1、北京市门头沟区2021届高三英语下学期二模试题（含解析）考生须知:1本试卷共12页，共100分，考试时长90分钟。2请将条形码粘贴在答题卡相应位置处。3试卷所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。请使用2B铅笔填涂，用黑色字迹签字笔或钢笔作答。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。“Wow, Mubeen is your brother? He is such a wonderful kid.” My new teacher w
2、ent on and on about how _1_ Mubeen was. I am proud of my brother, but I was tired of people expecting me to be as perfect as he is. I was angry, for all the _2_ got to me. I wanted to be known as Shameera, not as Mubeens sister, or worse a female copy of him.This year, Mubeen was _3_ to Cornell Univ
3、ersity. Actually, that was a big pride for our school. I said to my brother, “Everyone is _4_ me. But that really makes me _5_ because even when you leave, your _6_ will live on. Im afraid youre going to haunt (使苦恼) me.” Mubeen laughed and said, “Dont _7_. I wont haunt you. And Im _8_ that youre goi
4、ng to be the second to go to an Ivy League university.”Recently, I spoke to my history teacher about how I didnt like being compared with my brother. She said, “To be honest, I think youre smarter than him. You _9_ activities more and youre more understanding.” Whenever I remember these words, they
5、make me happy.This school year is my first year of school without my brother. I finally have the chance to establish my own _10_. I feel less stressed and I am more appreciated as myself now.1. A. excellentB. energeticC. easygoingD. enthusiastic2. A. commentsB. confusionC. consultationD. resolution3
6、. A. attachedB. devotedC. admittedD. entitled4. A. questioningB. congratulatingC. criticizingD. disturbing5. A. puzzledB. excitedC. annoyedD. amused6. A. influenceB. attemptC. choiceD. memory7. A. imagineB. botherC. quitD. worry8. A. honoredB. determinedC. convincedD. satisfied9. A. take charge ofB.
7、 take part inC. take overD. take up10. A. preferenceB. passionC. motivationD. identity【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者有一个优秀的哥哥，并一直生活在哥哥的影子之下。哥哥被常春藤盟校录取之后，作者终于有机会建立属于她自己的身份。【1题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的新老师不停地说Mubeen有多棒。A. excellent 优秀的；B. energetic 精力充沛的；C. easy
8、going 随和的；D. enthusiastic 热情的。上文“He is such a wonderful kid”提到哥哥非常出色。下文“I am proud of my brother, but I was tired of people expecting me to be as perfect as he is.”提到作者为哥哥骄傲，哥哥非常完美，所以此处表示作者的新老师称赞作者的哥哥，非常优秀，故选A。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是所有的各种评论让我很生气。A. comments 评论、指责；B. confusion 困惑；C. consultation 咨询；D. r
9、esolution 决议、坚定。上文“I am proud of my brother, but I was tired of people expecting me to be as perfect as he is.”提到尽管作者为哥哥骄傲，但是作者厌倦了，听腻了人们希望作者和哥哥一样优秀的言论，所以此处表示的是别人给作者的类似上文这样的言论、评论，让作者生气难受，故选A。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年，Mubeen被康奈尔大学录取。A. attached 附加；B. devoted 投入；C. admitted 允许进入；D. entitled 使享有权利。由下文的“Corne
10、ll University”可知，作者哥哥被康奈尔大学录取，be admitted to“被录取”，符合此句句意，故选C。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人都来祝贺我。A. questioning 询问；B. congratulating 祝贺；C. criticizing 批评；D. disturbing 打扰。上文“This year, Mubeen was3 to Cornell University. Actually, that was a big pride for our school. ”提到哥哥被康奈尔大学录取，这是一件学校非常骄傲的事，作为妹妹，作者收到别人的祝贺，
11、故选B。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这真的让我很恼火，因为即使你离开了，你的影响力也会继续存在。A. puzzled 困惑的；B. excited 兴奋的；C. annoyed 生气的、苦恼的；D. amused 觉得好笑的、开心的。根据上文的“I was angry”和空后的原因状语从句 “because even when you leave, your 6 will live on.”可知，即使哥哥离开，但是影响还会存在，作者还是摆脱不了活在哥哥的影响下，所以作者是很生气、苦恼的，故选C。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这真的让我很恼火，因为即使你离开了，你的影响力也会
12、继续存在。A. influence 影响；B. attempt 企图、尝试；C. choice 选择；D. memory 记性、回忆。根据上文“This year, Mubeen was3to Cornell University. Actually, that was a big pride for our school. ”可知，哥哥被康奈尔大学录取，是学校一件光荣而骄傲的事，所以哥哥即使不在这个学校了，但是还是会被学校经常宣传和提到，哥哥的影响还是会一直存在，这也是上题中让作者苦恼的原因，故选A。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：别担心。A. imagine 想象；B. bother
13、打扰；C. quit 停止、离任；D. worry 担心。下文“I wont haunt you.”，我不会让你苦恼的，所以此处表示哥哥安慰妹妹让她不要担心，故选D。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我相信你会成为第二个上常春藤盟校的人。A. honored 受尊敬的；B. determined 决心、坚定的；C. convinced 坚信的；D. satisfied 满意的。根据此空后宾语从句的内容以及选项可知，此处表示作者的哥哥相信优秀的妹妹也会被常春藤盟校录取，故选C。【9题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你更愿意参与活动，而且你更善解人意。A. take charge of 掌管；B
14、. take part in 参加；C. take over 接管；D. take up 占据、从事。根据空后宾语以及选项，可知此处表示作者更愿意参与活动，故选B。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我终于有机会确立自己的身份了。A. preference 偏爱；B. passion 热情、激情；C. motivation 动机；D. identity 身份。上文“I wanted to be known as Shameera, not as Mubeens sister, or worse a female copy of him.”可知作者一直不想活在哥哥的影子下，不想依附哥哥而存在，
15、想有属于自己真正的身份。根据空前 “This school year is my first year of school without my brother.”可知哥哥去上大学了，作者的学校里第一次没有哥哥在了，作者终于可以离开哥哥确立属于自己的身份了，故选D。第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Blind boxes are popular with the young people nowadays. Archaeological blind boxes _11_ (make) by several
16、museums in China are trending on a major online shopping platform. The idea _12_ (receive) wildly by many fans ever since it was released. Most of the blind boxes are sold out as soon as they are restocked every day. “You dont know how difficult archaeology is until youve done it yourself,” a buyer
17、said, expressing her admiration _13_ archaeologists and recommending that everyone try it.【答案】11. made 12. has been received 13. for【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述中国几家博物馆制作的考古盲盒受到欢迎。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国几家博物馆制作的考古盲盒正在一个主要网购平台上流行。空处应用非谓语形式，动词make和逻辑主语boxes之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填made。【12题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这个想法一经发
18、布就受到了众多粉丝的热烈欢迎。由“since it was released”可知，句子用现在完成时，且主语The idea和谓语动词receive之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是名词单数，故填has been received。【13题详解】考查介词。句意：“直到你自己做过，你才会知道考古学家有多么不容易。” 一位买家说，她对考古学家表示钦佩，并建议每个人都试一试。express ones admiration for sb.表示“表达对某人的钦佩之情”，固定搭配。故填for。B阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。After a two-week-long t
19、rip to China, Dar became a skillful user of WeChat, an application that almost every Chinese would use in their daily life. During his stay in Beijing, Dar _14_ (recommend) his family and friends to download WeChat so that they could contact through free WeChat video calls. And via the function of t
20、ranslation, Dar found it easy and efficient _15_ (understand) what his friends were saying. As one of the many Chinese innovations nowadays, WeChat is only a glimpse of the energy and _16_ (create) in todays China.【答案】14. recommended 15. to understand 16. creativity【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过外国人达尔在中国的经历，介
21、绍微信作为当今中国众多的创新之一，成为当今中国活力和创造力的冰山一角。【14题详解】考查时态。句意：在北京期间，达尔建议他的家人和朋友下载微信，这样他们就可以通过免费的微信视频电话联系。设空处为谓语动词，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填recommended。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过翻译功能，达尔发现理解朋友们在说什么既简单又有效。固定句型：find + it + 形容词 + to do sth.发现做某事，其中it是形式宾语，不定式为真正宾语。故填to understand。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：微信作为当今中国众多的创新之一，只是当今中国活力和创造力的冰山一角。介词
22、of后接名词形式，creativity“创造力”，抽象概念，不可数。故填creativity。C阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Smartphones are becoming more and more of a necessity for high school students. Therefore, a discussion was held about _17_ the senior school students should use our smartphones at school. People _18_ (support) the idea
23、consider it convenient to contact the students parents when necessary. However, people who are against it find some students are addicted to playing the smartphones easily, _19_ effect on their studies is quite worrying. It is even _20_ (bad) that smartphones can also discourage students will.【答案】17
24、. whether 18. supporting 19. whose 20. worse【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对于高中生应不应该在学校中使用手机这一话题，人们观点不一致。支持者称这会方便联系家长。而反对者则认为由此带来的对学生学业和意志的负面影响令人担忧。【17题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：因此，关于高中生是否应该在学校使用手机的一场讨论会被举办。句中出现两个谓语动词was和should use，故该无提示词空格处应填写从句连词。后半句作介词about的宾语，并且句意为“关于应不应该在学校使用手机”，故填whether。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：支持这一观点的人
25、认为这样在必要时联系父母会很方便。句中已出现谓语动词consider，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语。Support与前面名词people为主动关系，需用现在分词形式。故填supporting。【19题详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而，反对这一观点的人发现，一些学生很容易沉迷于手机，这对他们学习的消极影响让人担忧。分析句子可知，逗号后为非限定性定语从句，先行词为前面整个主句所表述的现象，关系词在从句中充当定语，故填whose。【20题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，智能手机也消磨学生的意志。此处形容词作表语，空格前的even常置于形容词比较级前强调相差程度。又根据句意可知，比起手机对学习
26、的影响，更糟糕的是它不利于学生坚强意志的培养。故填worse。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIf you truly want to live, you need to get out and see the world. Traveling and living different adventures may become your favorite lifestyle. Here is a brief introduction about the t
27、op three destinations to visit in the world. ParisFirst on the list is Paris France. For some people, this shouldnt be a surprise. For others, they might consider Paris overrated as it has a reputation for being dirty. Any major city in the world might be thought to be dirty by anyone not living in
28、a city. It comes with the territory. The reason Paris is at the top of this list is not because of its famous attractions butbecause of its charm. You can spend the day walking around cobblestone streets and enjoy elegant cafes and high-end shopping. When you finish satisfying your appetite, you can
29、 relax on the banks of the Seine River.Glacier National ParkGlacier National Park comes in second on the list. It is located in Montana, America. It will be well worth the effort thanks to snow-capped mountains, crystal blue lakes, seventy miles of hiking trails, and thirteen camping areas. If you v
30、isit during the summer, you can go swimming or white-water rafting. If you visit during the winter, you can go skiing or snowshoeing. But the real allure (诱惑力) and what you will always remember is thebreathtaking sceneryand fresh mountain air.Bora BoraThe reason Bora Bora is the third on this list i
31、s that its expensive, which could limit your other travel plans. If you do make it to this small island paradise, you will find peaceful beaches, jungles, luxury accommodations, turquoise water, and some of the friendliest people you have ever met.Other vacation destinations that should be on your l
32、ist if youre living the adventurous lifestyle include London, the South Island of New Zealand, Maui, Tahiti, Tokyo, Barcelona and New York City.21. Tourists can _ to appreciate the charm of Paris.A. enjoy elegant cafesB. visit its famous attractionsC. walk around crystal blue lakesD. meet the friend
33、liest people you have ever met22. Which of the following points in Glacier National Park will really attract tourists?A. Peaceful beaches.B. White-water rafting.C. Thebreathtaking scenery.D. Snow-capped mountains.23. Whats the purpose of this passage?A. To compare the top three destinations.B. To in
34、troduce the top three destinations.C. To encourage people to live an adventurous lifestyle.D. To analyze the good and bad points of the three destinations.【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍三大旅游目的地以及它吸引游客的要素。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“You can spend the day walking around cobblestone streets and enj
35、oy elegant cafes and high-end shopping.（你可以花一整天的时间漫步在鹅卵石街道上，享受优雅的咖啡馆和高端购物。）”可知，游客可以在优雅的咖啡馆里欣赏巴黎的魅力。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“But the real allure (诱惑力) and what you will always remember is the breathtaking scenery and fresh mountain air.（但真正吸引你的是令人窒息的风景和新鲜的山间空气。）”可知，冰川国家公园那迷人的景色会真正吸引游客。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。
36、根据第一段“Here is a brief introduction about the top three destinations to visit in the world.（以下是世界三大旅游目的地的简要介绍。）”及全文可知，这篇文章的目的是介绍三大旅游目的地。故选B。BWhile many people prefer to buy a new dog from a breeder, another option is to adopt a rescue dog. As the Svilicics already had a healthy daughter Charlotte, th
37、ey felt fortunate enough to save another life. Thus, Catherine adopted a dog and named it Khan. Catherine was hopeful this would provide valuable lessons for her baby, such as sharing, learning to love and responsibility to care for animals. They trained Khan during the first few days and everything
38、 began smoothly. Charlotte and the new dog made a habit of playing out in the backyard. However, things were different this day. They began running through the backyard grass together. That was until Khans temperament seemed to change dramatically. Khan began acting wildly aggressively (富于攻击性的), gra
39、bbing the baby. This was not the normal play between the two. Mouth open, Catherine watched in complete and utter shock. She watched as Khan tossed (抛) Charlotte across their lawn. What happened next alarmed Catherine and everyone present. He tightly clenched his jaws into her diaper to toss her bac
40、k and forth. Therefore, with urgency, she ran to Charlotte and carried her to safety. Miraculously, her child was unharmed. While Catherine brought her baby to shelter, Khan barked madly and then collapsed. The dog began crying. No one understood what was going on! Khan was obviously not doing well.
41、 The dog continued crying and then fell lifeless. Catherine focused on the dog, watching his dying eyes and realized he had been protecting her child. It turned out that Khan was protecting Charlotte from a poisonous, dangerous snake. She used all her strength to bring the dog to her car and sped fo
42、r the vet, hearing his breath slow. When the vet took over, Catherine cried and felt totally helpless, so she prayed for his recovery. The vet had to remove all the snake poison from the body. Quite a few days later, Khan was slowly getting stronger through the vets effort. Eventually, he made progr
43、ess and the snakes venom was removed. Actually, Khan impressed even the vet with his rapid recovery and progress. The whole family could be reunited once again with this amazing and heroic animal. Catherine was determined to protect this amazing animal as if it were her own child.24. What caused Cat
44、herine to carry her child away from Khan?A. That Khan tossed her child back and forth.B. That Khan grabbed her child aggressively.C. That Khan tossed her child across their lawn.D. That her child played with Khan for such a long time.25. Which of the following statements is true according to the pas
45、sage?A. Catherine adopted Khan to protect her child.B. Khans sickness was too serious to be cured.C. The child was hurt because she was treated badly.D. Khan was attacked by a snake in order to protect the child.26. According to the passage, which word can best describe Catherine?A. Outgoing.B. Cari
46、ng.C. Faithful.D. Honest.【答案】24. A 25. D 26. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了凯瑟琳一家收养的名为Khan的神奇狗狗，为了保护小主人，被毒蛇咬伤的感人故事。在得到治疗之后，Khan成为凯瑟琳一家不可或缺的一员。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“What happened next alarmed Catherine and everyone present. He tightly clenched his jaws into her diaper to toss her back and forth.(接下来发生的一幕让凯瑟琳吓出一声
47、冷汗：她看到Khan死死咬住夏洛特的尿布，来回拖拽这个孩子)”可知，凯瑟琳不明白Khan的行为动机，立刻将孩子抱到安全的地方。故选A项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Catherine focused on the dog, watching his dying eyes and realized he had been protecting her child. It turned out that Khan was protecting Charlotte from a poisonous, dangerous snake.(凯瑟琳看到Khan迷离的眼神，终于意识到它刚才一直在保护
48、夏洛特免受毒蛇的侵害)”和第五段段首句“The vet had to remove all the snake poison from the body.(兽医必须将Khan体内的所有蛇毒全部清除)”可知，Khan为了保护夏洛特，被毒蛇咬伤。故选D项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Thus, Catherine adopted a dog and named it Khan.(凯瑟琳收养了一条名叫Khan的狗)”和最后一段“Catherine was determined to protect this amazing animal as if it were her own chil
49、d.(凯瑟琳决心会像保护自己孩子那样保护好这只神奇的狗狗)”可知，凯瑟琳是一位非常有爱心，热爱动物的人。故选B项。CImagine someone had a knife and told you, “This is a great knife. The only problem is that it cant cut anything.” Youd think its not a great knife.“Telos is the Greek word that Aristotle and others use to define the end or purpose of somethin
50、g,” Jonathan Haidt, professor at New York University Stern School of Business, says in a recorded lecture at the University of Colorado Springs. The telos of a knife is to cut. What, Haidt asks, is the telos of a university?Truth thats the purpose of higher education, Haidt says. The academy aims to
51、 be a stage where truth is sought, discovered, and explored. When the university is functioning at its best, students learn to present arguments and receive debate in following truth.Are todays universities achieving their purpose?In his lecture, Haidt suggests that changes in campus culture over th
52、e past decade have rerouted university resources away from the pursuit of truth and towards creating an emotionally and intellectually comfortable environment for students.“From out of nowhere, students in 2014 began asking for trigger warnings,” Haidt says. A growing group among student bodies and
53、administrators seemed to believe students were fragile and needed to be aggressively protected from “bad” ideas, offensive imagery, and annoying arguments. Students began protesting speakers, and publicly shaming peers whose words made them uncomfortable.There are many places and institutions whose
54、purpose, or telos, is comfort. But a university is not one of those places. To make that point, Haidt quotes CNN contributor Van Jones: I dont want you to be safe ideologically. I dont want you to be safe emotionally. I want you to be strong thats different. Im not going to settle the jungle for you
55、. Put on some boots and learn how to deal with adversity. Im not going to take all the weights out of the gym. Thats the whole point of the gym. This is the gym.Putting comfort over the pursuit of truth, universities are ignoring their purpose. Higher education should be a stage of open exploration
56、and free expression, where ideas are exchanged, tested, and inspected. A common education should be “an invitation to be concerned not with the employment of what is familiar but with understanding what is not yet understood,” according to philosopher Michael Oakeshott.What is the social influence i
57、f universities fail to achieve their purpose? New generations could lose more than academic power; they could lose the ability and interest to pursue and prioritize truth first. They could become so dependent on emotional comfort that they refuse to observe deep in thought “what is not yet understoo
58、d”. Anyhow, this is happening in reality. Its time for universities to realize their telos, or theyll risk losing their essential role in society.27. What does the author imply by saying “This is a great knife. The only problem is it cant cut anything”?A. Such a knife is not a good knife.B. The role
59、 of a knife is to cut something.C. The problems in the universities can be ignored.D. Universities are diverting from their original purposes.28. Whats Haidts purpose to quote CNN contributor Van Joness words in Paragraph 7?A. To tell us what a gym should be like.B. To tell us what Haidt wants to do
60、 in a gym.C. To tell us what a university student should be like.D. To tell us what Van Jones wants to do in a university.29. According to the last paragraph, which could be the example of “this is happening in reality”?A. Students are eager to study new knowledge.B Students ability to pursue truth
61、is improving.C. Students prefer emotional comfort to the pursuit of truth.D. Students have realized their lack of academic power and interest.30. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The purpose of higher education.B. The method to choose a great knife.C. The current situation of universities.
62、D. The process of realizing universities purpose.【答案】27. D 28. C 29. C 30. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了如今的大学正在偏离他们原来的目的，教授Jonathan Haidt指出，过去十年校园文化的变化已经使大学资源从追求真理转向为学生创造一个情感和智力上舒适的环境。介绍了这一改变可能造成的影响。【27题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Are todays universities achieving their purpose? (今天的大学达到他们的目的了吗？)”以及第五段“In his lecture
63、, Haidt suggests that changes in campus culture over the past decade have rerouted university resources away from the pursuit of truth and towards creating an emotionally and intellectually comfortable environment for students.(在他的演讲中，Haidt指出，过去十年校园文化的变化已经使大学资源从追求真理转向为学生创造一个情感和智力上舒适的环境)”和第七段“There a
64、re many places and institutions whose purpose, or telos, is comfort. But a university is not one of those places.(有许多地方和机构的意图，或者说是终极目的，是舒适。但大学不是这样的地方)”可推知，作者说“这是一把很棒的刀。唯一的问题是它不能切割任何东西”的意思是“大学正在偏离他们原来的目的”。故选D。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第七段“There are many places and institutions whose purpose, or telos, is comfor
65、t. But a university is not one of those places. To make that point, Haidt quotes CNN contributor Van Jones: I dont want you to be safe ideologically. I dont want you to be safe emotionally. I want you to be strongthats different. Im not going to settle the jungle for you. Put on some boots and learn
66、 how to deal with adversity. Im not going to take all the weights out of the gym. Thats the whole point of the gym. This is the gym.(有许多地方和机构的意图，或者说是终极目的，是舒适。但大学不是这样的地方。为了说明这一点，Haidt引用了CNN撰稿人Van Jones的话：我不希望你在意识形态上是安全的。 我不希望你在感情上寻求安慰感。 我希望你坚强那不一样。 我不会为你去丛林。穿上靴子，学习如何应对逆境。我不会把健身房里所有的重量都减掉，这才是健身房的意义)”可
67、推知，Haidt引用CNN撰稿人Van Jones在第7段的话的目的是告诉我们大学生应该是什么样的。故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“What is the social influence if universities fail to achieve their purpose? New generations could lose more than academic power; they could lose the ability and interest to pursue and prioritize truth first. They could become
68、 so dependent on emotional comfort that they refuse to observe deep in thought “what is not yet understood”. Anyhow, this is happening in reality.(如果大学不能达到他们的目的，社会影响是什么？新一代可能失去的不仅仅是学术能力，他们可能会失去追求和优先考虑真理的能力和兴趣。他们可能变得如此依赖情感安慰，以至于拒绝在思想深处观察“尚未理解的东西”。无论如何，这是在现实中发生的)”可知，C选项“学生更喜欢情感上的安慰而不是追求真理”可以作为“这正在发生在现
69、实中”的例子。故选C。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Truth thats the purpose of higher education, Haidt says. The academy aims to be a stage where truth is sought, discovered, and explored. When the university is functioning at its best, students learn to present arguments and receive debate in following truth.(真相这就是高等教育的
70、目的，Haidt说。学院的目标是成为一个寻求、发现和探索真理的舞台。当大学处于最佳状态时，学生们就会学习如何根据真理来提出论点和接受辩论)”结合文章主要论述了如今的大学正在偏离他们原来的目的，教授Jonathan Haidt指出，过去十年校园文化的变化已经使大学资源从追求真理转向为学生创造一个情感和智力上舒适的环境。介绍了这一改变可能造成的影响。由此可知，这篇文章主要论述了高等教育的目的是什么。故选A。DThe biomedical world is flooded in data. We have a lot of genomic information from mouse to huma
71、n, precious health measurements from clinical tests, and a large amount of so-called real-world data from insurance companies and drugstores. Using powerful computers, scientists have carefully researched it with some fine results, but it has become clear that we can learn much more with an assist f
72、rom artificial intelligence. Over the next decade deep-learning neural networks will likely transform how we look for patterns in data and how research is conducted and applied to human health. This special report explores the future of this new transformation.Right now the biggest assumptions are b
73、eing placed in the field of drug discovery, and for good reason. The average cost of bringing a new drug to market nearly doubled between 2003 and 2013 to $2.6 billion, and because nine out of ten fail in the final two periods of clinical tests, most of the money goes to waste. Every large drug comp
74、any is working with at least one AI-focused start-up to see if it can raise the return on investment. Machine-learning algorithms (算法) can get through millions of chemical compounds, narrowing the choices for a particular drug target. Perhaps more exciting, AI systemsfree by leading theories and bia
75、sescan identify entirely new targets by spotting tiny differences at the level of cells, genes or proteins between a healthy brain and one marked by Parkinsonsdifferences that might avoid or even puzzle a human scientist.That same sharp-eyed ability is also being used to explain medical scans. Some
76、systems can already discover early signs of cancer that might be missed by a radiologist or see things that are simply beyond human capacitysuch as evaluating cardiovascular (心血管) risk from a retinal scan. The Food and Drug Administration is approving imaging algorithms at a rapid click. Other AI ap
77、plications lie a bit further down the road. Will the inefficiencies of todays electronic health records (EHRs) be solved by smart systems that prevent prescribing mistakes and provide early warnings of disease? Some of the worlds biggest tech giants are working on it.Despite fears that machines will
78、 replace humans, most experts believe artificial and human intelligence will work cooperatively. The bigger concern is a shortage of people with both biomedical knowledge and algorithm proficiency. If this human problem can be solved, the key to creating successful AI applications may depend on the
79、quality and quantity of what we provide them with. “We rely on three things,” says the CEO of one deep-learning start-up. “Data, data and more data.”31. Why do large drug companies work with AI-focused start-up?A. Because it is required by the government to do so.B. Because it helps to explore new m
80、edicine with others.C. Because it saves costs for drug companies to explore AI.D. Because its used to check if the return on investment can be increased.32. What is the authors attitude towards the changes that AI has brought to the field of medicine?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Neutral.D. Unclear.33.
81、 What would be the best title for this passage?A. Why New Technology Will Change Our LifeB. How Artificial Intelligence Will Analyze DataC. How Artificial Intelligence Will Replace HumansD. How Artificial Intelligence Will Change Medicine34. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
82、CP: Central Point P:Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C:ConclusionA. B. C. D. 【答案】31. D 32. A 33. D 34. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能给医学带来的改变。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Every large drug company is working with at least one AI-focused start-up to see if it can raise the return on investment.（每一家大型制药公司都在与至少一家专注于人工智能的初创
83、公司合作，看看它能否提高投资回报。）”可知，大型制药公司要与专注于人工智能的初创公司合作是因为它是用来检查投资回报是否可以增加的。故选D。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Perhaps more exciting, AI systemsfree by leading theories and biasescan identify entirely new targets by spotting tiny differences at the level of cells, genes or proteins between a healthy brain and one marked b
84、y Parkinsonsdifferences that might avoid or even puzzle a human scientist.（也许更令人兴奋的是，人工智能系统无需主导理论和偏见可以通过发现健康大脑和具有帕金森差异的大脑在细胞、基因或蛋白质水平上的微小差异来识别全新的目标，而这些差异可能会让人类科学家感到困惑甚至回避。）”可知，作者对人工智能给医学领域带来的变化持积极态度。故选A。【33题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Over the next decade deep-learning neural networks will likely transform how w
85、e look for patterns in data and how research is conducted and applied to human health. This special report explores the future of this new transformation.（在未来十年，深度学习神经网络可能会改变我们在数据中寻找模式的方式，以及研究如何进行和应用于人类健康。本期特别报道将探讨这种新转变的未来。）”及全文可知，本文主要讲述的是人工智能将如何改变医学。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，文章是一个总分总结构，总起提出本文论述对象人工智能在医
86、学上的变化，接下来分成三个部分进行分述，第一点在药物发现领域下又分了两小点，分别从之前推进新药浪费资源和现如今通过人工智能来提高投资回报进行阐述。最后文章重申了人工智能给医学带来的益处。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Mobile technology impacts all areas of our lives today. The early mobile phones, often referred to as 0G mobile phones, led to the phones us
87、ed now which rely on 4G or 5G mobile technology. The mobile revolution has enabled global communities to form, but there are concerns too, the impact of which we look at here.The mobile revolution has seen all of us spend more time online than ever before. Whether catching up with family, shopping,
88、doing research, watching movies or gaming, all of these are now all possible at any time, wherever we are. Nowadays, almost all businesses offer mobile-accessible sites for smartphones and tablets. Whether you are placing an order for a new pair of jeans, researching the best financial advisor or wa
89、nting to play a casino game on the move like blackjack mobile, it is really easy to do all of these. _35_ Since the launch of social media in 1997 with Six Degrees, which allowed users to upload a profile and make friends with other users, there are now many other social media platforms like Faceboo
90、k (2004). _36_ These offer global communication on a scale never seen before which have led to the rise of social movements such as Black Lives Matter._37_ The Cambridge Analytica scandal (丑闻) concerning Facebook involved the harvesting of Facebook data of 87 million people that was used for adverti
91、sing during elections. Also, for young people in particular, social media can harm their self-worth.Mobile technology means that we have access to information at our fingertips wherever we are. “Google is your friend” is now listed in urban dictionaries, showing how many of us search for instant ans
92、wers without doing more than pull out our phones or ask Alexa. _38_ The mobile revolution has also seen a rise in fitness devices worn on the wrist. Not only recording lap times, fitness devices can also monitor pulse rates, blood pressure and sleeping patterns. _39_A. The impact is not all positive
93、.B. They have a number of functions.C. Whats more, it is very popular with young people.D. Besides, app technology makes the searching simple.E. You can begin a game at home and continue it on the bus or train.F. They can even offer instant health feedback and recommendations.G. They give us real-ti
94、me access into the lives of friends, family, celebrities and businesses.【答案】35. E 36. G 37. A 38. D 39. F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了移动技术的发展给我们生活各个方面带来的影响。【35题详解】上文“Nowadays, almost all businesses offer mobile-accessible sites for smartphones and tablets. Whether you are placing an order for a new pair of je
95、ans, researching the best financial advisor or wanting to play a casino game on the move like blackjack mobile, it is really easy to do all of these. (如今，几乎所有的企业都为智能手机和平板电脑提供可移动访问的网站。无论你是下订单买一条新牛仔裤，研究最好的理财顾问，还是想像21点移动游戏一样在移动中玩赌场游戏，所有这些都很容易做到)”提到了我们很容易就可以在网站上买东西，做咨询，玩游戏。选项E“你可以在家开始游戏，然后在公共汽车或火车上继续 ”承
96、接上文，进一步表明网络，网站给我们带来的便利，故选E。【36题详解】上文“Since the launch of social media in 1997 with Six Degrees, which allowed users to upload a profile and make friends with other users, there are now many other social media platforms like Facebook (2004). (自从1997年推出了允许用户上传个人资料并与其他用户交朋友的社交 媒体“六度”（Six Degrees）以来，现在有
97、许多其他社交媒体平台，如Facebook(2004)”提到了可以上传个人资料的社交平台。选项G“它们让我们实时了解朋友、家人、名人和企业的生活。”承接上文，正是因为可以上传个人资料，所以我们可以实时了解很多信息，介绍了社交平台的优点，故选G。【37题详解】下文“The Cambridge Analytica scandal (丑闻) concerning Facebook involved the harvesting of Facebook data of 87 million people that was used for advertising during elections. Al
98、so, for young people in particular, social media can harm their self-worth. (剑桥分析公司（Cambridge Analytica）有关Facebook的丑闻涉及收集8700万人的Facebook数据，这些数据在选举期间用于做广告。另外，尤其是对年轻人来说，社交媒体会损害他们的自我价值)”提到了移动技术带来的负面的影响，所以选项A“影响并不都是正面的”，放在段首，概括本段的中心意思，故选A。【38题详解】上文“Mobile technology means that we have access to informat
99、ion at our fingertips, wherever we are. “Google is your friend” is now listed in urban dictionaries, showing how many of us search for instant answers without doing more than pull out our phones or ask Alexa. (移动技术意味着，无论身在何处，我们都可以随时获取信息。“谷歌是你的朋友”现在被列在城市词典中，显示出我们中有多少人只需掏出手机或询问Alexa就可以搜索即时答案)”表明了移动技术可
100、是让我们随时搜索答案。选项D“此外，应用技术使搜索变得简单 ”，承接上文都是有关移动技术对搜索的影响，故选D。【39题详解】上文“The mobile revolution has also seen a rise in fitness devices worn on the wrist. Not only recording lap times, fitness devices can also monitor pulse rates, blood pressure and sleeping patterns. (移动革命也见证了佩戴在手腕上的健身设备的兴起。这种设备不仅可以记录单圈时间，还
101、可以监测脉搏率、血压和睡眠模式) ”介绍了这种设备的功能，选项F“他们甚至可以提供即时的健康反馈和建议”进一步介绍了健身设备的作用，承接了上文，故选F。第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（12分）阅读表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分， 共12分）。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Judgement is a quality that is hard to define but important to possess. Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgm
102、ent is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions”. And he argues that, thus defined, judgment involves a processtaking in information, deciding whom and what to trust, summarizing ones personal knowledge, checking any prior beli
103、efs or feelings, summarizing the available choices and then making the decision. Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But it is not the same thing. “Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They dont necessarily have judgment.” People with judgment know when they are ou
104、t of their depth in making a decision and typically then seek the advice of someone who has the right background and knowledge. “While good judgment is important to success,” Sir Andrew cautions, “success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.”The degree of judgment required tends to inc
105、rease as people take on more responsibility. Those with routine tasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line supervisors have some discretion (自行决定权). For a chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment with potential
106、ly serious consequences (for example, “I wont get vaccinated” or “I wont pay my bills”). The world is full of people whose lack of judgment brought their careers or personal life crashing down. Many made the common mistake of assuming everything was fine.As artificial intelligence gets used for more
107、 and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be able to recognize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment. But then, per
108、haps humans can be taught, too. In the long run, one of the trickiest aspects of human judgment may be knowing precisely when to let machines take decisions and when to leave it to people.40. Whats Sir Andrews definition of judgement?41. Why does Andrew say that expert knowledge is not the same as m
109、aking judgements?42. Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.Good judgement is important to success and a successful person definitely has good judgement.43. Please list a factor except “judgement” that can lead to success and explain why. (abo
110、ut 40 words)【答案】40. He defines judgment as the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions. 41. Because some people may have expert knowledge, but they dont necessarily have judgment. 42. Good judgement is important to success and a su
111、ccessful person definitely has good judgement.According to the passage, success is not a signal that there has been good judgment. 43. 略【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了判断对于成功的重要性。40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段“Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal qualit
112、ies with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions”.（伦敦商学院的Andrew Likierman爵士认为，判断力是“个人素质与相关知识和经验的结合，以形成意见和作出决定”。）”可知，安德鲁爵士对判断的定义是他将判断定义为个人素质与相关知识和经验的结合，以形成意见和作出决定。故答案为He defines judgment as the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to f
113、orm opinions and take decisions.【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段“Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They dont necessarily have judgment.”（“学者拥有专业知识，”安德鲁爵士说。“他们不一定有判断力。”）”可知，安德鲁说专业知识和判断是不一样是因为有些人可能有专业知识，但他们不一定有判断力。故答案为Because some people may have expert knowledge, but they dont necessarily ha
114、ve judgment.【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段“While good judgment is important to success,” Sir Andrew cautions, “success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.”（“虽然良好的判断力对成功很重要，”安德鲁爵士警告说，“成功不是一个有良好判断力的信号。”）”可知，成功不是有良好判断的信号。故答案为Good judgement is important to success and a successful person definitely
115、has good judgement.According to the passage, success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.【43题详解】开放题。列出除“判断”之外的一个能导致成功的因素，并解释原因。例如态度，性格，情商等，言之有理即可。第二节 （20分）44. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你们学校下个月即将举办庆祝建党100周年系列活动，请你给学校的英国交换生Jim写一封信，内容包括：1.此次系列活动的内容；2.邀请他参加。注意：1词数100左右；2开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：建党100 周年 t
116、he 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】One possible version:Dear Jim,How is everything going? A series of activities is going to be organized in our school next month in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Part
117、y of China. I know you must be interested in it, so Im writing to invite you to come.During the celebration, we will have a lot of activities. Firstly, an exhibition will be held in the school gallery to display 100 paper-cutting artworks that depict the history of Partys development over the past 1
118、00 years. And there will be a knowledge competition about the glorious history of the CPC, in which you can learn a lot.I do hope you can come and join us. If you can come, please let me know.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，学校下个月即将举办庆祝建党100周年系列活动，请你给学校的英国交换生Jim写一封信邀请他来参加。【详解】1. 词汇积累一系列的：A series of
119、All kinds of/ A range of对感兴趣：be interested in be fond of/ be crazy about展示：show exhibit描绘：depict give an account of2. 句式拓展合并简单句原句：A series of activities is going to be organized in our school next month in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China.拓展句：A ser
120、ies of activities to be organized in our school next month is in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China.【点睛】高分句型1 Firstly, an exhibition will be held in the school gallery to display 100 paper-cutting artworks that depict the history of Partys development over the past 100 years. （that 引导的定语从句）。高分句型2 And there will be a knowledge competition about the glorious history of the CPC, in which you can learn a lot. （in which引导的非限制性定语从句）。
