1、Section Grammar单元语法项目(一)转述结构语法图解探究发现He said,“Im busy preparing for the final exam now.”He said that he was busy preparing for the final exam then.“Do you want the green shirt or the blue one？”asked mother.Mother asked whether/if I wanted the green shirt or the blue one.The old man said,“Dont come he
2、re again next week.”The old man asked us not to go there again the next week.Our teacher said,“Practice makes perfect.”Our teacher said practice makes perfect.“Where did you spend your holiday this year,Jack？”She asked.She asked Jack where he had spent his holiday that year.我的发现(1)由句可知，当直接引语为句变为间接引语
3、时，时态、人称、时间状语以及指示代词等通常要改变。(2)由句可知，当直接引语为句变为间接引语时，首先变为语序，然后再加上连词或来引导间接引语。(3)由句可知，当直接引语为句时，要加上合适的动词，如ask,tell,order,require,demand等动词作谓语，然后将该祈使句变成作宾补。陈述一般疑问陈述句ifwhether祈使动词不定式(4)由句可知，当直接引语为谚语、格言以及客观真理、自然现象时，间接引语中的谓语动词不用改变，仍使用_时态。(5)由句可知，当直接引语为句变为间接引语时，首先将其变为语序，但仍用原来的引导。一般现在特殊疑问陈述句疑问词一、常见的转述结构1动词that.th
4、at引导的从句为间接引语。常用动词有add,admit,agree,announce,believe,boast,claim,complain,deny,declare,explain,insist,remind,suggest,warn等。They announced that she would give one extra song.他们宣布她将再唱一首歌。He believes that she is fit for the job.他相信她能胜任这项工作。2动词sb.that.常用动词有warn,remind,tell等。He warned me that I couldnt go
5、out alone at night.他警告我晚上不能单独出去。She reminded me that I hadnt written to my mother.她提醒我还没有给母亲写信。3动词sb.to do sth.常用动词有advise,beg,order,promise等。The doctor advised me to take more exercise.医生建议我多加锻炼。I promised my mother to get up early in the morning.我向妈妈承诺早上早起。4动词to do sth.常用动词有agree,offer,refuse,thre
6、aten等。He offered to lend me some books.他主动提出要借给我一些书。The boss threatened to dismiss us if we didnt obey him.老板威胁我们说，如果违背他就开除我们。5动词v.-ing常用动词有admit,deny,suggest,advocate等。She suggested staying there another day.她建议在那儿再待一天。He denied having seen these watches before.他否认曾经见过这些手表。6动词if/whether.常用动词有inquir
7、e,ask等。She asked whether/if I put sugar in my tea.她问我是否在茶中加糖。7动词介词v.-ing常用动词词组有accuse of,succeed in等。He was accused of stealing the money.他被指控偷钱。即时演练 1 单句语法填空(2017江苏高考改编)Hes been informed that he _(not,qualify)for the scholarship because of his academic background.Back from his two-year medical serv
8、ice in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother (take)good care of at home.It is reported that a space station (build)on the moon in years to come.Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way (use)the sun and the stars.doesntqualifytakenwill be builtusingExperts believe people can waste less
9、food by shopping only when it is necessary.My mom suggests that we eat out for a change this weekend.Bill suggested (hold)a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.Tom refused (help)her out of trouble.thatshouldholdingto help二、直接引语变为间接引语时，从句时态无需改变的情况1当直接引语为客观真理、自然现象以及谚语、格言时。Our teache
10、r said to us,“Failure is the mother of success.”Our teacher told us that failure is the mother of success.2当直接引语部分带有具体的时间状语时。He introduced to us,“The singer was born in 1980.”He introduced to us that the singer was born in 1980.3当主句谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时态的时候。“Where is he really from？”I wonder.I wonder where
11、 he is really from.4强调所谈情况仍然存在。“China will launch another satellite.”The spokespersonannounced.The spokesperson announced China will launch another satellite.5当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,had better等时。The doctor said,“Youd better drink plenty of water.”The doctor said Id better drink plenty of wate
12、r.即时演练 2 用所给词的适当形式填空He told me that you (steal)his money.The teacher said that light (travel)much faster than sound.I dont know when he (come)at all.She reported that the next Olympic Games(hold)in Tokyo in 2020.Mary said that she (get)up at six every morning.had stolentravelswill comewill be heldge
13、ts.单句语法填空1Tiring as it might be,the military training is believed (be)the best opportunity to make lifelong friends.2We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.3He said he (not,see)his old friends for a long time.4The teacher said that two plus two (be)four.to be
14、whoeverhadnt seenis5The moment I got home,my wife asked me I had been to the hospital.6 is reported that many people died in that car accident.7“Be careful with the dog，”said he.He warned me (be)careful with the dog.8How dangerous drunk-driving is!Yes.We should try to persuade our families and frien
15、ds never (drive)after drinking.9Tom told his teacher that he (be)born in 1988.10As soon as he comes back,Ill tell him when you (come)and see him.whether/ifItto beto drivewaswill come.用下面括号中的动词把下列句子改成转述结构1Well close credit lines if you dont reduce the amount of carbon dioxide you produce.(threaten)Th
16、ey our credit lines if we dont reduce the amount of carbon dioxide we produce.2OK,you are right,some poisonous chemicals did escape into the atmosphere.(admit)They some poisonous chemicals had escaped into the atmosphere.threatened to closeadmitted that3Why dont you drop in tonight ahead of your mee
17、ting?(invite)He/She/They in tonight ahead of my meeting.4Stand up immediately!(order)He/She/They stand up immediately.5You cant use your dictionaries during the test.(forbid)He/She/They our dictionaries during the test.6Shall we have pancakes with honey?(suggest)He/She/They pancakes with honey.invit
18、ed me to dropordered me toforbade us to usesuggested having/that we should have7Is the bus service running according to the timetable today?(inquire)I/He/She/They/We the bus service was running according to the timetable today.8The fire luckily caused no loss of life.(report)They the fire had luckil
19、y caused no loss of life.inquired if/whetherreported that单元语法项目(二)被动语态语法图解探究发现The debt must be paid off before next month.The broken bike is being repaired now.The work will be finished in three hours.He has no memory of having been praised.They are to see the concert being held in Shanghai at prese
20、nt.我的发现(1)句为的被动语态。(2)句分别为和的被动语态。(3)句分别为和的被动语态。情态动词现在进行时一般将来时动名词现在分词一、谓语动词的被动语态一般来说，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态。动作的执行者一般由介词by引起的短语来充当(常省略)。被动语态由“助动词be过去分词”构成，其各种时态形式见下表：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般式are doneweredonewilldonewouldbdone进行式aredoneweredone完成式havedonehad been donewilldonewoulddone注：情态动词的被动语态：情态动词be doneHe
21、is regarded as a brilliant man.(一般现在时)他被认为是个才华横溢的人。This book was published in 2016.(一般过去时)这本书出版于 2016 年。A new railway is now being built.(现在进行时)一条新铁路正在修建。Such a thing has never been heard of before.(现在完成时)这种事以前从未听说过。The cat was being washed when we called him.(过去进行时)我们给他打电话时他在给猫洗澡。He said the factor
22、y had been opened.(过去完成时)他说这家工厂已经开张。A new bridge will be built over the river.(一般将来时)河上将建一座新桥。The work must be finished at once.(情态动词be done)这项工作必须立刻完成。名师点津(1)有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，当它们和 well,badly,easily 等副词连用时，表示主语的内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动形式表示被动意义，这时不用于被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。This sweater
23、washes well.(wash 表示主语的性能)这件外套很好洗。(2)某些表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear等，用主动表示被动，常接形容词或名词作表语。It sounds good.那听上去很好。(3)表示运动变化的某些动词，如drive,change,move等，不用于被动语态。The traffic light changed green.交通灯变绿了。即时演练 1 用所给词的适当形式填空(2019天津高考改编)Amy,as well as her brothers,(give)a warm welcome wh
24、en returning to the village last week.(2019江苏高考改编)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals (install)by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.(2017江苏高考改编)He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he (follow)wasgivenwill have been installedwas being followed(2017北京高考改编)In the 1950s in the
25、 USA,most families had just one phone at home,and wireless phones (not invent)yet.(2016北京高考改编)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts (reward)with success in the end.(2016江苏高考改编)More efforts,as reported,(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural
26、reform.hadnt beeninventedwill be rewardedwill be made二、非谓语动词的被动语态1构成非谓语动词的被动语态包括一般式和完成式。其构成如下表：非谓语动词一般式完成式动名词being donehaving been done现在分词being donehaving been done不定式to be doneto have been doneThe little childs wish is to be taken to Disneyland.(不定式一般式的被动语态)这个小孩子的愿望是被领着去迪斯尼乐园。Her latest book is sa
27、id to have been translated into Chinese.(不定式完成式的被动语态)她最新出版的书据说已被译成中文了。The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.(动名词一般式的被动语态)这只松鼠很幸运，它恰好逃脱了。The building being built now is our teaching building.(现在分词一般式的被动语态)正在建的这座建筑物是我们的教学楼。Having been invited to speak,Ill have to start making prepara
28、tions tomorrow.(现在分词完成式的被动语态)因被邀请讲话，我明天就得开始做准备。2不用被动语态的情况(1)need,want,require,be worth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。Your hair needs cutting.(主动表被动)你的头发该理了。(2)不定式在某些形容词后作状语且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，此类形容词包括：difficult,comfortable,pleasant,fit,interesting,unfit,light,heavy,dangerous,etc.等。The sentence is easy to und
29、erstand.(understand与the sentence构成动宾关系)这个句子容易理解。(3)不定式作名词的后置定语，和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，同时和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式表被动含义。She had only a cold room to live in.(live in与room有逻辑上的动宾关系)她只有一间寒冷的房间居住。(4)在be to结构中的一些不定式。这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。这类动词有blame,seek,let(出租)等。You are to blame for the accident.(be to blame结构)你应该
30、为这次事故负责。(5)过去分词本身表示被动意义，其没有被动形式。即时演练 2 用所给词的适当形式填空 The airport (complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _(attack)in the South China Sea.This machine is very easy (operate).An
31、ybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.(ask)to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.The old building needs (repair)to be completedbeingattackedto operateHaving been askedrepairing/to be repaired.用所给词的适当形式填空1The press conference is (hold)tomorrow.2(tell)many times,he finally under
32、stood it.3Its impossible to avoid (affect)in such stormy weather.4The question (discuss)at present.5Her new album (sell)well and she rises to fame overnight.to be heldHaving been toldbeing affectedis being discussedsells6The little trees require (water)every day.7He said that some houses (burn)down
33、in the big fire.8The room seems (clean)already.watering/to be wateredhad been burntto have been cleaned.句型转换1They had built the railway by the end of last year.The railway by the end of last year.2They are watching the football match.The football match by them.3They have sold out the light green dre
34、sses.The light green dresses by them.4The children will sing an English song.An English song by the children.had been builtis being watchedhave been sold outwill be sung5People use metal for making machines.Metal making machines.6He made me do that for him.I that for him.7He is likely to let you down.You are likely by him.8They must do it at once.It at once by them.is used forwas made to doto be let downmust be done“单元质量检测”见“Unit 22 单元质量检测（一）”(单击进入电子文档)谢谢 观 看
