1、房山区2019-2020学年度第一学期期末检测试卷高一英语本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。One day, my wife wanted me to take my mother out to dinner and a movie. She said, I know she lov
2、es you and would love to spend some time with you. My mother _1_(be) a widow（寡妇）for 19 years, but the demands of my work and my three _2_(child) had made it impossible to visit her very often. That night I called to invite her to go out for dinner and a movie. She thought about it for a moment, and
3、then said, I would like_3_(spend) the night with you very much.【答案】1. has been 2. children 3. to spend【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的母亲生前为作者做的事，告诉读者爱就是那个心里对某人的不离不弃。【1题详解】考查现在完成时态。句意：我母亲已经守寡19年了。可知，句子用现在完成时态，再根据句子主语是My mother，属于单数第三人称，故填has been。【2题详解】考查名词复数。根据空格前的three可知，空格后面的名词用复数形式，故填children。【3题详解】考查固定结构。
4、句意：我很想和你一起过夜。固定结构：would like to do sth.“愿意做某事”。故填to spend。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch _4_ the people that we want to. Social media tools let us see what our friends are doing _5_ we have a Wi-Fi connect
5、ion. The digital age also enables us to find people _6_ share our interests, such as collecting model cars or playing an unusual instrument. Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy _7_(do) them, even if they live on the other side of the world.【答案】4. with 5. if/w
6、hen 6. who 7. doing【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是高科技时代，是互联网把我们联系在一起。【4题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：如今，我们可以周游世界，仍然与我们想要的人保持联系。固定搭配：stay in touch with sb.“与保持联系”。故填with。【5题详解】考查连词。句意：如果我们有Wi-Fi连接，社交媒体工具可以让我们看到朋友们在做什么。/当我们有Wi-Fi连接时，社交媒体工具让我们看到我们的朋友在做什么。结合句意，可知此处是if引导的条件状语从句或when引导的时间状语从句。故填if/when。【6题详解】考查定语从句。句意：数字时代还使我们能够找
7、到与我们有共同兴趣的人，比如收集汽车模型或演奏一种不同寻常的乐器。此处people是先行词，指人，放在后面的定语从句中作主语，故填who。【7题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：不管我们的爱好是什么，互联网可以把我们和那些喜欢做这些事情的人联系起来，即使他们住在世界的另一端。固定搭配：enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。此处是动名词作宾语，故填doing。【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题第3小题中先行词为名词people，再分析先行词people在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词people带到从句中可知
8、，只能作主语，故确定关系词为who。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Spring usually _8_(begin) on February 3-5 every year. From this day on, the days get longer and the weather gets _9_(warm). In addition, from this day to summer, we usually call this period the spring. Besides, its also
9、 a traditional festival in China - on behalf of the beginning of the new year. So it _10_(value) greatly by Chinese people. There exists the popular custom of eating spring rolls and cakes on that day, so it has another saying of biting spring.【答案】8. begins 9. warmer 10. is valued【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述春天给
10、我们带来变化。【8题详解】考查一般现在时态。句意：春天通常在每年的2月3-5日开始。根据every year可知句子用一般现在时态，再根据句子主语Spring是单数第三人称，故填begins。【9题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：从这一天开始，白天变长，天气变暖。根据句意和longer可知此处用形容词比较级，故填warmer。【10题详解】考查一般现在时态的被动语态。句意：因此，它被中国人非常重视。此处value是动词，意思是“重视”，这里在将一个客观事实，且句子主语it和value之间是一种被动关系，所以用一般现在时态的被动语态，故填is valued。第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.
11、5分，共30分）阅读下面短文。掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Who to Believe?My doctors told me I would never walk again because of the illness. My mother told me I would. I believed my mother.Wilma Rudolph was born in 1940 into a very large and poor African-American family in Tennessee. When she was f
12、our years old, a deadly _11_ made her left leg useless. She had to wear an iron leg brace（固定器）. Her doctors told her she would never _12_ like a normal person without the brace. _13_ she was fortunate in having a mother who encouraged her to have faith and _14_.At nine years of age, the little girl
13、_15_ the leg brace and took the step that her doctors had said was_16_. Then she got the incredible idea that she would like to be the worlds greatest woman _17_. Now, what cold she mean - be a professional sportswoman with a useless leg?At the age of thirteen, she began to enter races, but she came
14、 in last in every race. Everyone begged her to _18_ it. One day, however, she came in next to last. Then there came a day when she won a race. From then on, she _19_ every race that she entered.In 1957, Wilma went to Tennessee State University, where she met a _20_ named Ed Temple. He trained her so
15、 well that in 1960 she went to the Olympic Games in Rome. There she _21_ a German girl named Jutta Heine, the greatest woman runner of the day. Wilma had just won two Olympic gold medals both in the 100-metre sprint（冲刺）and the 200-metre sprint. Then came the 400-metre _22_. It would be Wilma against
16、 Jutta. When the third runner handed the baton（接力棒）to Wilma, she was so excited that she _23_ it, and Wilma saw Jutta taking off down the track. It was impossible that anybody could catch this girl. But Wilma did just that! Wilma Rudolph had _24_ her third Olympic gold medal in the 17th Olympic Game
17、s.That day Wilma made history as she became the first woman to win three gold medals in the same Olympic Games. Later she said. The success cant be reached without the _25_. I have spent a lifetime trying to share what it has meant to be a woman first in the world of sports so that other young women
18、 have a chance to reach their _26_.Wilma had never _27_ that she would not walk again and she kept struggling and finally earned the title of the worlds _28_ woman. Her story told us it is our _29_ that show what we truly are far more than our _30_.11. A. fallB. cutC. illnessD. accident12 A. learnB.
19、 walkC. danceD. speak13. A. AndB. ForC. SoD. Yet14. A. courageB. stageC. intelligenceD. collection15. A. removedB. boughtC. appliedD. checked16. A. dependableB. unnecessaryC. impossibleD. reasonable17. A. doctorB. runnerC. writerD. lawyer18. A. changeB. challengeC. acceptD. stop19. A. wonB. examined
20、C. reflectedD. practised20. A. professorB. reporterC. coachD. scientist21. A. metB. beatC. huggedD. observed22. A. relayB. trainingC. fencingD. swimming23. A. caughtB. heldC. grabbedD. dropped24. A. designedB. earnedC. madeD. found25. A. struggleB. medalC. praiseD. brace26. A. careersB. dreamsC. tit
21、lesD. resources27. A. realizedB. expressedC. believedD. regretted28. A. smartestB. richestC. fastestD. bravest29. A. educationB. confidenceC. adventureD. choices30. A. responsibilitiesB. performancesC. experiencesD. abilities【答案】11. C 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. A
22、 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了三枚奥运金牌获得者Wilma Rudolph的故事。医生曾宣布她如果不带支架就不能走路，然而她在九岁时迈出了不可思议的第一步，她想成为世界上最伟大的女跑步运动员，最终她在第17届奥运会上赢得三枚金牌。她的故事告诉我们，我们的选择远比我们的能力更能反映出我们的本性。【11题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她四岁时，一场致命的疾病使她的左腿失去了功能。A. fall 落下，跌倒；B. cut切。割，伤口；C. illness疾病；D. accident事故。根据
23、第1空后的made her left leg useless可知，她得了“疾病”。故选C。【12题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的医生告诉她，如果不带支架，她走路就不会像正常人一样。A. learn学习；B. walk散步；C. dance 跳舞；D. speak讲话。根据like a normal person without the brace.可知，没有支架就不能“走路”。故选B。【13题详解】考查并列连词。句意：但幸运的是，她有一个鼓励她有信心和勇气的母亲。A. And和；B. For因为；C. So所以；D. Yet然而。根据she would never _2_ like a n
24、ormal person without the brace. 和 she was fortunate可知，前后是一种转折关系，故选D。【14题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但幸运的是，她有一个鼓励她有信心和勇气的母亲。A. courage 勇气；B. stage舞台；C. intelligence智力；D. collection收集。根据空格4前的encouraged her to have faith可知，妈妈鼓励她，让她有了自信和“勇气”。故选A。【15题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：九岁时，小女孩取下了腿上的支架，迈出了医生说不可能的一步。A. removed去掉，转移；B. boug
25、ht买；C. applied应用；D. checked核对。根据took the step可知，“取下”了支架。故选A。【16题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：九岁时，小女孩取下了腿上的支架，迈出了医生说不可能的一步。A. dependable可靠的；B. unnecessary不必要的；C. impossible不可能的；D. reasonable合情合理的。根据前文Her doctors told her she would never _2_ like a normal person without the brace.可知，医生认为没支架走路是“不可能”。故选C。【17题详解】考查名词
26、词义辨析。句意：然后她有了一个不可思议的想法，她想成为世界上最伟大的女跑步运动员。A. doctor医生；B. runner跑步者；C. writer作者；D. lawyer律师。根据空格7后的Now, what cold she mean - be a professional sportswoman with a useless leg?可知，她想成为一个“跑步者”。故选B。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人都恳求她停止。A. change改变；B. challenge 挑战；C. accept接受；D. stop停止。根据she began to enter races, bu
27、t she came in last in every race. Everyone begged her可知，人们祈求她“停止”。故选D。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，她参加的每一场比赛都获胜。A. won赢得；B. examined检查；C. reflected反射；D. practised练习。根据when she won a race. From then on,和every race that she entered.可知，她“赢得”每场比赛。故选A。【20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：1957年，威尔玛去了田纳西州立大学，在那里她遇到了一位名叫艾德坦普尔的教练。
28、A. professor教授；B. reporter记者；C. coach教练；D. scientist科学家。根据空格10后的He trained her so well that in 1960 she went to the Olympic Games in Rome.可知，Ed Temple是一名“教练”。故选C。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，她打败了一个名叫尤塔海涅的德国女孩，她是当时最伟大的女赛跑运动员。A. met遇见；B. beat打败；C. hugged拥抱；D. observed观察。根据第11空后的Wilma had just won two Olympi
29、c gold medals both in the 100-metre sprint（冲刺）and the 200-metre sprint.可知，她“打败”了Jutta Heine。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：接着是400米接力赛。A. relay接力赛；B. training 训练；C. fencing剑术；D. swimming游泳。根据下文的hen the third runner handed the baton（接力棒）to Wilma可知，此处指400米“接力比赛”。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当第三名选手把接力棒交给威尔玛时，她激动得把接力棒
30、掉了，威尔玛看到尤塔沿着跑道起跑。A. caught 抓住；B. held 握住，举行；C. grabbed捕获；D. dropped下降。根据空格13下文，Wilma saw Jutta taking off down the track. It was impossible that anybody could catch this girl. But Wilma did just that!可知，Wilma由于兴奋没有接住接力棒。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：威尔玛鲁道夫在第17届奥运会上获得了她的第三枚奥运金牌。A. designed设计；B. earned 挣得；C.
31、 made制造；D. found发现。根据前文的Wilma had just won two Olympic gold medals both in the 100-metre sprint（冲刺）and the 200-metre sprint.和空格14后的her third Olympic gold medal in the 17th Olympic Games可知，她“赢得”了第三枚奥运金牌。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有奋斗就不可能取得成功。A. struggle挣扎，奋斗；B. medal奖牌；C. praise赞扬；D. brace支架，夹子。根据空格7后的N
32、ow, what cold she mean - be a professional sportswoman with a useless leg?和她在第17届奥运会上获得3枚金牌，可知，没有奋斗，就没有成功。故选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我花了一生的时间来分享在体育界作为女性的意义，这样其他年轻女性就有机会实现她们的梦想。A. careers 职业；B. dreams梦想；C. titles标题；D. resources资源。根据other young women have a chance可知，通过自己成功的例子，她认为其他女性也有机会实现自己的“梦想”。故选B。【27题
33、详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：威尔玛从来没有想过她再也不能走路了，她一直在努力奋斗，最终赢得了世界上跑得最快的女人的称号。A. realized意识到；B. expressed 表达；C. believed相信；D. regretted后悔。根据never _17_ that she would not walk again可知，她从来不“相信”医生说的她不能走路。故选C。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：威尔玛从来没有想过她再也不能走路了，她一直在努力奋斗，最终赢得了世界上跑得最快的女人的称号。A. smartest最聪明的；B. 最richest富裕的；C. fastest最快速的；
34、D. bravest最勇敢的。她获得了100米、200米和400米接力的金牌，可知她是世界上跑的“最快的”女性。故选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的故事告诉我们，我们的选择远比我们的能力更能反映出我们的本性。A. education教育；B. confidence自信；C. adventure冒险；D. choices选择。根据上文Then she got the incredible idea that she would like to be the worlds greatest woman _7_.可知，“选择”非常重要。故选D。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的
35、故事告诉我们，我们的选择远比我们的能力更能反映出我们的本性。A. responsibilities责任；B. performances演出；C. experiences经历；D. abilities能力。通过她成功的例子，证明选择比“能力”更能反映出本性。故选D。【点睛】在做完形填空时一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/whats more/though等词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文，起着承上起下的作用。像but（但是）、however（然而），表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对。把握住这
36、一点，做起题来就会得心应手。本题第3小题，句意：但幸运的是，她有一个鼓励她有信心和勇气的母亲。A. And和；B. For因为；C. So所以；D. Yet然而。根据she would never _2_ like a normal person without the brace. 和 she was fortunate可知，前后是一种转折关系，故选D。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWelcome to the 4-Day Wonderful Life
37、ExperienceThis 4-day sightseeing tour covers the most famous elements（元素）of China: the historical sites, natural scenery, unique culture, and lovely giant pandas.Day 1 Beijing ArrivalYour guide will meet you at the arrivals hall. An experienced driver will transfer you to your hotel. Your guide will
38、 help you to check-in.You may start your first day wandering through Tiananmen Square and arrive at the Forbidden City to have a little adventure in the previous home to emperors. After lunch at a local restaurant, youll explore the centuries-old hutongs to get a taste of the locals lifestyle: makin
39、g dumplings in a local familys home, trying your hand at Chinese writing brush, or applying Peking Opera facial makeup.Day 2 The Summer Palace and the Great WallFreshen up in the morning and start your day at Summer Palace, enjoying the 300-year-old royal garden. Take a pleasant boat ride on the lak
40、e and take a walk in the long corridors（走廊）to view the beautiful paintings on the ceilings.After enjoying some Beijing Roast Duck for lunch, well go on our tour to visit the Great Wall at Mutianyu. Walk through the watchtowers, enjoying a wonderful view of the wall winding across the mountains. The
41、cable car to a good section of the Great Wall is included.Day 3 The Terracotta Army（兵马俑）At 7 in the morning, you will be driven to the airport for your flight to Xian. Your guide will be waiting for you and will transfer you to your hotel.Everything in Xian is about history. The Terracotta Army, wit
42、h each figure being unique, has guarded Emperor Qin Shi Huangs tomb since 210 BC.After lunch, youll visit the 600-year-old ancient city wall. Walking along Xian City Wall provides a good view of the city.Day 4 One-Day Panda Keeper ProgramIn the morning, youll get onto a high-speed train to Chengdu,
43、where you can get close to giant pandas. You will get very close to them and learn more about them during the Panda Keeper Program in Dujiangyan Panda Base. Under the guidance of an English-speaking member of staff, you will clean the panda enclosures, feed a panda by hand and make cakes for them.Af
44、ter the tour, the driver will transfer you to the airport at 9 pm, and take you all the way to the security gate for your convenience.China visas provided PLUS a free dinner or snack tourValid: Nov.20, 2019-Dec.2, 2020Please click here for more detailed information.31. The passage is mainly introduc
45、ing _.A. the culture and history of ChinaB. a sightseeing program in ChinaC. some famous buildings in ChinaD. some special experiences in China32. Those places are chosen to be introduced because _.A. the sceneries are beautifulB. they are symbols of ChinaC. their buildings are world famousD. their
46、culture and history are famous33. The intended readers of the passage are _.A. parentsB. researchersC. historiansD. foreigners【答案】31. B 32. B 33. D【解析】本文是广告类阅读。这篇文章主要介绍了中国的一个观光旅游项目欢迎来到四天的精彩生活体验。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据标题Welcome to the 4-Day Wonderful Life Experience“欢迎来到为期4天的精彩人生体验”和第一段This 4-day sightseeing
47、 tour covers the most famous elements（元素）of China: the historical sites, natural scenery, unique culture, and lovely giant pandas.“这趟为期四天的观光之旅涵盖了中国最著名的元素:名胜古迹、自然风光、独特的文化和可爱的大熊猫。”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了中国的一个观光旅游项目。故选B。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段This 4-day sightseeing tour covers the most famous elements（元素）of China: the
48、 historical sites, natural scenery, unique culture, and lovely giant pandas.“这趟为期四天的观光之旅涵盖了中国最著名的元素:名胜古迹、自然风光、独特的文化和可爱的大熊猫。”和文中介绍的四天所体验的地方。可知，之所以选择这些地方作为介绍对象，是因为它们是中国的象征。故选B。【33题详解】推理判断题。文中所介绍的这些地方是中国的象征符号，为中国人所熟悉。再根据文章最后China visas provided PLUS a free dinner or snack tour“中国签证还提供免费的晚餐或小吃之旅”。由此推知，这
49、篇文章的目标读者是外国人。故选D。BWang Daheng, Father of Chinese Optical EngineeringIn 1949, the field of applied optical（光学）science didnt exist in China. Understanding its importance for national strength, the Chinese government paid much attention to optical research.Wang Daheng, a respected optical physicist, de
50、voted his whole life to this cause. He kept watching on the development of Chinas first optical glass, first electronic microscope, first laser device, and first large-size optical measuring equipment, and helped to found the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He was called the father of Chinese optica
51、l engineering.As a teenager, Wang Daheng often followed his father to the observatory and became greatly interested in the apparatus（仪器）there. In 1936, he graduated from Tsinghua University with a degree in physics. Two years later, he won a government scholarship to study in England. After earning
52、his masters degree from Imperial College London in 1940, he began his doctoral studies in optical physics and technology.In 1948, Wang gave up his established career and comfortable life in the West and returned to his motherland with the aim of empowering it（增强它的自主权）through science and technology.
53、At the time China did not have the capability to produce optical measuring equipment on its own. In 1951, Wang was instructed to found an institute of fine mechanics and was appointed its first president. Within less than two years, Wang and his team produced the first group of China-made optical gl
54、ass. Over the following six years, they went on to develop the countrys first electronic microscope, first high-precision theodolite（经纬仪）, first optical range finder, and five other optical devices, laying the foundation for Chinas precision optical instrument industry. In 1961, they independently d
55、eveloped the ruby laser in China. In addition to scientific research, Wang advanced the study of optics in higher education.Starting in the 1960s, Wang participated in optical research related to the development of nuclear bombs, missiles, and man-made satellites. In 1970, China successfully launche
56、d the Dongfanghong I satellite, of which Wang was one of the designers. When the satellite returned to Earth, the devices they designed brought back clear images of our home planet as seen from the outer space for the first time.To close the technological gap between China and developed countries, W
57、ang and three other scientists made the suggestion of drawing up a state hi-tech development plan in 1986, which led to the famous 863 Program.In 1992, Wang and a group of other scientists called for the creation of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. In the following years, he won many honors from
58、the state. He passed away in Beijing aged 96 on July 21, 2011 after living a full and fruitful life.34. Why did Wang Daheng return to China from West?A. To earn his masters degree.B. To get together with his family.C. To do contribution to his country.D. To won honors in the motherland35. Why is Wan
59、g Daheng called the Father of Chinese Optical Engineering?A. Because he drew up the hi-tech development.B. Because he participated in the optical research.C. Because he was a famous and respected physicist.D. Because he achieved many firsts in Optical engineering.36. Which word can best describe Wan
60、g Daheng?A. Friendly.B. Positive.C. Devoted.D. Humorous.37. The passage is organized in order of _.A. timeB. spaceC. importanceD. effectiveness【答案】34. C 35. D 36. C 37. A【解析】这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了中国光学工程之父王大珩以及他为国家做出的贡献。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句In 1948, Wang gave up his established career and comfortable life in
61、 the West and returned to his motherland with the aim of empowering it（增强它的自主权）through science and technology.“1948年，王大珩放弃了在西方已确立的事业和舒适的生活，回到祖国，希望通过科学技术使祖国强大起来。”由此可知，王大珩之所以从西方回到中国为了给他的国家做贡献。故选C。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中He kept watching on the development of Chinas first optical glass, first electronic mic
62、roscope, first laser device, and first large-size optical measuring equipment, and helped to found the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He was called the father of Chinese optical engineering.“他一直关注着中国第一个光学玻璃、第一个电子显微镜、第一个激光装置、第一个大型光学测量设备的发展，并帮助建立了中国工程院。他被称为中国光学工程之父。”由此可知，王大珩之所以被称为中国光学工程之父是因为他在光学工程方面取
63、得了许多第一。故选D。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Wang Daheng, a respected optical physicist, devoted his whole life to this cause.“王大珩，一位受人尊敬的光学物理学家，毕生致力于这一事业。”由此可知，描述王大珩最好的词语是“Devoted”。故选C。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中In 1936, he graduated from Tsinghua University with a degree in physics. Two years later, he won a governmen
64、t scholarship to study in England. After earning his masters degree from Imperial College London in 1940,和第四段中In 1948, In 1951, In 1961, 以及下文中的Starting in the 1960s, In 1970, in 1986, In 1992, on July 21, 2011由此可以看出，这篇文章是按时间顺序组织的。故选A。CEmperor PenguinsEmperor penguins are considered the most beautifu
65、l and the largest of all penguins. They are amazing birds. They are good survivors, excellent swimmers and great parents. Do you know where we can see them?You are absolutely right! Antarctica. Only Antarctica!Antarctica is the continent which is the most southern area of land on the Earth and is mo
66、stly covered with ice. It is colder, drier and windier than any other place on the Earth. The lowest temperature can reach -89.2. In order to survive the extremely tough environment, emperor penguins have to cooperate. They crowd together to protect themselves from the wind and keep warm. Meanwhile,
67、 they take turns to move to the relatively warm inside.Emperor penguins live on a diet which consists of different types of fish and other kinds of sea life. To find food, these birds, which are unable to fly, can dive much deeper than any other kind of penguin. Their dives often reach about 244 met
68、res, and they can even dive to more than 535 metres when necessary. They can remain under water for almost 18 minutes, longer than any other kind of penguin.Emperor penguins have a very hard time bringing up their babies. They have to go to great lengths to care for their children. After laying an e
69、gg, the tired female emperor penguin will leave the family behind to feed at sea, while the male is left to take care of the egg. For two months, the father, whose duty is to keep the egg safe and warm, carries his egg around on his feet and will give up eating until the mother returns. He does not
70、sit on the egg like many other birds, but stands and balances it on his feet. Thus he is at the mercy of the Antarctic weather. When the mother returns from the sea, sometimes up to 60-80 kilometres away, she throws up some of the food for the chick and takes the males place to look after it. The fa
71、ther then takes his turn to feed at sea. Cooperative parenting at its finest.By December, during the Antarctic summer, when the ice begins to break up and open water appears, the young emperor penguins are now ready to be excellent survivors, good swimmers and great parents on their own. What an ama
72、zing cycle it is!38. The underlined word cooperate in the third paragraph means _.A. work togetherB. fight against coldC. protect themselvesD. move to warm places39. Emperor penguins _.A. feed on only certain types of fishB. live in the most terrible weather conditionsC. are amazing birds that can b
73、oth fly and swimD. stay in water 18 minutes longer than other penguins40. From the passage, we know that emperor penguins are _.A. great parents who sit on eggs to keep them warmB. the most beautiful and the largest birds in the worldC. good survivors and they move to warm places in winterD. excelle
74、nt swimmers and they can dive deeper than other penguins41. We can learn from the passage that _.A the chicks break up the eggshells in summerB. an Emperor Penguin lays several eggs at a timeC. the male Emperor Penguins hatch the eggs in winterD. the chicks are ready to live on their own one year la
75、ter【答案】38. A 39. B 40. D 41. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍生活在南极的帝企鹅。【38题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中They crowd together to protect themselves from the wind and keep warm. Meanwhile, they take turns to move to the relatively warm inside.“他们挤在一起防风保暖。同时，他们轮流移动到相对温暖的内部。”由此可知，为了在极其恶劣的环境下生存它们必须“合作”。所以划线词的意思是“合作”。故选A。【39题详解】推理
76、判断题。根据第三题Antarctica is the continent which is the most southern area of land on the Earth and is mostly covered with ice. It is colder, drier and windier than any other place on the Earth. The lowest temperature can reach -89.2.“南极洲是地球上最南部的陆地，大部分被冰覆盖。它比地球上任何其他地方都要冷、干燥、多风。最低温度可达-89.2。”可知，帝企鹅生活在最恶劣的天气
77、条件下。故选B。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据句第四段中To find food, these birds, which are unable to fly, can dive much deeper than any other kind of penguin.“为了寻找食物，这些不会飞的鸟可以比任何其他种类的企鹅潜得更深。”可知，帝企鹅是优秀的游泳者，他们可以比其他企鹅潜得更深。故选D。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中After laying an egg, the tired female emperor penguin will leave the family behind
78、 to feed at sea, while the male is left to take care of the egg.“下蛋后，疲惫不堪的雌帝企鹅会离开家去海上觅食，而雄帝企鹅会留下来照顾蛋。”和倒数第一段中By December, during the Antarctic summer, when the ice begins to break up and open water appears, the young emperor penguins are now ready to be excellent survivors, good swimmers and great p
79、arents on their own. “到了12月，也就是南极的夏季，冰层开始破裂，开阔的水面出现，年幼的帝企鹅已经准备好成为优秀的幸存者、游泳好手和伟大的父母。”由此推知，雄性帝企鹅在冬天孵蛋。故选C。【点睛】做词义猜测题时利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，最常见的就是利用上下文语境、常识和语法关系推断词义，尤其是抓住所需推断词汇前后的内容。本题第1小题，根据第三段中They crowd together to protect themselves from the wind and keep warm. Meanwhile, they take turns
80、 to move to the relatively warm inside.“他们挤在一起防风保暖。同时，他们轮流移动到相对温暖的内部。”由此可知，为了在极其恶劣的环境下生存它们必须“合作”。所以划线词的意思是“合作”。故选A。DStrangers Under the Same RoofDoes every dinner with your parents seem to turn into an argument? Have your once warm and open conversations become cold and guarded? Do you feel that you
81、 just cannot see eye to eye with them on anything? You are not alone. Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents.Teenagers physical changes may result in such family tensions. You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, sho
82、oting up in height or getting left far behind. You might worry about your changing voice, weight problems or spots（粉刺）.When it all gets too much, your parents are often the first targets of your anger.It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too. You enter a strange middle gr
83、ound - no longer a small child but not quite an adult. You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents love and support. You feel ready to be more responsible and make decisions on your own. Unfortunately, your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unh
84、appy. Why cant they just let me go? you may wonder. On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient-sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride. It can be difficult when your parents treat you like a child but expect you t
85、o act like an adult. All of this can lead to a breakdown in your relationship.Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family, you can take action to improve the situation. The key to keeping the peace is regular and honest communication. When you disagree with your parents，take a
86、 minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view. Perhaps they have experienced something similar and do not want you to go through the same pain. After you have thought it through, explain your actions and feelings calmly, listen carefully，and address their concerns
87、. Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will lean when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control.Just remember that it is completely a common thing to struggle with the stress that parent child tensions create, and that you and your parents can work together to improve
88、your relationship. The good news is that this stormy period will not last. Everything will turn out all right in the end, and the changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood.42. The first paragraph is mainly introducing _.A. the importance of close family relationship
89、sB the quarrels between teenagers and their parentsC. the wall of trust between parents and their teenagersD. the common conversations between parents and children43. What mainly causes the teenagers family tensions according to the author?A. Their parents attitude towards them.B. Parents strict con
90、trol over their teenagers.C. Parents expectation on their childrens development.D. Teenagers physical changes and their mental needs.44. What would the author agree according to the passage?A. Parents should let go of the control over their teenagers.B. Teenagers should always follow their parents p
91、oints of view.C. Parents and teenagers should always keep open conversations.D. Teenagers should not depend on their parents love and support.45. The author thinks the stress that family tensions cause is _.A. normalB. terribleC. avoidableD. natural【答案】42. B 43. D 44. C 45. A【解析】这是一篇议论文。激烈的争论和冷冷的沉默在
92、青少年和他们的父母之间很常见。文章论述了如何看待青少年和父母之间的紧张关系以及解决的方法。【42题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents.“激烈的争论和冷冷的沉默在青少年和他们的父母之间很常见。”可知，第一段主要介绍了青少年和父母之间的争吵第一段主要介绍了青少年和父母之间的争吵。故选B。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Teenagers physical changes may result in such family tensi
93、ons. “青少年的身体变化可能会导致这样的家庭紧张。”和第三段第一句It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too.“平衡你不断发展的心理需求也是一件令人头疼的事情。”由此可知，青少年的身体变化和心理需求是造成青少年家庭关系紧张的主要原因。故选D。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中The key to keeping the peace is regular and honest communication. “保持和平的关键是定期和诚实的沟通。”和After you have thought it
94、 through, explain your actions and feelings calmly, listen carefully，and address their concerns. Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will lean when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control.“在你想清楚之后，冷静地解释你的行为和感受，仔细倾听，并解决他们的担忧。通过这种健康的讨论，你将学会什么时候让步，什么时候要求父母放松控制。”由此可知，父母
95、和青少年应该保持开放的对话。故选C。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中Just remember that it is completely a common thing to struggle with the stress that parent child tensions create, and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship.“只要记住，与父母和孩子之间的紧张关系所产生的压力作斗争是完全正常的，你和你的父母可以共同努力来改善你们的关系。”由此可知，作者认为家庭紧张引
96、起的压力是正常的。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The Amazon Rainforest: A Natural TreasureWelcome to the Amazon rainforest. As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earths ecosystem.The Amazon rainforest cro
97、sses into eight countries. With an area of around 5.5 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6,400 kilometres in length. On its journey from the mountains to the ocean the river support
98、s many different ecosystems. _46_Of the 390000 plant species known to man, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. The forests different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the
99、 dark forest floor. _47_ Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods, and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mamma
100、ls hide among the jungles plant life. This jaguar is one example. It has yellowish-brown coat with black spots. While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forests food chain. _48_ These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. When a jagu
101、ar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 percent of all the Earths oxygen. _49_ Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that
102、 can be used for food or medicine. Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals: us._50_ As the impact of human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question:
103、can we afford to damage the lungs of the planet?A. They feed on at least 87 species, including frogs.B. Thus, it is often known as the lungs of the planet.C. Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest.D. The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.E. They give this area
104、the richest species of plants and animals on the Earth.F. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tonnes of CO2 each year.G. Over the past 50 years, 17 percent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities.【答案】46. E 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. G【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍亚马逊雨林。它是一个自然
105、宝藏，但在过去的50年里，17%的雨林由于人类活动而消失。【46题详解】根据上文提示“在从山脉到海洋的旅程中，这条河支持着许多不同的生态系统。”承接上文，E项They give this area the richest species of plants and animals on the Earth.（他们给这个地区带来了地球上最丰富的动植物物种。）切题。故选E。【47题详解】根据上文提示“上面是黑暗的森林地面上的落叶。”再根据空格下文“然后是高耸的古代硬木，最后是高出地面许多米的最高树木的顶部。”承接上下文，D项The next level is made up of shorter
106、plants with large leaves.（下一层是由长着大叶子的矮植物组成的。）切题。故选D。【48题详解】根据上文提示“虽然大量的美洲虎在这里生存，但它们只是这片森林食物链的一部分。”再根据下文提示“反过来，这些青蛙以吃树叶和水果的昆虫为食。”承接上下文，A项They feed on at least 87 species, including frogs.（它们以至少87种动物为食，包括青蛙。）切题。故选A。【49题详解】上文提示“亚马逊雨林通过固定碳和生产地球上20%以上的氧气给地球带来了生机。”再根据下文提示“此外，亚马逊雨林是物种的宝库，可以用于食物或药物。”承接上下文，B
107、项Thus, it is often known as the lungs of the planet.（因此，它经常被称为“地球的肺”。）切题。故选B。【50题详解】根据下文提示“随着农业和养牛等人类活动的影响持续增长，濒临灭绝的物种名单越来越长，我们面临一个问题:我们是否有能力破坏地球的肺?”承接下文，G项Over the past 50 years, 17 percent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities.（在过去的50年里，17%的雨林由于人类活动而消失。）切题。故选G。第三部分：书面表达（15分）51.
108、假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国笔友Peter来信询问你高一学校生活的情况。请你给他回信，内容包括：1.你的学校生活；2.你的感受；3.询问他的情况。注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Peter,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Peter,Im very pleased to tell you how I get along with my high school as you want to learn about it. It is going really well.Located in a beautiful and quiet
109、neighborhood, my school is an ideal place to get us the all-round development. Apart from the excellent teachers, the public transportation is also convenient. Our school life is busy and exciting. There are many activities in our school that we all enjoy taking part in. I have made many new friends
110、 and we often help and learn from each other. What about you? May your school life be filled with achievements and happiness.YoursLi Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封信。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封书信：假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国笔友Peter来信询问你高一学校生活的情况。请你给他回信，内容包括：1.你的学校生活；2.你的感受；3.询问他的情况。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：pleased to tel
111、l you（高兴地告诉你）；going really well（真的变好）；Located in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood（位于一个美丽而安静的社区）；Apart from the excellent teachers（除了一些优秀的老师之外）；等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。文中使用高级句子。Im very pleased to tell you how I get along with my high school as you want to learn about it.句中how引导宾语从句，as引导原因状语从句；Located in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, my school is an ideal place to get us the all-round development.此处过去分词作原因状语。
