1、河北武安市2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解摸底选练（5）及答案高考英语冲刺阅读理解。请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Wugging, or web use giving, describes the act of giving to charity at no cost to the user. By using Everyclick. com, which is being added to a number of university computers across the UK this week, students can raise m
2、oney every time they search, but it wont cost them a penny.Research shows that students are enthusiastic about supporting charity, 88% of full time students have used the Internet to give to charity. This figure is high, considering this age group is often the least likely to have disposable(可支配的)in
3、come. 19% of 22 to 24 years old have short-term debts of more than 5，000. With rising personal debt levels in this age group, due to university tuition fees or personal loans and a lack of long-term savings, traditional methods of donating to charity are often not appealing or possible.Beth Truman,
4、a 21-year-old recent university graduate has used Everyclick. com to donate to her chosen charity, the RSPCA, for two years and has seen thewuggingmovement grow popular with students. “When youre at university you become more socially aware, but its sometimes hard to give to others when you have lit
5、tle money yourself.” says Beth. “Wugging is great for people in this age group as it allows them to use the technology on a daily basis to give it to charity, without costing them a single penny.”Wugging is perfect for people who want to be more socially aware and supportive but dont feel they have
6、the means to do so. Students using the web can generate money for causes they care about without it costing them anything in terms of time or money, and charities get a valuable source of funding.Everyclick. com works like any other search engine, allowing users to search for information, news and i
7、mages but users can identify which of the UKs 170，000 charities they would like to support through their clicks. Everyclick. com then makes monthly payments to every registered charity. Launched in June 2005 Everyclick. com is now the eighth largest search engine and one of the busiest charity websi
8、tes in the UK.1. According to the passage Everyclick. com contributes to charity_. A. without taking any money from usersB. by receiving money from studentsC. by directly offering information to studentsD. by advertising on their website答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。由第一段最后一句话 “students can raise money every time
9、 they search, but it wont cost them a penny.” 和第三段最后一句话 “Wugging is great for people in this age group as it allows them to use the technology on a daily basis to give it to charity, without costing them a single penny.” 可知，Everyclick. Com对慈善事业作贡献不收取捐助人的费用，故答案为A。2. How does Beth Truman think of the“
10、wugging”movement? A. It makes Everyclick. com popular in the UK.B. It makes giving to charity easy.C. It is a common way to promote the studentssocial awareness.D. It stresses the importance of charity in peoples daily lives. 答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节推理题。由第三段最后一句话 “as it allows them to use the technology on a
11、 daily basis to give it to charity, without costing them a single penny.” 可知，答案为B。3. From the passage, we can conclude that _. A. more full time students contribute to charity on the Internet every dayB. Everyclick. com helps students pay for the college educationC. “wugging”is a win-win idea for bo
12、th students and charitiesD. E is the most successful search engine in the UK 答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由倒数第二段 “Students using the web can generate money for causes they care about without it costing them anything in terms of time or money, and charities get a valuable source of funding.”可知，学生可以依靠该网站为慈善事业捐钱而不
13、花费时间或金钱，慈善事业也可以得到珍贵的基金源，该网站为学生和慈善事业创造了双赢，故答案为C。4. What would be the best title for this passage? A. “Wugging”, A New Popular Term on the InternetB. British People Show Strong Interest in CharitiesC. More Britain Charities Benefit from the InternetD. Students Raise Money for Charity by“Wugging” 答案解析：
14、答案为D。本题考查文章的标题。通读全文可知，“Wugging” 、“Students”和“Charity”是全文话题的三个主要要素，故标题为D选项，最能概括全文的大意。高考英语冲刺阅读理解。请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to in
15、vest in, involves the use of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization（最佳化）compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Advocates of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Al
16、though there are several variations on the exact format（格式）that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the related considerations that will be affected
17、by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest
18、number of points emerges as the best decision. Since most important problems are multifaceted(多方面的)，there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with
19、 more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many colle
20、ge students is the question “What will I do after graduation?” A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year. A decision-making worksheet begins with a clear statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is i
21、mportant to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to “What will I do after graduation that will lead t
22、o successful career?”1. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. A tool to assist in making complex decisions.B. A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions.C. Research on how people make decisions.D. Difference between long-range and short-range decision-making.答案解析：答案为A。本题为主旨大意题。文章第一段开头就点出
23、了讨论的话题 “Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, involves the use of a decision worksheet.”，帮助做重要决定的决策工作表，故答案为A。2. Of the following steps, which occurs before the three other steps in making a decision worksheet?A. Listing the consequ
24、ences of each solution.B. Calculating a numerical summary of each solution.C. Deciding which consequences are most important.D. Writing down all possible solutions.答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。由第一段 “Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their
25、 essential aspects.”可知，尽管决策工作表在格式上有不同之处，但是他们在本质方面是类似的。文章接下来就对制作决策工作表的步骤进行了介绍 “Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, ” 可以推断，第一步就是定义问题并列举所有解答问题的方法，因此答案为D。3. According to decision-making worksheet theory, an optimal decision
26、 is defined as one that _.A. has the fewest variables to considerB. uses the most decision worksheetsC. has the most points assigned to itD. is agreed to by the greatest number of people答案解析：答案C。本题为细节推理题。由第一段 “Advocates of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best
27、 decisions.”和“The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.”两句话，可知最佳决策是得分最高的那个，因此答案为C。4. The author develops the discussion in para. 1 by means of _.A. describing a processB. classifying types of worksheetsC. providing historical backgroundD. explaining a theory答案解析
28、：答案为A。本题为推理题。结合前面第2、3题的分析可知，作者在第一段开始介绍了决策工作表，后面的内容陈述了决策工作表的制定步骤，因此答案为A。B选项“对决策工作表分类“；C选项“提供历史背景”；D选项“解释一种理论”，显然都不是作者的写作手法，均不选。5. The author states that “On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once” in the last paragraph to explain that _.A. most decisions involve seven s
29、tepsB. human mental capacity has limitationsC. some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisionsD. people can keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice答案解析：答案为B。本题为句意理解题。结合该句子的上下文 “One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits
30、people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships.” 可知，决策工作表的一个优点就
31、是比起人的大脑一般可以理解和记住的东西来说，它可以处理更多的多样性，一般来说人的大脑一次能有七个想法，然而，当牵涉到很多个不一样的决策、并且它们之间关系比较复杂的时候，决策工作表特别有用。因此作者说人的大脑一次能有七个想法意在表明人的大脑的能力有限。故答案为B。 【2014高考英语安徽省六校联考】CI once had a house guest from Cuba.During his visit, I happened to throw an old broken blender (搅拌机) in the trash. The next day it was sitting on my c
32、ounter in working order. In his world, people simply cannot afford to replace an item which doesnt work properly. They take the time and figure out how to fix it. In Cuba, they are still driving cars from the 1960s, mainly because they do not have a choice. In contrast, the U.S. is a “throw-away soc
33、iety.” Statistics show that each American produces six pounds of trash per day.I believe a combination of factors has contributed to this phenomenon.“Planned obsolescence(废弃)” is not a secret. It is a manufacturing (制造业) philosophy developed in the 1920s and 1930s, when mass production became popula
34、r.The goal is to make a product or part that will fail, or become less desirable over time or after a certain amount of use. This pressures the consumer to buy again.Planned obsolescence does keep costs down.Instead of making an expensive product that will last a long time, businesses produce more a
35、ffordable, disposable(一次性的) items. Some electronic items have become so inexpensive that it is cheaper to replace them than to repair them.Busy people often value their time and convenience more than money. If a car starts to have mechanical problems, replacing it with a newer, more reliable model m
36、ay be more appealing than tolerating it being in the garage for a week.In addition, advertising trains consumers to want what is new and improved. It convinces them that the more they have, the happier they will be. Unlike people in many developing countries, we live in a world of abundance. A study
37、 by Dr. Timothy Jones of the University of Arizona also found that in the U.S., 40-50 percent of all food ready for harvest is wasted.Abundance and waste soon became closely associated in the American way of life.64. In Cuba, people usually fix a broken item instead of buying a new one because _. A.
38、 wasting is prohibited thereB. they are poor C. they are interested in fixing thingsD. they live a low-carbon life65. According to the article, planned obsolescence _. A. began before mass production became popular B. is intended to encourage consumers to buy more things C. results in higher prices
39、of items D. requires factories to produce high-quality products66. Which of the following is NOT true about the “throw-away society” in the U.S.? A. People prefer to buy a new blender rather than repair the broken one. B. A large quantity of food has been wasted. C. People believe that the more they
40、 have, the happier they will be. D. People all hold the belief that money comes first.67. What may be the writers attitude towards a throw-away society? A. Supportive.B. Critical.C. Tolerant.D. Optimistic.【参考答案】6467 BBDB 6871 CBCC 7275 BADB【2014高考英语安徽省六校联考】DXIAN China has introduced various emergenc
41、y responses and long-term measures against air pollution in the central and eastern regions.The air quality index (AQI) for Xian reached 500 on Wednesday afternoon, at the top of the AQI scale, according to the national air quality monitoring website. Xian weather forecasters predict the smog (雾霾) w
42、ill continue for the next week and air pollution may worsen.“I have to keep buying masks for my family,” said Liu, buying masks at a pharmacy (药店) near her home in downtown Xian. “This is the only thing we can do to protect ourselves.”On Wednesday, a city government emergency response plan was put i
43、nto action, suspending all construction and taking at least 50 percent of government vehicles off the road. Power plants must limit their output and reduce emissions. Nearly half the country, more than 100 cities in 20 provinces, has suffered from smog since last December. Many have taken action, in
44、cluding experimenting with artificial methods to reduce smog, limiting vehicle use and fining polluters.Assessments based on GDP alone were abandoned last month and more emphasis has been put on public well-being and the environment. Whether the move will be effective in forcing local governments co
45、nsider environmental issues over economic growth remains to be seen. Environmental protection professionals are doubtful about the immediacy of the effects of these measures.Xiao Hang, an urban researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said it took London 50 years to lose the moniker (绰号) “fogg
46、y London town”, and Los Angeles still struggles to control its photochemical (光化学) smog. “We cant ignore environmental problems during the development process and China has a long way to go,” he said.68. What would be the best title for the article? A. AQI for Xian reached 500 B. Smog crisis tries t
47、he limits of peoples patience C. Smoggy Chinese cities to clear the air D. Dust masks become hot sellers69. The underlined word “suspending” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by _. A. encouragingB. stoppingC. continuingD. expanding70. We can infer from the article that _. A. China is the only country s
48、uffering from smog B. environmental professionals believe the air quality will soon be improved with these measures C. assessments based on GDP alone were harmful to environmental protection D. Xian was the most polluted city in China71. What Xiao Hang said indicates _. A. London still has serious air pollution after 50 years of effort B. the development of China is more important C. solving environmental problems requires great effort D. its normal for China to have environmental problems【参考答案】6871 CBCC
