1、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 Its hard to find Alice Munro in the mediaEven after she won the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature, the Canadian writer just appeared for a quick interview and then dropped out of 8ightOn Dec 29, she still didnt seek the spotlight（聚光灯）when she was named one of the riv
2、e Women of the Year by the Financial Times In Munros eyes, ordinary lives always hide larger dramas So she records what we casually think of as the everyday actions of normal people, She often focuses on life in her hometown, a small village in Ontario which 8he is most familiar withShe writes about
3、 the ordinary things in the villagefox forming;, trees felled in the Ontario wilderness, poor country achool8 and long last illnessesAbove all, she talk8 about girls and women who have seemingly ordinary lives but struggle against daily misfortune She has a special talent for uncovering the extraord
4、inary in the ordinary These are ordinary people, ordinary stories, but she has the magic Her precise language, depth of detail and the logic of her storytelling have made her stories inviting Runaway, one of Munros representative works, is a good example of her writing styleOne of the stories center
5、s on the life of an ordinary woman Carla, who lives in a small Canadian town with her husband ClarkThe story slowly forms a picture of Carla, trapped in a bad marriage, her unhappiness building into desperation until she decide8 to fleeThe story of Carla is a story of the power and betrayals of love
6、It is about lost children and l08t chance8 that we can all find in life, There is pain beneath the surface, like a needle in the heart Since she published her first collection of 8hort stories in 1968, Munro has won many a wards, with the Nobel Prize being her bigge8t honorOn Oct 10, 2013, the Nobel
7、 Prize commit-tee named Munro the master of the contemporary short story1We learn from Paragraph 1 that Alice MunroAdidnt get on well with the mediaBwas 8urprised at winning the Nobel PrizeCdidnt value the title of Women of the YearDremained modest though very successful2Many of Alice Munros worksAf
8、ocus on everyday life of ordinary peopleBare about betrayals of love and violenceCcenter on the happy life of country womenDare romantic stories setting in her hometown3What makes Alice Munros stories fascinating according to the text?AThe complicated plotsBHer writing techniquesCThe humorous langua
9、geDHer rich imagination4In her representative work Runaway, CarlaAleads a happy life with ClarkBis a faithful wife to her husbandCtries to run away from her husbandDloses all hopes for a better life5What is the text mainly about?AAlice Munro and her hometownBThe awards Alice Munro wonCAlice Munros l
10、iterary lifeDAlice Munro and her writing style【参考答案】15、DABCA 【2013界广东珠海市高三上期末质量监测】阅读理解Anger is good for you as long as you control it properly，according to new psychology researchA new study from Carnegie Mellon University shows anger may help people reduce the negative impacts of stress and help yo
11、u become healthier“Here getting emotional is not bad for you if you look at the case of anger，”said Jennifer Lerner of Carnegie Mellon“The more people display anger，the lower their stress responsesLerner studied 92 UCLA students by asking them to count back from 6，200They must say out loud every thi
12、rteenth numberResearchers disturbed them by asking them to count faster or ask them other questionsIf they made any mistakes，they had to restart from the very beginningMany students felt depressed about making so many mistakes or got angry because the researchers were interrupting them.Lerner used a
13、 hidden video camera and recorded all their facial expressions during the testThe researchers describe their reactions as fear，anger and disgustOther researchers recorded the students blood pressure，pulse and production of a highstress hormone（荷尔蒙）called cortis01People whose faces showed more fear d
14、uring the experiment had higher blood pressure and higher levels of the hormoneBoth can have lasting effects such as diabetes（糖尿病），heart disease，depression and extra weight gainWhen people feel fear，negative impacts increase, but when they get angry，those negatives go down，according to the study “Ha
15、ving that sense of anger leads people to actually feel some power in what otherwise is a maddening situation，”Lerner saidLerner previously studied Americans emotional response to the 911 terrorist attacks two months after the incidentShe found people who reacted with anger were more optimisticThese
16、people are healthier compared with those who were frightened during the eventSo in maddening situations，anger is not a bad thing to haveIts a healthier response than fear36Which statement will Jennifer Lerner agree with?AIts better to be angry than to be frightened in maddening situationsBDifferent
17、reactions reflect different outlooks on lifeCDont control your anger and it makes you powerfulDPessimistic people are generally healthier than optimistic people【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据She found people who reacted with anger were more optimisticThese people are healthier compared with those who were fright
18、ened during the event生气比害怕对于健康来说要好的多，故选A。37What does the underlined word “both” in the fifth paragraph refer to according to the passage?AFear and angerBBlood pressure and pulseCBlood pressure and cortisoneDHigher blood pressure and higher levels of the hormone【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据People whose faces sho
19、wed more fear during the experiment had higher blood pressure and higher levels of the hormone可知这里指的是高血压和高的荷尔蒙的，故选D。 38The researchers made the experimented students angry by _Arecording their performance secretlyBasking them to count to 6,200 again and againCdisturbing them and making them start ai
20、l over againDcriticizing them when they made mistakes【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据Many students felt depressed about making so many mistakes or got angry because the researchers were interrupting them.通过打扰他们使他们生气，故选C。39In what ways can anger be beneficial to people?ABy showing their optimistic sideBBy reducing
21、their stressCBy reducing high blood pressureDBy taking the place of fear【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据A new study from Carnegie Mellon University shows anger may help people reduce the negative impacts of stress and help you become healthier可以减少压力，故选B。40 What is this passage Mainly about?AThe findings of new psy
22、chology researchBWhat you can do with anger in certain casesCDifferent effects produced by anger and fearDHealthier responses in maddening situations【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据A new study from Carnegie Mellon University shows anger可知这是一下短文主要叙述的是新的研究发现生气能够减轻人们的压力而使身体更加健康，故选A。【2013界广东珠海市高三上期末质量监测】阅读理解Once agai
23、n, rumors are spreadingJudgement Day, this time, is set to happen on December 21st, 2012The date originated from the Mayan calendar, but actually gained popularity through the hit movie, 2012How will the world end? And how do we know the exact date? There are many theories: A meteoroid from outer sp
24、ace; a solar storm; a shift in the earths poles; bla bla blaThey all supposedly pointed to the date of December 21st, 2012Unfortunately, none of it is trueZhu Jin, director of Beijing Planetarium, said, For earth itself, the end will be billions of years away from nowAnd for us humans, there is a ve
25、ry small chance that we may be affected by some astronomical factorsHowever, we dont have the ability to foresee such events so farSo when someone tells you the world is going to end on an exact date, it must be fakeBut the truth hasnt stopped people from believingIn the sci-fi movie 2012, the direc
26、tor imagined the end of the world based on the Mayan calendarThe film earned nearly 770 million US dollars worldwide. Ning Hong, Hebei Province, saidThe movie 2012 did get one thing rightThere are arks eing made in China, But theyre not being built secretly inside the mountainsThey are constructed h
27、ere in the courtyard of a factoryIn April, Liu Qiyuan quit his furniture business and devoted himself to developing these huge round ballsHe doesnt believe the end is near, but he wants to be prepared just in caseLiu Qiyuan, the Ark builder, said, The concept originated twenty years agoThe Tangshan
28、earthquake had flattened our house, so I wanted to build a shelter that wouldnt fallThen in 2004, I saw the tsunami in Indonesia that killed so many peopleThen I realized it should be something that could withstand the earthquake and float on waterLiu is hoping to use his invention as a life boat on
29、 the seaHes planning to test his product on the water next year It turns out that rumour, though false, is good for businessDoomsday discounts and products are hot on many online storesWhile its surely attracted attention, many complain that it misleads consumersTheir purpose is to promote productsI
30、f they believe the world is going to endwho would buy things? Money would be useless, too41The purpose of the movie 2012 was .Ato popularize scientific knowledge for the viewersBto make a profit from the viewersC to tell the viewers an interesting factual storyDto warn the viewers of a disastrous ev
31、ent【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据The film earned nearly 770 million US dollars worldwide.可知电影赢得了很大的收益，故选B。42The word fake in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to Aa joke Ba lie Cuntrue Dterrifying【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据none of it is true，2012年是世界末日是假的，故选C。43Liu Qiyuan quit his job and built his ark because _Ahe believ
32、ed that the world was going to end on Dec21,2012Bhe was tired of making money from his furniture businessChe was almost killed in Indonesia in 2004Dhe wanted to make preparations for destructive natural disasters【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据The Tangshan earthquake had flattened our house, so I wanted to build a
33、 shelter that wouldnt fallThen in 2004, I saw the tsunami in Indonesia that killed so many peopleThen I realized it should be something that could withstand the earthquake and float on water这是为了抵御大的自然灾害，故选D。44Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?ARuinous were created by businessmen t
34、o promote their productsBThe movie 2012 was very popular and a great many people watched itCOne theory said that the earth was to shift its two poles on Dec21,2012DLiu Qiyuans ark was intended to survive earthquakes and terrible floods【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据The date originated from the Mayan calendar 及It
35、turns out that rumour, though false, is good for business根据玛雅文化推出来的并非是生意人的谣言，但是受益的人却是生意人。故选A。45We can infer from the passage that _ATune and time again people spread rumours about the worlds end for one reason or anotherBThe Mayas prediction about the worlds end has failedCIn the movie 2012 big arks
36、 were built secretly inside the mountainsDLiu Qiyuan was bom before 1976 and is at least 36 years old【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。theyre not being built secretly inside the mountainsThey are constructed here in the courtyard of a factory电影中的方舟是在山里秘密进行制造的，故选C。Passage Twenty-eight (Chemistry and Biology)About a cen
37、tury ago, the Swedish physical scientist Arrhenius proposed a low of classical chemistry that relates chemical reaction rate to temperature. According to his equation, chemical reactions are increasingly unlikely to occur as temperature approaches absolute zero, and at absolute zero, reactions stop.
38、 However, recent experiment evidence reveals that although the Arrhenius equation is generally accurate in describing the kind of chemical reaction that occurs at relatively high temperature, at temperatures closer to zero a quantum-mechanical effect known as tunneling comes into play; this effect a
39、ccounts for chemical reactions that are forbidden by the principles of classical chemistry. Specifically, entire molecules can tunnel through the barriers of repulsive forces from other molecules and chemically react even though these molecules do not have sufficient energy, according to classical c
40、hemistry, to overcome the repulsive barrier.The rate of any chemical reaction, regardless of the temperature at which it takes place, usually depends on a very important characteristic known as its activation energy. Any molecule can be imagined to reside at the bottom of a so-called potential well
41、of energy. S chemical reaction corresponds to the transition of a molecule from the bottom of one potential well to the bottom of another. In classical chemistry, such a transition can be accomplished only by going over the potential barrier between the well, the height of which remain constant and
42、is called the activation energy of the reaction. In tunneling, the reacting molecules tunnel from the bottom of one to the bottom of another well without having to rise over the barrier between the two wells. Recently researchers have developed the concept of tunneling temperature: the temperature b
43、elow which tunneling transitions greatly outnumber Arrhenius transitions, and classical mechanics gives way to its quantum counterpart.This tunneling phenomenon at very low temperatures suggested my hypothesis about a cold prehistory of life: formation of rather complex organic molecules in the deep
44、 cold of outer space, where temperatures usually reach only a few degrees Kelvin. Cosmic rays might trigger the synthesis of simple molecules, such as interstellar formaldehyde, in dark clouds of interstellar dust. Afterward complex organic molecules would be formed, slowly but surely, by means of t
45、unneling. After I offered my hupothesis, Hoyle and Wickramashinghe argued that molecules of interstellar formaldehyde have indeed evolved into stable polysaccharides such as cellulose and starch. Their conclusions, although strongly disputed, have generated excitement among investigators such as mys
46、elf who are proposing that the galactic clouds are the places where the prebiological evolution of compounds necessary to life occurred.1. The author is mainly concerned with A. describing how the principles of classical chemistry were developed. initiating a debate about the kinds of chemical react
47、ion required for the development of life.C. explaining how current research in chemistry may be related to broader biological concerns.D. clarifying inherent ambiguities in the laws of classical chemistry.2. In which of the following ways are the mentioned chemical reactions and tunneling reactions
48、alike?A. In both, reacting molecules have to rise over the barrier between the two wells. In both types of reactions, a transition is made from the bottom of one potential well to the bottom of another.C. In both types of reactions, reacting molecules are able to go through the barrier between the t
49、wo wells.D. In neither type of reaction does the rate of a chemical reaction depend on its activation energy.3. The authors attitude toward the theory of a cold prehistory of life can best be described asA. neutral. . skeptical.C. mildly positive. D. very supportive.4. Which of the following best de
50、scribes the hypothesis of Hoyle and Wickramasinghe?A. Molecules of interstellar formaldehyde can evolve into complex organic molecules. Interstellar formaldehyde can be synthesized by tunneling.C. Cosmic rays can directly synthesize complex organic molecules.D. The galactic clouds are the places whe
51、re prebilogical evolution of compounds necessary to life occurred.Vocabulary1. Arrhenius equation 阿雷尼厄斯方程式2. Arrhennius (Svante August) 18591927 瑞典理化学家。1903年获诺贝尔化 学奖3. quantum-mechanical effect 量子机械效应4. quantum mechanic 量子力学5. tunnel 挖隧道。这里指贯穿势垒6. tunnel through, onto 穿到进到，贯穿7. repulsive 排斥8. activa
52、tion energy 活化能量9. formaldehyde 甲醛10. polysaccharide 多糖醇，聚合酶11. cellulose 纤维素12. starch 淀粉13. galactic 银河的，巨大的14. come into play 开始活动/起作用难句译注1. However, recent experiment evidence reveals that although the Arrhenius equation is generally accurate in describing the kind of chemical reaction that occu
53、rs at relatively high temperature, at temperatures closer to zero a quantum-mechanical effect known as tunneling comes into play; this effect accounts for chemical reactions that are forbidden by the principles of classical chemistry.2. Specifically, entire molecules can tunnel through the barriers
54、of repulsive forces from other molecules and chemically react even though these molecules do not have sufficient energy, according to classical chemistry, to overcome the repulsive barrier.3. Recently researchers have developed the concept of tunneling temperature: the temperature below which tunnel
55、ing transitions greatly outnumber Arrhenius transitions, and classical mechanics gives way to its quantum counterpart.写作方法与文章大意 文章论述了“贯穿势垒效应”，采用对比手法。先是经典化学定理和贯穿势垒效应之比较。说明两者使用的温度界限不同。低温时贯穿势垒效应作用取代经典力学。最后贯穿势垒现象和生活领域之关系。答案祥解1. C. 说明现在化学研究如何能和更广泛的生物学领域有关。最后一段基本上都是谈与生化的关系。“极低温时的贯穿势垒现象证明我对寒冷的史前生命的假说：在外层空间
56、极其寒冷处，温度一般只有K的几度光景，有相当复杂的有机分子形成。宇宙射线可能激发诸如星际甲醛单分子在星际尘埃的乌云中综合。以后，复杂的有机分子，慢慢的，但稳定的通过贯穿势垒的方式形成。”后又有两位化学家提出“星际甲醛分子确实进化为类似纤维素和淀粉等多糖酶。”他们的结论虽有争议，却实在令人振奋，特别是文章之作者，因为他正提出“巨大的云块这些地方，发生过生命所必须的前生物进化化合物。”A. 描述经典化学定理如何发展。 B. 开展一场有关生命进化所需的那种化学反应的辩论。 C. 搞清楚经典化学定理所固有的模糊点。2. B. 两类反应中，都有一个从一个势阱底部到另一个势阱底部的跃迁。见第二段第三句起“
57、化学反应跟分子从一个势阱的底部到另一个势阱的底部的跃迁相类似。在经典化学中，这种跃迁只有跨过两阱之间势垒才能完成。位垒之高度为常数（固定不变）。这种跃迁叫做能量活化。在贯穿势垒效应中作反应的分子从一个势阱的底部通到另一个势阱底部不需要上升跨越两阱之间的位垒。”A. 两类反应中，反应中的分子都需跨越两阱间的栏栅。 C. 两类反应中，反应中的分子都能穿过两阱之间的位垒。 D. 两类反应中，没有一种化学反应的速率取决于能量活化。 这三项都不对， 见上文。3. C. 有点肯定。 见第1题答案注释译文。因为证实了作者之假设。A. 中立。 B. 怀疑的。 D. 非常支持。4. A. 星际甲醛分子可以进化到复杂的有机分子。见第1题C答案注释译文。B. 星际甲醛分子可以通过贯穿势垒方式加以综合。 C. 宇宙射线可以直接综合复杂的有机分子。 D. 大块云团是生命所需复合物前生物进化发生的地方。这三项也可从第1题C答案注译译文看出其错误点。
