1、Unit 21Human Biology第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分35分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AClothes can make phone calls, play music, dial your pals number, operate your computer? This is not a fantasy.A British company, called Electrotextiles, has created clothes that have a mind of their own!
2、 Scientists, working for the company, have invented a fabric (织物) that can be mixed with electronic materials to create intelligent clothing.If you think the wearer has to carry wires, think again.These clothes are wirefree, soft to touch and washable! Like any electronic devices, these hightech clo
3、thes have to be powered.At present, a tiny ninevolt battery serves the purpose.But the researchers hope that in the near future, the clothes will produce electricity by using body heat.These clothes are 100 percent shockproof (抗震的), they say.The Electrotextiles team has also created the worlds first
4、 cloth keyboard.This keyboard can be sewn into your trousers or skirts.To use this device, you will have to sit down and tap on your lap! These “laptap” devices are all set to take over laptop computers!Another useful garment is the shirtcummobile phone.This handy invention enables drivers to chat c
5、omfortably with both hands on the wheel! Other popular electronic wear includes the denim jacket (牛仔夹克) and the electronic skijacket with a builtin heater.The skijacket is also programmed to send signals to a satellite.This technology is known as global positioning and can be used to track lost skie
6、rs and wandering kids.Having completed the cloth keyboard, scientists have already started work on a new project a necktie that can be used as a computers mouse.What next? Do you have any ideas?()1.The first sentence of the passage is designed to _.Atell us technology is developing fastBget the read
7、ers interested in the topicCmake us believe in the authors ideaDmake us have a dream for the future()2.Which of the following is TRUE about an electronic cloth?AWe can see wires in it.BIt can be washed.CIt is made of common cloth.DIt is still a fantasy.()3.According to the passage, which of the foll
8、owing has come true?AUsing body heat to produce electricity.BA necktie acting as a computer mouse.CCloth keyboard.DSkirt computer.【解题导语】本文讲述了几项新的发明，有的已经研制成功，有的正在研制中。1B目的意图题。开篇用设问的形式提出新鲜事物，引起读者的阅读兴趣。2B细节理解题。由第二段可知，电子布料可以洗。3C细节理解题。由第三段第一句可知，布料键盘已经研制成功，其他还未实现。BMeet Ben Saunders: adventurer, athlete, mo
9、tivational speaker.Ben, at the age of 23, was the youngest man to ski solo (单人滑雪) to the North Pole.He dragged a 180kilogramme sledge (雪橇) over 1,420 miles through the worst Arctic conditions.This year, as well as planning a return to the Arctic, Ben plans to ski solo from the Antarctic coast to the
10、 South Pole and back in the autumn, carrying all his supplies on his sledge.Ben Saunders was fired after persuading the firm to support his disorganized first adventure.“Everything that could go wrong did go wrong.We were attacked by a bear.We started running out of food.It was just desperate. And w
11、e didnt get to the Pole; we didnt get there, so we had no media interest.No one heard about it: no book deal, and no speaking.I was so unhappy.”People said it was impossible for me to get to the Pole.I said, “No, I can get there，” and I did.Selfbelief, I see it as being a bit like a muscle its my be
12、lief that the more you stretch (伸展) yourself the stronger it gets.If you never do anything thats uncomfortable or risky then your selfbelief gets weaker.So thats one of the lessons Ive figured out along the way.The thing that Ive stretched and tested is my selfbelief.“My Antarctic adventure is just
13、practicable and thats what is exciting to me.If I knew it was possible, if I knew I could do it without too much bother, I wouldnt be interested.” Why? “Personally Im attracted by the human performance element to it.Not that long ago, running a marathon was seen as the top point of human attempt, an
14、d now I wouldnt be that surprised if my mum said she was going to run one next year.”Peoples horizons (见识) are changing.“Im not particularly gifted, and Im absolutely average.Ive just chosen this one goal to achieve and Ive been working hard to realize it.Thats it.And thats the thing that attracts m
15、e: with enough training and enough determination, enough focus and preparation, how far can we go? And I dont think Ive found out yet.”()4.What do we know about Ben Saunders first adventure?AThere was no press coverage.BIt was supported by his company.CIt was well planned and organized.DHe actually
16、reached the North Pole.()5.According to Ben Saunders, if you want to stretch your selfbelief, you should _.Aoften test your confidenceBtry something adventurousCaim to reach the North PoleDalways stretch your muscles()6.Ben Saunders was excited about his Antarctic adventure because _.Ahe liked runni
17、ng a marathonBhe wanted to exercise his bodyChe knew it might be achievableDhe was sure he could do it easily()7.What can we learn from the last paragraph?AWe have to change our views about adventure.BWe can never know our possibilities and energies.CWe should have a reason for going on an adventure
18、.DWe have to be especially talented to have an adventure.【解题导语】本文是记叙文，主要介绍了极地探险家Ben Saunders。4A细节理解题。由第二段中的“we didnt get there, so we had no media interest”可知，在Ben Saunders的第一次北极探险中，由于他们没有到达北极，所以没有引起媒体的关注。5B推理判断题。由第三段中的“If you never do anything thats uncomfortable or risky then your selfbelief gets
19、weaker.”可知，Ben Saunders认为，如果你从不做任何不舒服或有风险的事情，那么你的自我信念就会变弱，因此，如果想增强自我信念，就需要尝试一些有挑战的事情。6C细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“My Antarctic adventure is just practicable and thats what is exciting to me.”可知，令Ben Saunders感到兴奋的是他的南极探险是可行的、可以实现的。7B推理判断题。由最后一段中的“with enough training and enough determination, enough focus and pr
20、eparation, how far can we go? And I dont think Ive found out yet”可知，我们永远不会知道我们能走多远，我们不会知道我们的潜能和力量。CImagine passenger pigeons (旅鸽) flying the skies over the United States.See Tasmanian tigers running through the Great Australian Desert, Caribbean monk seals swimming in the Gulf of Mexico, and the dod
21、o walking around the islands of the Indian Ocean.Cant picture it? Thats because all of these animals are extinct for now.In the past few weeks, the phrase “deextinction”(灭绝动物复活)has risen in the scientific community.Thanks to recent developments in genetic research, researchers are now able to bring
22、extinct species back to life.At a Technology, Entertainment, and Design (TED) Talk in Washington DClast week, a team of scientists suggested a wide variety of species that can be revived (恢复)Sounds impossible? But, surprisingly, the technology needed to bring these animals back already exists.In 200
23、0, the Pyrenean ibex, a goat that lived in the French Pyrenees, died out, but in 2003 scientists were able to create a clone from a live tissue sample taken before the goats disappearance.Unfortunately, the clone only lived for seven minutes, but the experiment opened the door for bringing back exti
24、nct species.But deextinction still faces many challenges.One of the biggest challenges is where to put them.If we are going to bring these extinct species back to life, what are we going to do with them? Will they go into zoos, or should we offer them the areas in which they once existed? More impor
25、tantly, do their habitats still exist in the same manner as in the time they went extinct? Many species in the 19th and 20th centuries went extinct due to rapid habitat change, so if we bring them back, there is no guarantee they would exist again in todays world.Whats more, bringing extinct species
26、 back to life may lessen the importance of our current wildlife conservation.Isnt it more important to focus on conserving existing species? Why bother with extinct species when there are so many living ones that need our help now?()8.Through deextinction, scientists can_.Afind the reasons for extin
27、ctionBdraw pictures of extinct animalsCcreate many new species of animalsDbring back animals that have died out ()9.The author mentions the cloning of the Pyrenean ibex to _.Aexplain how cloning technology worksBexplain why clones live very short livesCshow deextinction is technically possibleDshow
28、many animals are in danger of extinction()10.According to Paragraph 4, if extinct animals are revived, they_.Awill be a new threat to humansBmay become extinct once againCcan live very well in todays worldDwill help keep the balance of nature【解题导语】科学家现在能够让已经灭绝的动物复活，但这些复活的动物可能会因为不适应环境再次灭绝。因此作者主张把精力集中
29、在保护濒危动物上，而不应该在恢复灭绝动物上费心。8D细节理解题。由第二段中的“researchers are now able to bring extinct species back to life”可知，科学家们现在能够让已经灭绝的动物复活。9C推理判断题。第三段先提到“the technology needed to bring these animals back already exists”，然后举克隆羊试验成功的例子，再结合本段末的“the experiment opened the door for bringing back extinct species”可知，举这个例子
30、是为了说明恢复灭绝动物从技术角度讲是可行的。10B细节理解题。由第四段末的“there is no guarantee they would exist again in todays world”可知，已经灭绝的动物被恢复后可能会因为不适应环境而再次灭绝。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。CommunicationPeople learn and share information through communication.All forms of communication have one thi
31、ng in common: the sending and receiving of a message.Using different kinds of communication, people can pass along their ideas and feelings to just one person or to millions._11_ Animals communicate through sounds, scents (气味), and acts.Computers communicate with other computers through electronic n
32、etworks.People communicate through languages, both spoken and written._12_ Written language includes books, newspapers, and email.People also communicate without words.Body and face movements show feelings.Deaf people use hand movements called sign language.The arts are also a form of communication.
33、_13_The first modern humans appeared about 200,000 years ago.They likely used sounds, movements, and then speech.About 30,000 years ago humans started making paintings and sculptures on the walls of caves.Humans invented writing more than 5,000 years ago.The ancient Sumerian people developed the fir
34、st known script (文字), called cuneiform (楔形文字)Then the ancient Egyptians developed a picturebased writing called hieroglyphics (象形文字)The invention of the printing press in the 1400s was a major advance in written communication._14_Telecommunication is communication over long distances.In ancient time
35、s pigeons carried written messages.Before trains and cars, messengers on foot or on horseback carried letters._15_ Since then, telecommunication has become faster thanks to television, telephones, and the Internet.AIt let printers quickly make copies of a text.BCommunication is not only a human acti
36、vity.CPublic postal services started in the 1500s and 1600s.DSpoken language includes conversations and speeches.ESpoken communication is dependent on a number of factors.FPhotographs, paintings, music, and movies can communicate feelings as well as facts.GModern technologies for longdistance commun
37、ication usually involve electrical technologies.【解题导语】本文是说明文，主要介绍了交流的定义、种类及通信的发展历史。11B由该空后的“Animals communicate through sounds ”和“Computers communicate with other computers ”可知，B项“交流不仅仅是人类的活动”符合此处语境。12D由该空前的“both spoken and written”和该空后的“Written language includes books, newspapers, and email.”可知，设空处
38、是对口头语言的描述。13F由该空前的“The arts are also a form of communication.”可知，F项内容“照片、绘画、音乐和电影也可以传达情感”符合此处语境。14A由该空前的“The invention of the printing press”可知，印刷术使得快速复制文本成为可能。15C由该空前的“In ancient times”和“Before trains and cars”以及该空后的“Since then”可知，C项“公共邮政服务开始于16、17世纪”符合此处语境。第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5
39、分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。We humans experience two kinds of limitations: physical and mental.I had a remarkable _16_ with Nancy, who was a _17_ of MS.(多发性神经硬化症), about physical limitations.She could no longer _18_ and spent her waking hours in a wheelchair.“Im not confined
40、(限制) to a wheelchair，” she insisted.“It doesnt confine me.It sets me _19_.”“Before I got my wheelchair，” she continued, “I had trouble _20_.Now I can go places! People confined to a room or a bed are usually _21_.They spend their lives with a _22_ heart.So what I want to do is set them free.”Because
41、 of her _23_， Nancy now helps people find ways of _24_ more physical freedom.But we humans suffer from other kinds of limitations, too.We need free ourselves from _35_ attitudes.Almost everybody walks around with a vast burden (负担) of imaginary limitations inside his _36_.While the burden remains, p
42、ersonal success is difficult to _27_.What burden of limiting beliefs and attitudes are you walking around with? Do you ever say, “I cant _28_ this”？ Do you believe other people can _29_ the good things of life or simply be happy, but not you? These patterns of _30_ are as much of a burden as a bag o
43、f rocks tied to your back.Okay, certain limitations are a part of our _31_.You may be more able to see those that are _32_.After all, mental limitations can be _33_ hidden.But when you _34_ limiting attitudes and beliefs, youll discover _35_ you never dreamed of.Youll do things you never thought you
44、 could do and youll be truly free!()16.ApartyBcompetitionCconversationDagreement()17.AreporterBdoctorCscientistDsufferer()18.AsleepBwalkClistenDtalk()19.AfreeBbackCasideDoff()20.Astaying upBturning aroundCgetting aroundDwaking up()21.AcruelBstrangeCcalmDdepressed()22.AhardBheavyCwarmDbig()23.Adiseas
45、eBfaultCfailureDcarelessness()24.AlovingBwantingCgainingDdemanding()25.AcorrectBcasualCpublicDnegative()26.AhandBheadChomeDcoat()27.AloseBmeasureCachieveDremember()28.AchangeBreviewCforgetDguess()29.AunderstandBexperienceCpreventDdamage()30.AdiscussingBspeakingCwritingDthinking()31.AlifeBjourneyCcha
46、llengeDprogram()32.AperfectBexactCphysicalDsimple()33.AreallyBeasilyCaccidentallyDeventually()34.Aget rid ofBmake fun ofCcome up withDlive up to()35.AfriendshipBknowledgeCdutiesDpowers【解题导语】生理缺陷会使我们行动不便，而思维缺陷会使我们消极。当我们克服思维上的缺陷后，我们会发现自己真的有无限的潜能。16C下文就是作者跟Nancy“谈话(conversation)”的内容。17D由下文谈到的Nancy的状况判断
47、：她是一个多发性神经硬化症“患者(sufferer)”。18B从本空后的“in a wheelchair”可知，她无法“走路(walk)”。19A由下文的“Now I can go places！”可知，Nancy认为有了轮椅后她更“自由(free)”了。set free“使获得自由”。20C由“Now I can go places！”可知，没有轮椅前，Nancy无法“来回活动(getting around)”。21D卧病在床的那些人情绪应该是比较“低落的(depressed)”。22B情绪低落，心情自然也就很“沉重(heavy)”。23A因为Nancy有患“病(disease)”的经历，她
48、现在正帮助人们“获得(gaining)”更多的自由。24C参见上题解析。25D我们需要把自己从“消极的(negative)”态度中解放出来。26B思维的缺陷应该是在“头部(head)”中。27C只要这种负担存在，成功就很难“实现(achieve)”。28A此处是举几个消极无奈的表现的例子，由此可知这里是说“我”无力“改变(change)”这件事。29B你相信别人能够“经历(experience)”美好的事情，而你却不行吗？30D上文举的例子都是一个人的消极“想法(thinking)”。31A有些缺陷是“生活(life)”的一部分。32C“生理(physical)”缺陷与下文的“mental l
49、imitations”作对比。33B思维上的缺陷“容易(easily)”隐藏。34A但是，当你真的能“克服(get rid of)”这种思维缺陷时，你就能获得巨大的力量。35D由下文“Youll do things you never thought you could do”可知，你能获得巨大的“力量(powers)”。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cinderella is the new liveaction Disney movie 36._(base) on the fairy tale Cinder
50、ella by Charles Perrault.This film version is not a direct remake of the 1950 Walt Disney movie, 37._ follows the same storyline.The movie tells the tale of Ella, a girl 38._ family has experienced unexpected changes.Her father remarries a pretty woman who is cruel.When Ellas father 39._(sudden) fal
51、ls ill and passes away, her stepmother abuses her kindness and makes her a servant.But 40._ invitation to a palace ball offers Ella a chance to change her life forever.The newly produced movie is 41._ (differ) enough to breathe some freshness into this popular fairy tale, but retains (保留) some eleme
52、nts to make 42._ interesting.There are some funny scenes with the cat and Ellas mice friends, which add the right touch of comedy.The film, while it includes some darker scenes sometimes, is light and cheerful.43_ makes Cinderella so wonderful is that while it maintains the magic and charm of the an
53、imated (动画的) film, it also builds on the characters so that the story has more 44._ (deep) and emotion.In the new film, we get to see the life Ella lived before she 45._ (treat) badly by her stepmother and stepsisters.It makes the story interesting and the struggle more beautiful.Ella is strong, kin
54、d and honest.She has pity even for those who treat her badly, and her perseverance is so moving.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了电影灰姑娘的故事情节、影片的魅力等内容。36based分析句子结构可知，此处为过去分词短语作定语。(be) based on“以为基础”，是固定用法。37but上下文之间是转折关系，应填连词but。28whose空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“a girl”，且在从句中作定语，因此填关系代词whose。29suddenly修饰动词应用副词suddenly。40an此处表示泛指，且i
55、nvitation的发音是以元音音素开头的，故用an。41different该空在be动词之后作表语，故应填形容词different。42it此处指代上文提到的“The newly produced movie”，故用it。43What分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，因此该空填What。44depth这里用名词作宾语，且与emotion并列。45was treated这部新电影让我们了解了Ella在被继母和继母的女儿们虐待之前的生活。treat这一动作发生在lived之后，lived用了一般过去时，此处也要用一般过去时。Ella与treat之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。第
56、三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节应用文写作(满分15分)假设你是李梅，你的好朋友Susan 前不久随父母去了美国，她写信告诉你，新的学校生活在刚开始时不容易适应，感到很孤独。请你根据以下要点用英语给她写一封电子邮件。1.学好英语，从而增加和别人交流的机会；2.多交一些朋友；3.积极参加各种活动。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear Susan，Yours，Li Mei【答案】One possible version：Dear Susan，Im sorry to hear that you are having t
57、rouble adapting to your new school life in American， but this situation can be easily changed if you take my advice.Firstly， you should work hard at English， which can give you more opportunities to communicate with others. Secondly， why not make some friends？ They can help you to know more about Am
58、erica. Thirdly， it would be a good idea if you take an active part in all kinds of activities， which will help to make life more interesting. I hope you will find these ideas useful.Yours，Li Mei第二节概要写作(满分25分)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Sometimes people complain that getting to work in a big city is no
59、 easy matter， just like the popular saying goes， “Taking a bus is too crowded， getting a taxi is too expensive， buying a car is not practical.” It seems that traffic jams and cities go hand in hand. Everyone complains about being stuck in traffic； however， like the weather， no one seems to do anythi
60、ng about it. Needless to say， traffic jam occurs where there are lots of people but limited spaces. However， there are indeed some things you can do to reduce the time you spend in traffic jams.For example， the highway is not always the fastest way to get from Point A to Point B. Research the area a
61、nd check online maps to see if you can find a shorter route to work， which usually flows more smoothly during rush hour and can help reduce much of your driving time. From the above you may know that alternative route is of great importance. Lets take another example. Most of the population works fr
62、om 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.， which means that the majority of traffic jams happen around 7 a.m.， and 6 p.m. So if you want to avoid a traffic jam， talk to your manager about arriving at the office earlier and leaving earlier. If some of us and companies can do like this， the conditions of heavy traffic can
63、be changed in a way.Finally， you can take gymnastic， dance or yoga classes after work to avoid traffic jams. Actually， there are many reasons for us to take exercises classes and to the gym， instead of shopping and entertaining friends after work. This is a clever solution that can also help people
64、improve their health and meet others with similar interests.【答案】One possible version： People in big cities frequently meet the problem of traffic jam(要点1). The author proposes three suggestions to help us better cope with the matter(要点2). People ought to make use of online maps that are originally devised for finding a shortcut(要点3). Negotiation between companies and staff concerning working time is recommended(要点4). People are encouraged to do something beneficial like exercise to avoid the jam(要点5).
