unique and appealing.C.Because the products they advertise are reliable.D.Because they receive great help from businesses.
273、答案1.D2.C3.A4.BPassage 4 (2018北京海淀第一学期期中, D)词数:462The aggressive spread of market economics and communication technologiesoften under the control of Western multinational companiesbrings new challenges to local cultures and values in non-Western societies. Sometimes it seems as if a tidal wave of the
274、 worst Western culture is creeping across the globe like a giant strawberry milk shake spill out and over the planet, with a flavor that is distinctly sweet, sickly and apparently homogeneous(同质的).For some, especially the young, change may mean escape from oppressive traditions. It may also bring ne
275、w opportunities for cultures to be combined in creative ways. However, there is genuine cause for concern about the rate at which cultures are being worn away in such a globalized world.Perhaps by far the most important far-reaching effect of cultural globalization is the commercialization of cultur
276、e, which has a disturbing impact on local peoples existing values. They are increasingly bombarded with new images, new music, new clothes and new values. The familiar and old are to be abandoned. While there was cultural change long before globalization, there is a danger that much will b
277、e lost simply because it is not valued by global markets. In West Africa, for example, traditional values have been overtaken by Coca-Cola culture which the local people dont yet have the values to deal with successfully.Another common aspect of the globalized culture is that it pursues(追求
278、) the same “one size fits all” American ideal. The result of this cultural process of homogenization is that a large section of the worlds population dreams of living like The Cosby Show, or like the characters in any other stereotypical American soap opera. In addition, the dream of livin
279、g a better life causes thousands of people to move to already overcrowded cities whose population has boomed by millions within the last decades. The majority of these new immigrants end up in slums leading to poverty, pollution and misery.Such gradual aggression against peoples existing v
280、alues and cultures has a destructive impact on their sense of who they are, what they want and what they respect. It attacks spiritual values and faith traditions. The accumulative(累积的) effect in non-Western societies is a crisis of cultural confidence, combined with the increased economic uncertain
281、ty and crime which global integration(一体化) may bring. This creates real problems for social stability, whether it is at the level of nation, community or family.In conclusion, cultural globalization, or worldwide McDonaldization, destroys diversity and displaces the opportunity to sustain decent lif
282、e through a mixture of many different cultures. It is more a consequence of power concentration in the global media and manufacturing companies than the peoples own wish to abandon their cultural identity and diversity.1.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that .A.non-Western societies will
283、ingly accept economic globalizationB.Western culture unites the worlds economies and technologiesC.the booming of Western culture destroys non-Western societiesD.despite its appeal, westernization shows an unpleasant uniformity2.What is the writers attitude towards cultural globa
284、lization?A.Cautious.B.Critical.C.Positive.D.Neutral.3.The passage is mainly about.A.cultural diversity in globalizationB.challenges to non-Western culturesC.drawbacks of cultural globalizationD.disappearance of non-Western cultures 答案1.D2.B3.C题组三Passage 1 (2018北京东城第一学期期末, D)词数:465SharentingIt⣺
285、11;s the holiday season, the time when we connect with family and friends. Social media sites like Twitter and Facebook are full of festive pictures, featuring parents catching and sharing those special family moments, their childs wish list, and maybe even a cute video of their
286、child dancing to “Jingle Bell Rock” while wearing a diaper(尿片) and Santa hat. Swelling with pride, parents cant wait to get approval with a “thumbs up” or better yet a personalized message on their treasured post.Adults should be able to post what they want online. However, when exposing f
287、amily moments online, are they sharing too much information?Do parents have the right to share those cute now, but embarrassing later moments about kids?Have children willingly given their agreement to share their cute but funny video online?A recent study found that 75% of parents turn to social me
288、dia for parenting-related information and social support. There is even a term used to describe the overuse of sharing information about kids on social media:“sharenting”. Research also finds that “sharenting” isnt going anywhere anytime soon. Whats troublesome is that a typical
289、parent has about 150 Facebook friends and only a third of them are actual friends. So, that brings up questionsWho are we really sharing our information with and why?Who knows when and where that photo could resurface in the future?While theres no reliable information on how young children
290、 feel about things being posted online, we do have information about how teens feel. According to a report by the Family Online Safety Institute, 76% of teens are concerned about their privacy. Many teens constantly search for new apps that allow anonymity. When names are required, they use screen n
291、ames that dont reveal real information. If our teens are doing a better job of protecting themselves online, shouldnt parents take the lead and do the same?Plus, with more and more college admission representatives and potential employers surfing the Internet for potential candid
292、ates, wed hate for one of our posts to change an important decision. Think about it. online reputations are now becoming inseparable from real-life ones.Of course, we can secure our privacy settings, only allowing our friends to view pictures, posts and videos, but that doesnt st
293、op others from uploading our pictures. Adults need to be cautious about sharing information online, especially information about children. So, this holiday season enjoy family time and share those special memories with family and friends. Before clicking the app to upload photos or videos, stop and
294、think twice. 1.Which of the following behaviors is “sharenting”?A.A girl attends a live performance online. B.A father tells his sons story to his colleagues. C.A mother posts her babys pictures on Facebook. D.A boy invites his friends to his birthday party at home. 2.What does t
295、he underlined word “anonymity” in Paragraph 4 mean?A.Ones real name.B.Using strange names. C.Unchangeable names.D.Being unknown by name. 3.Whats the authors attitude toward “sharenting”?A.Sympathetic.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Unconcerned.4.What is the main purpose of the p
296、assage?A.To state an argument.B.To support an opinion. C.To compare different ideas.D.To question a point of view.答案1.C2.D3.B4.APassage 2 (2018北京丰台第一学期期末, D)词数:452Antiquities are ancient objects and artworks. Museums acquire works to display from many different sources. Sometimes they purchase them.
297、 Other times they receive donations. Today there are strict rules forbidding art that has been stolen from other countries. However, antiquities that have been at museums for decades or even centuries may have arrived there by questionable means. Now, some countries claim that museums have a respons
298、ibility to return these antiquities to their original locations.Elgin MarblesThere are many examples of this debate. Perhaps the most famous is the argument between Greece and the UK over the Elgin Marbles. In the early 19th century, the Earl(伯爵) of Elgin had numerous sculptures taken from Greece to
299、 the UK. When he did this, Greece was still a part of the Ottoman Empire. He claimed that he had received a permit to export the sculptures. Today the marbles are on display in the British Museum. However, Greece wants them to be returned to their original location.Should museums return these antiqu
300、ities?Experts disagree. Malcolm Bell says yes. Bell is a retired professor of art at the University of Virginia. He says, “Many antiquities and artworks have special cultural value for a particular community or nation. When these works are removed from their original cultural setting, they lose thei
301、r context and the culture loses a part of its history.”According to Bell, a countrys request for the return of an antiquity “usually has a strong legal basis”. It “was exported illegally, and is now stolen property”. He called the return of antiquities “an expression of justice”.James Cuno
302、 says not always. Cuno is president of an art museum in Los Angeles. Cuno agrees that museums have “a social and legal responsibility” to return illegally exported antiquities. However, he doesnt support the return of legally acquired works.“An area of land held today by a given nation sta
303、te in the past likely belonged to a different political entity(实体). Even if one wanted to reunite scattered works of art, where would one do so?Which among the many countries, cities, and museums in possession of parts of a work of art should be the chosen home of the reunited work?” Cuno believes t
304、hat museums should collect art from the worlds diverse cultures. This should be done “through purchase and working in cooperation with museums and nations around the world”.This debate is far from over. As a complex question with no easy answer, the issue requires more study. 1.The passage
305、 mainly discusses.A.the return of antiquitiesB.the sources of ancient objectsC.the cultural value of artworksD.the responsibility of museums2.For the case of the marbles, Greece and the UK mainly argue over.A.the time of keeping themB.the real country of originC.the identity of the exporterD.the mea
306、ns of acquiring them3.According to the passage, Cuno thinks.A.artworks become valueless away from their cultureB.there is no clear answer to giving back antiquitiesC.museums are responsible for reuniting works of artD.the request for recovering artworks aims to promote justice4.As to the debate, we
307、can learn that.A.the legality of antiquities seems a key factorB.the opinions of experts are completely differentC.museums should look into the sources of antiquities they ownD.the return of antiquities is unlikely due to practical difficulties答案1.A2.D3.B4.APassage 3 (2018北京朝阳一模, C)词数:433Senses That
308、 Work TogetherWhen we think about how our senses work, we usually imagine them operating separately:you sniff a flower, and the smell is delivered uninterruptedly from nose to brain. However, its more complex than that. Most evidence for cross-modal perception (知觉) comes from studies into
309、sound and vision. But research that shows other senses crossing over is coming out all the time, and it seems that even sound and smell sometimes form an unlikely pairing.When New York researchers, Daniel Wesson and Donald Wilson, tried to find out the truth about a “mysterious” area of the brain ca
310、lled the olfactory tubercle, they had to deal with this fact. Originally, they only intended to measure how olfactory tubercle cells in mice responded to smells. But during testing, Wesson noticed that every time he put his coffee cup down, the mouse cells jumped in activity. In fact, the olfactory
311、tubercle is well placed to receive both smell and sound information from the outside world. Later they found that among separate cells, most responded to a smell but a significant number were also active when a sound was made. Some cells even behaved differently when smell and sound were presented t
312、ogether, by increasing or decreasing their activity.Of course, mice arent people, so the research team has been carrying out further experiments. They pulled together a group of people and gave them various drinks to smell. Participants were asked to sniff the drinks, and then match them t
313、o appropriate musical instruments and produce the notes at different levels. The results were interesting:the piano was regularly paired with fruity fragrances;strong smells sounded like the instruments that are made of metal.Further research found that listening to different sounds can change your
314、perceptions. Studying taste this time, the team ordered some special toffee(太妃糖) and put together “soundscapes” corresponding to bitterness and sweetness. Participants tasted similar pieces of toffee while listening to each soundscape, and found the toffee more bitter or sweeter, depending on which
315、soundtrack they were listening to.Studies like this are helping scientists correctly describe our understanding of the senses, and how the brain combines them with its advantage. The consequences are worth considering. Could we see musicians work together with chefs to produce sound-improved food an
316、d drinks?Will you be ordering a coffee with a soundtrack to bring out your favorite smell?That could be one thing you hope coffee shop chains dont get round to. 1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.A lot of research focuses on the senses.B.Sound and vision are relative
317、ly easy to study. C.There can be a link between sound and smell.D.Evidence for the way senses work is hard to obtain.2.In Wesson and Wilsons research,.A.the mice were affected more significantly by soundB.the result confirmed what the researchers had suspectedC.the mice seemed to be afraid
318、 of certain sounds or smells D.the connection between sound and smell was found by chance3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?A.Participants took an active part in the experiments.B.The purpose of the further experiments was totally different.C.The results failed to support what was found in previ
319、ous experiments.D.Experiments showed that links between sound and smell were consistent.4.How does the author feel about the effect of the research?A.She is excited about the creative chances.B.She is surprised at the recent developments. C.She is convinced that the findings will be used soon.D.She
320、is worried about how the knowledge can be applied.答案1.C2.D3.D4.APassage 4(2018北京海淀第一学期期中, C)词数:436A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind:How can willpower be s
321、trengthened?If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong?Avoiding temptation(诱惑) is an effective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the “out of sight, out of mind” principle. One recent study, for instance, found office
322、 workers are less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight. The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling question: When we face too many temptations, are we to fail?Not necessarily. Researchers don
323、1;t believe that ones willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control has been run down. High motivation
324、might help overcome weakened willpowerat least to a point.Willpower may also be made less vulnerable(脆弱的) to being exhausted in the first place. Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another aspect of the muscle compa
325、rison, they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower.The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions
326、 on New Years Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, dont try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same
327、time. Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says, youll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and wont require making decisions at all.Many questions abou
328、t the nature of self-control remain to be answered by further research. Yet it seems likely that with clear goals, good self-monitoring and a little practice, you can train your willpower to stay strong in the face of temptation.1.From the studies in the passage, we learn that.A.people have unlimite
329、d self-controlB.high motivation ensures ones successC.willpower is hardly completely exhausted D.too many temptations often lead to failure2.The underlined phrase “tap into” in Paragraph 3 most probably means.A.make use ofB.run out ofC.buildD.increase3.The author compares self-control to m
330、uscles.A.to prove the long-term effects of willpower B.to show the significance of regular exerciseC.to argue that self-control can be easily used upD.to explain the benefits of practicing self-control4.To develop a good habit, which of the following does the author prefer? A.“I will give up dessert
331、 and do exercise.”B.“I will set three goals this new semester.”C.“I will keep myself from any temptation.”D.“I will read an English novel every month.”答案1.C2.A3.D4.DPassage 5(2017北京海淀二模, B)词数:425What Does the Length of Your Fingers Say about You?Are you the peace-loving type or the ambitious go-gett
332、er?Your finger length might be a clue. Take a look at your fingers. Would you believe me if I told you that the length of your fingers in relation to one another can predict your personality?I know that it sounds like one of those silly tests you see on Facebook, but I have to admit that it is exact
333、ly correct for me. Heres how it works.Look at your three middle fingers of your hand. Is your index finger longer than your ring finger?Is your ring finger longer than your index finger?Or are the two of the same length?Find the situation that best matches your hand and see if what follows
334、 is an accurate description of your personality.Longer ring finger:The Sweet TalkerIf your ring finger is longer than your index finger, research shows that youre likely a charming type, and you can probably talk yourself out of any situation. Others often find this personality type irresi
335、stible and will go to great lengths to help you. Youre more likely to take risks, and youre good at problem-solving. People in this category make great engineers, soldiers and crossword-puzzle solvers.Longer index finger:The(Over)Confident OneIf your index finger is longer than y
336、our ring finger, chances are you are full of confidencepossibly even to the point of being over-confident and proud. You are not necessarily introverted(内向的), but you do enjoy time to yourself, especially when youre trying to complete a project. You are a dream pursuer who can make things
337、happen, but you may be shy when it comes to taking the first step in a relationship. You are also probably happy with what you have, but youre always wishing for more.Index and ring finger are of the same length:The PeacemakerIf your index finger and ring finger are roughly of the same len
338、gth, you are likely to avoid conflict at all costs and seek to keep the peace in your relationships. You are well-organized, faithful and sympathetic. But deep down under all of that caring and peace-loving, you also have a hot-tempered side that can appear unexpectedly when youre pushed t
339、oo far. You will try your hardest to avoid a fight.How well do these descriptions match your personality?I was surprised at the accuracy in my case, but Im not going to tell you which one it was!1.Which of the following hands could be an engineers hand?2.We can learn from the pas
340、sage that the author.A.is very charming and helpfulB.always tries hard to avoid a fightC.often takes silly tests on FacebookD.thinks the descriptions suit him well3.What does the passage intend to tell us?A.How accurate the description of the test is.B.The length of fingers can reveal personality. C
341、.Why your fingers are not of the same length.D.Personality is determined by your finger length.4.Where can you probably find the text?A.In a popular magazine.B.In an official report.C.In a public advertisement.D.In a biology textbook.答案1.A2.D3.B4.A题组四Passage 1(2017北京朝阳第一学期期中, C)词数:415Sharing BeautyI
342、t was in October.I was aimlessly wandering down the street,heading into a most gloriously beautiful sunset.I had an urge to speak to someone on the street to share that beauty,but it seemed everyone was in a hurry.I took the next-best action.Quickly I ducked into a department store and asked the lad
343、y behind the counter if she could come outside for just a minute.She looked at me as though I were from some other planet.She hesitated,and then seemingly against her better judgment,she moved toward the door.When she got outside I said to her,“Just look at that sunset!Nobody out here was looking at
344、 it and I just had to share it with someone.” For a few seconds we just looked.Then I said,“God is in his heaven and all is right with the world.” I thanked her for coming out to see it;she went back inside and I left.It felt good to share the beauty. Four years later my situation changed greatly.I
345、came to the end of a twenty-year marriage.I was alone and on my own for the first time in my life.I lived in a trailer park which,at the time,I considered a real comedown,and I had to do my wash in the community laundry room. One day,while my clothes were going around,I picked up a magazine and read
346、 an article about a woman who had been in similar circumstances.She had come to the end of a marriage,moved to a strange community,and the only job she could find was one she disliked:clothing sales in a department store. Then something that happened to her changed everything.She said a woman came i
347、nto her department store and asked her to step outside to look at a sunset.The stranger had said,“God is in his heaven and all is right with the world,” and she had realized the truth in that statement.From that moment on,she turned her life around.1.The author asked the woman to go outside to.A.adm
348、ire the sunsetB.cheer her upC.offer some helpD.have a chat2.Four years later,the author.A.found her dream jobB.put an end to her marriageC.worked in a laundry room D.lived in the same community3.After reading the article in the magazine,the author was probably.A.disappointedB.puzzledC.inspiredD.over
349、joyed答案1.A2.B3.CPassage 2(2017北京西城一模,D)词数:510In June 2014, Huffington Post and Mail Online reported that three-year-old Victoria Wilcher, who had suffered facial scarring, had been kicked out of a KFC because she was frightening customers. Later, KFC announced that no evidence had been found to supp
350、ort the story. This phenomenon is largely a product of the increasing pressure in newsrooms that care more about traffic figures.Brooke Binkowski, an editor, says that, during her career, she has seen a shift towards less editorial oversight in newsrooms. “Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncrit
351、ically print something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of them are.”Asked what the driving factor was, a journalist said, “Youve an editor breathing down your neck and you have to meet your targets. And there are some young journalists on the market who are inexperienced
352、 and who will not do those checks. So much news that is reported online happens online. There is no need to get out and knock on someones door. You just sit at your desk and do it.”Another journalist says, “There is definitely pressure to churn out(粗制滥造)stories in order to get clicks, beca
353、use they equal money. At my former employer in particular, the pressure was on due to the limited resources. That made the environment quite horrible to work in.”In a February 2015 report for Digital Journalism, Craig Silverman wrote, “Today the bar for what is worth giving attention to seems to be
354、much lower. Within minutes or hours, a badly sourced report can be changed into a story that is repeated by dozens of news websites, resulting in tens of thousands of shares. Once a certain critical mass is reached, repetition has a powerful effect on belief. The rumor(传闻)becomes true for readers si
355、mply by virtue of its ubiquity.”And, despite the direction that some newsrooms seem to be heading in, a critical eye is becoming more, not less important, according to The New York Times public editor, Margaret Sullivan. “Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It&#
356、1049011;s extremely important to question and to use every verification(验证)method available before publication.” Yet those working in newsrooms talk of doubtful stories being tolerated because, in the words of some senior editors, “a click is a click, regardless of the advantage of a story”. And, “i
357、f the story does turn out to be false, its simply a chance for another bite at the cherry.”Verification and fact-checking are regularly falling victim to the pressure to bring in the numbers, and if the only result of being caught out is another chance to bring in the clicks, that looks un
358、likely to change. 1.According to Brooke Binkowski, newsrooms produce false news because.A.clicks matter a lotB.resources are limitedC.budgets are inadequateD.journalists lack experience2.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A.Lies cant sell without an atom of trut
359、h.B.Rumors are like a flame blown by the wind.C.You can hear rumors, but you cant know them.D.A lie, repeated often enough, will end up as truth.3.Whats Margaret Sullivans attitude towards false news online?A.Negative.B.Supportive.C.Sceptical.D.Neutral.4.What is the pas
360、sage mainly about?A.Consequences of false stories.B.Causes of online false news.C.Incompetence of journalists.D.A craze to get clicks.答案1.A2.D3.A4.BPassage 3(2017北京丰台一模, D)词数:369“I Went Skydiving at 84!”As a young girl growing up in the 1930s,I always wanted to fly a plane,but back then it was almos
361、t unheard of for a woman to do that.I got a taste of that dream in 2001,when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday.But the experience turned out to be very dull.Around that time,I told my husband that I wanted to skydive.So when our retirement community(社区)announced
362、 that they were having an essay competition and the topic was an experience of a lifetime that you wanted to have,I decided to write about my dream.In the essay,I wrote about my desire to skydive,stating George Bush Sr.did it at age 80.Why not me?I was just 84 and in pretty good health.A year went b
363、y and I heard nothing.But then at a community party in late April 2009,they announced that I was one of the winners.I just couldnt believe it.Inspired by this,I decided to realize my dream,even though some of my family members and my doctor were against it.On June 11,2009,nearly 40 of my f
364、amily and friends gathered in the area close to where I would land while I headed up in the airplane.My instructor,Jay,guided me through the experience.The plane was the noisiest one I had ever been in,but I wasnt frightenedI was really just looking forward to the experience.When we reache
365、d 13,000 feet,Jay instructed me to throw myself out of the plane.When we first hit the air,the wind was so strong that I could hardly breathe.For a second I thought,“What have I gotten myself into?” But then everything got calmer.We were in a free fall for about a minute before Jay opened the parach
366、ute(降落伞),then we just floated downward for about five minutes.Being up in the clouds and looking at the view below was unlike anything I have ever feltmuch better than the hot air balloon.I was just enjoying it.Skydiving was really one of the greatest experiences of my life.I hope other people will
367、look at me and realize that you dont stop living just because you are 84 years old.If theres something you want to experience,look into it.If its something that is possible,make it happen.1.What happened to the author in 2001?A.She flew an airplane.B.She entered a compe
368、tition.C.She went on a hot air balloon ride.D.She moved into a retirement community.2.The author mentioned George Bush Sr.in her essay to.A.build up her own reputationB.show her admiration for himC.compare their health conditionD.make her argument persuasive3.How did the author feel immediately afte
369、r she jumped out of the plane?A.Excited.B.Scared.C.Nervous.D.Regretful.4.What did the author enjoy most when she was skydiving?A.The beautiful clouds. B.The wonderful view.C.The company of Jay. D.The one-minute free fall.答案1.C2.D3.D4.BPassage 4(2017北京海淀第一学期期中, D)词数:415When Taking an UberShould You T
370、ip or Not?Taking an Uber car may no longer be a direct driver-passenger and guilt-free experience. The ride-sharing experience is about to get awkward.With the wide application of the Internet, Uber, a new approach to your destination instead of taking an ordinary taxi, has become more popular recen
371、tly. However, benefits wont come without its fair share of drawbacks.Uber drivers are a part of the so-called sharing economy:They use their own vehicles, receive customer reviews via the apps five-star rating system and make their own hours. Unlike other services, Uber claimed t
372、hat drivers all over the country could clearly alert customers that tipping is not included. Those drivers that expect to be tipped can make their wishes known. But the company is holding to its official no-tip-required line, according to its website. “Once you arrive at your destination, your fare
373、is automatically charged to your credit card on fileTheres no need to tip.” Although drivers value their independencethe freedom to push a button rather than punch a clock, lack of a clear policy, however, leaves Uber drivers in a vulnerable(脆弱的)position:If they ask a customer for a tip or
374、 put up a sign, that customer could give the driver a low star-rating, and the driver could finally be deactivated from the app.But has the company done a good job working with customers?Some observers say that this new grey area for tipping will create awkwardness about whether they should tip or n
375、otsomething most Uber customers have not had to deal with until now. Uber did not respond to customers comment, just leaving their rating in the air.Providing an option to tip on an app sends a clear message to customers to reach into their pockets. Nearly 30% people would be more likely t
376、o leave a tip if they were presented with a “no tip” button, according to Guinns 2015 survey of roughly 500 people. When people are presented with three tip choices20%,25% or 30%theyre more likely to choose the middle option even if its more than the traditional 20%, ac
377、cording to a separate 2014 analysis of 13 million New York City taxi rides. If the service is twice as expensive during a rain storm or public transport delay, the customer has the right not to tip. However, if the driver is extra helpful or avoids traffic to reach your destination in a more timely
378、manner, you could give an extra tip, says Uber, who will leave tipping options in the hands of the consumer rather than the app.1.Compared with taxi drivers, Uber drivers.A.enjoy more freedom and choicesB.support the companys practiceC.clock up the miles while drivingD.receive customers re
379、views directly2.The underlined word “deactivated” in Paragraph 3 probably means.A.removedB.degradedC.trackedD.charged3.From the survey we can conclude most customers.A.would probably tip if there is an optionB.usually do as the “no tip” sign suggestsC.tip because of Uber drivers good servi
380、ce D.are disappointed to reach into their pockets4.What causes the awkwardness between Uber drivers and their customers?A.Customers take advantage of the new grey area for tipping.B.There is no specific policy from the Uber to follow.C.Its up to customers to decide the drivers ea
381、rnings.D.Customers tend to pay least among the three choices.答案1.A2.A3.B4.BPassage 5(2017北京朝阳第一学期期中, D)词数:400Why Ive Taken a Break from HolidaysIt is now close to four years since I last took a holiday. This is because I have come to the conclusion, over the course of my adult life, that I
382、 am not very good at it. You might think this sounds like saying youre not very good at drinking tea or listening to music. What could possibly be difficult about the natural act of putting your working life on hold for a couple of weeks and going somewhere warm to do nothing?I was a model
383、 holidaymaker as a kid. However, the problems started during my twenties. A trip to the south of France was ended after just two days, mainly because I had an urge to check mye-mails. Similarly, my honeymoon was cut short by 48 hoursnot because my wife and I werent enjoying ourselves, but
384、because we were missing our cats.So what is my problem?On the surface, Im probably a bit of a homebody. And I just find the pressure of being on holiday too severe:it always feels like having a gun held to my head and being forced to have fun. Somehow, packing a list of possessions and mee
385、ting a scheduled flight has none of the excitement of suddenly deciding to take a day off and driving somewhere for the fun of it.Thankfully, Im not alone. This summer, most of my friends have decided not to have a break. And a recent survey(调查)proved the downside of holidays, with the res
386、ults showing that nearly two thirds of people found that the calming effects of a holiday wore off within 24 hours, as stress levels returned to normal. And this year The Idler magazine published its Book of Awful Holidays. Here you will find a list of the five most ecologically-damaging vacations i
387、ts possible to take, along with 50 painful holiday experiences voted for on The Idler website. What interests me is what the concept of a“holiday” says about our lives. For me, the point of living is to have a life you enjoy for 52 weeks a year. The more I like my life and the better I str
388、ucture it, the less I want to go away. Maybe Im an unusual person for not liking holidays, but I just feel the time when Im not working is too valuable to waste on them.1.The events the author describes in the second paragraph show. A.how hard he has tried to enjoy holidaysB.how
389、badly he behaves when he is on holidayC.his lack of enthusiasm for being on holidayD.his fear of something bad when he is on holiday2.What does the author think of holidays?A.They are often well organized in order to please other people.B.He feels embarrassed when other people are having fun but he
390、isnt.C.He tends to be made responsible for too much of the organization of them.D.They are less enjoyable than breaks that have not been planned in advance.3.The underlined word “downside” in the fourth paragraph probably means.A.absenceB.damageC.disadvantageD.conflict4.What is the authors attitude towards “taking a holiday”?A.Disapproving.B.Supportive.C.Neutral.D.Unconcerned.答案1.D2.D3.C4.A
