1、【知识要点】 虚拟语气的基本用法一、语气的定义和种类1.语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2.语气的种类1)陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！2)祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：Never be late again! 再也不要
2、迟到了。Dont forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。3)虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观 愿望、假设或推测等。如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。May you succeed! 祝您成功！二、简单句中的虚拟语气1.情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如：Would you be kind eno
3、ugh to show me the way to the post office？请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。2.表祝愿1)常用“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿，但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）如：May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩得痛快。May the friendship between us last lo
4、ng. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。May you be happy. (注意be) 祝你幸福。2)用动词原形，如：Long live the people! 人民万岁！“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！3.表示强烈愿望（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”）4.表命令1)命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。2)句子尾通常加上感叹号：！ 3)虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be, go
5、4)否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上not。Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) 别工作那么卖力。5.在一些习惯表达中，如：Youd better set off now.你最好现在就出发。Id rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.宾语从句中的虚拟语气1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：从句用过去时或过去进行时(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句
6、的谓语be用were，实义动词用过去式。如：I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)I wish I were a bird.但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 对过去情况的虚拟（和过
7、去的事实相反）：用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。如：I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadnt wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)He wishes he hadnt lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)： 从句动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形”(时间上较后)(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。如：I
8、wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop) 我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)I wish you would be quiet.(would + be) 我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) 注意： 如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。如：I wished I hadnt spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多
9、钱就好了。如果that 从句中用would, 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求。如：I wish you would help me. 我希望你能帮我。2)在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的that从句应用虚拟语气，且均以should+动词原形表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词有：表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, pro
10、pose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order表示“主张”的：maintain, urge表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist 如：When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job.”当我建议他用刮胡膏时，他说“剃刀和水就行了”。He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy
11、 apart to see how it did work.他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据，直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English speaking country.我们建议学生应在说英语的国家待上两三年。在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟语气很普遍，其结构如：order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +. (should) doI
12、suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建议我们下周开个会。注意：在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气。 She insists that she is right. 她坚持说她是对的。She insisted that I should finish the work at once.她一再坚持我应该马上完成这项工作。或者说，suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。判断改错: (错)Your
13、 pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.(错)I insisted that you (should) be wrong.(对) I insisted that you were wrong. 3)在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should动词原形(或完成形式)”，
14、表示惊奇、怀疑、不满等。I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。4)would rather，would sooner，had rather， would (just) as soon ，would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 would rather, would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon，would prefer（希望）也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去时表示现在或将来
15、，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。 The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。To be frank，Id rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。Id rather you didnt make any comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。注意：若某人愿自己做
16、某事，would rather后用动词原形I would rather stay at home today.今天我愿待在家里。would rather.than.中用动词原形I would rather stay at home than go out today. 今天我想待在家里而不想外出。5)“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said
17、she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美国去念书并留在那，但她说她喜欢留在中国。2.主语从句中的虚拟语气1)“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that.”结构中的虚拟语气在It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that.结构中，使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should 动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形（美国英语中省去should）常用的形容词：natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的),
18、preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)，necessary (必须的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的)，probable (很可能的), possible (可能的) desirable (极好的)，advisable（合理的），compulsory（必须的），crucial（紧急的），incredible（惊人的），necessary（必要的），possible（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（紧迫的）。常用的过去分词(Past Participle
19、): required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求), desired (要求)，suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)，ordered (命令) 如：It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这是很重要的。It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project.重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。注意：在上述
20、所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。I dont think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的。2）在It is 名词that.的主语从句中的虚拟语气在It is 名词that的主语从句中，常用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，motion，order，pity，preference，proposal，reco
21、mmendation，requirement，resolution，shame，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。如：It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.我建议派他去国外深造。3.虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为should 动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有： demand (要求), desire (请求),requirement (要求)，advice (劝告),
22、recommendation (建议),suggestion (建议)，order (命令)，necessity (必要地), preference (优先)，proposal (计划), plan (计划), idea (办法)， recommendation以及resolution等。如：We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off.我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone.由
23、市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。虚拟语气考点透析 考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法 1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时（be动词用were）+其他成分+if+should/would/could.+动词原形+其他成分。例如： If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party. A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not 2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if+should/would/coul
24、d.+have done+其他成分。例如： If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it _ all day. A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining 3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could.+动词原形+其他成分。例如： If I _ plan to do anything I want to，Id like to go to Tibet and
25、 travel through as much of it as possible. A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to 考点二、含蓄虚拟条件句 这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如： Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we _ it without you. A.can manage B.could have managed C.could man
26、aged D.can have managed 考点三、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句 在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如： Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall 考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 在含有
27、表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。例如： Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York？ I agree，but the problem is _ he has refused to. A.will not be sent；that B.no
28、t be sent；that C.should not be sent；what D.should not send；what 考点五、wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气 具体说来其基本结构为：wish/if only/would rather+主语+动词一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反，其中be动词用were）/动词过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反）/would+动词原型（表示与将来事实相反）。例如： Look at the trouble Im in，if only I _ your advice！ A.followed B.would follow C.had
29、 followed D.should follow 典题链接1. She might have been in time for the train, but she _ late.A. startedB. has startedC. was to startD. had started2. I lost your cell phone number, otherwise, I _ you long before.A. had calledB. have calledC. would have calledD. should call3.Its so near! We should have
30、walked there.Yes, a taxi _ necessary at all.A. wasntB. isntC. hadnt beenD. wont be4. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting.A. WouldB. ShouldC. MightD. If5._ the traffic jam, we would have arrived earlier.A. In spite ofB. Because ofC. But forD. Due to6. Without your timely h
31、elp, we _ in big trouble that day.A. had beenB. would beC. would have beenD. were7. Its high time you _ to make the decision yourself.A. shall learnB. learnC. learntD. have learnt8. If you _ me earlier, you _ sorry now.A. had listened to; wouldnt have beenB. were to listen to; shouldnt have beenC. h
32、ad listened to; wouldnt beD. listened to; wouldnt be9.Im feeling terribly drunk now.Well, Id rather you _ like a fish in the party.A. didnt drinkB. hadnt drunkC. werent drinkingD. not drink10. The man insisted that he_ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did; setB. had done; should be setC. do; be setD. had
33、 done; must be set11. If only I _ an umbrella! I was wet through.A. tookB. should takeC. had takenD. take虚拟语气考点典型陷阱题分析1. I forget where I read the article, or I _ it to you now. A. will showB. would showC. am going to showD. am showing 2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _.”A. Hed better
34、 give up drinkingB. He shouldnt have drunk so muchC. Health is more important than drinkD. I wonder why he is always doing so3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _ you if you had so high a fever.”A. doB. areC. willD. would4. “He will come tomorrow.” “But Id rather he _ the day after tomorrow.”A. will com
35、eB. is comingC. cameD. had come又如：Id rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。Id rather he hadnt told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。请再做以下试题：(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “Id rather you _.”A. wontB. didntC. dontD. wouldnt (2) “Ive told him about it.” “But Id rath
36、er you _.”A. didntB. hadntC. dontD. wouldnt (3) “He will take you as well.” “But Id rather he _.”A. wontB. didntC. doesntD. wouldnt 5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _ badly wounded and that he _ at once.A. should be; be operated onB. were; must be operated onC. was; should be oper
37、atedD. was; be operated on请做以下类似试题：(1) The patient insisted that he _ ill and _ to the hospital.A. wasnt, wasnt sentB. wasnt, shouldnt be sentC. shouldnt be, wasnt sentD. shouldnt be, shouldnt be sent(2) The man in prison insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ set free.A. should do, should beB. had
38、done, should beC. had done, had beenD. should do, had been(3) I advised that he _ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _ quite well then.A. was sent; feltB. be sent; was feelingC. he sent; feelD. should be sent; should feel6. _ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he
39、 given upB. Had he given up C. Did he giveD. If he gave up又如：Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion
40、. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。精编陷阱题训练1. “I still havent thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “Its time you _.”A. doB. did C. hadD. would2. If I hadnt been lucky enough to meet you. I really _ what I would have done.A. dont knowB. hadnt knownC. wasnt knowingD. wouldnt know3. “Ive told everyone about it.” “Oh,
41、Id rather you _.”A. dontB. hadntC. couldntD. wouldnt4. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadnt rained, we _ there by tomorrow. A. cant getB. wont getC. hadnt gotD. wouldnt get5. “Do you know his address?” “No, I also wish I _ where he _.”A. knew, liveB. knew, livesC. know, livesD. kn
42、ow, lived 6. “Isnt it about time you _ to do morning exercises?” “Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?”A. beginB. have begunC. beganD. had begun7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt h
43、ave fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal.A. had scoredB. scoredC. would scoreD. would have scored9. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. liesB. layC. had lainD. sh
44、ould lie10. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _ for us to live. A. would be freezing coldB. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen coldD. can freeze coldly11. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later. A. had
45、 saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have said12. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired.A. drove; didnt getB. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt getD. had driven; wouldnt have got13. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaksB. has brokenC. were
46、brokenD. had been broken14. But for the help you gave me, I _ the examinations.A. would have passedB. would passC. wouldnt have passedD. wouldnt pass 情态动词的基本用法1.比较can 和be able to1)cancould 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could)，只用于现在时和过去时(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消
47、息了。2)只用be able to中情况：位于助动词后；情态动词后；表示过去某时刻动作时；用于句首表示条件；表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to，不能用could。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.=He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.战争爆发前，他就逃离欧洲了。注意：could不表示时态，表示提出委婉的请求（注意在回答中不可用could）。在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。Could I have the television on?Y
48、es，you can./No，you cant.He couldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。2.比较may和might1)表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!愿上帝保佑你！He might be at home.他有可能在家。注意：might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。2) may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为“不妨，还是好”。You may(just) as well tell me the truth.你还是对我说实话好。3.比较have to和must
49、1)两词都是“必须”的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。My brother was very ill，so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事） 2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。He had to look afte
50、r his sister yesterday. 昨天他不得不照看他的妹妹。3)在否定结构中：dont have to 表示“不必”；mustnt表示“禁止”You dont have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。4.must表示推测1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。You have worked hard all day.You must
51、 be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。比较：He must be staying there.他现在肯定在那里。He must stay there.他必须待在那里。 3)must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。I didnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。Why didnt you an
52、swer my phone call?Well，I must have been sleeping，so I didnt hear it.5)否定推测用cant。If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock，he cant be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。5.表示推测的用法can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：1)情态动词+动词原形表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。I dont know where she is，she may be in Wuhan.我不知道她在
53、哪儿，她可能在武汉。2)情态动词+动词现在进行时表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。At this moment，our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3)情态动词+动词完成时表示对过去情况的推测。We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年12月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4)情态动词+动词的现在
54、完成进行时表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。5)推测的否定形式，疑问形式用cant，couldnt表示。Mike cant have found his car，for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。注意：could，might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can，may。6.情态动词+have+过去分词1)may(might)have+done sth.can (could)have
55、+done sth.表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。Philip may (might)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.飞利浦在那场车祸中有可能伤的很严重。2)must have+done sth.对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有“肯定”“谅必”的意思。Linda has gone to work，but her bicycle is still here.She must have gone by bus.3)ought to have done sth.should have done sth.本应该做某事，
56、而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）ought to 在语气上比should 要强。4)neednt have done sth.本没必要做某事I dressed very warmly for the trip，but I neednt have done so.The weather was hot. 那次旅行，我穿的非常暖和，但我本没有必要那么去做。天太热了。5)would like to have done sth.本打算做某事I would like to
57、 have read the article，but I was very busy then.我本想读那本书，但我那时太忙了。7.should 和ought toshould 和ought to 都为“应该”的意思，可用于各种人称。Ought he to go?Yes.I think he ought to.表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该），had better最好），must（必须）渐强。8.had better表示“最好”had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。had better do sth.最好干某事had better not d
58、o sth.最好不干某事had better have done sth.表示与事实相反的结果，意为“本来最好”。9.would rather表示“宁愿”would rather do 宁可干某事would rather not do 宁可不干某事would rather.than. 宁愿而不愿还有would sooner，had rather，had sooner都表示“宁愿”“宁可”的意思。I would rather stay here than go home.=I would stay here rather than go home.我宁可待在这儿也不回家。10.will和woul
59、d1)would like；would like to do=want to 想要，为固定搭配。Would you like to go with me?你想和我一块儿去吗？2)Will you.?Would you like.?表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some，而不是any。 Would you like some cake?要蛋糕吗？3)否定结构中用will，一般不用would，wont you是一种委婉语气。Wont you sit down?你不坐吗？11.情态动词的回答方式问句肯定回答 否定回答Need you.? Yes，I must.No,I needntMust
60、 you.?/ dont have to.12.带to 的情态动词带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to，have to，used to，be to，如加上have got to(=must)，be able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意：Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?She didnt use to play tennis before she was fourteen.You ought not to have told her all about it.Ought he to se
61、e a heart specialist at once.ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问、否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。13.比较need和dare这两词既可作实义动词用，又可作情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时，后面的to 时常可以被省略。1)实义动词：need（需要，要求）need+n./to do sth.2)情态动词：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。Need you go yet?Yes，I must./No，
62、I neednt.3)need 的被动含义：need，want，require，worth（形容词）后面接doing，也可以表示被动：need doing=need to be done情态动词考点透析考点一、情态动词基本含义的考查 情态动词的基本含义，一直是高考考查的重要内容。例如： 1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 2. When can I come for the photos? I need
63、 them tomorrow afternoon. They_be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need 二、情态动词表示推测的考查 对情态动词表示推测的用法，是高考考查情态动词的一个重要方面。例如： 1. Sorry, Im late. I_have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again . A. might B. should C. can D. will 2. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterda
64、y afternoon,so he_your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended 3.Mr Bush is on time for everything. How_it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must 4.I heard they went skiing in the mountains las
65、t winter? It_true because there was little snow there.A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be 分析：高考对表示推测的情态动词集中在must, can, could, may, might上，准确掌握它们使用的场合，是解决问题的关键。Must 用于肯定陈述句，表示肯定推测；can, could用于疑问或否定陈述句，表示可能性推测；may, might用于陈述句，表示可能性推测；用于否定陈述句中，cant （不可能）的语气比may not（可能不）强。此外，还要注意有对过去和对现在
66、两种情况的推测,对过去推测用情态动词+have done ，对现在推测用情态动词+ 动词原形。 三、情态动词表示虚拟的考查 情态动词have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要方面。 1. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You_come, but why didnt you? A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have 2.I was really anxious about you. You_home without a word
67、.(NMET2001,33)A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 3.Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I_so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 分析：高考对情态动词表示虚拟用法，表示与过去事实相反的情况。近几年高考，主要侧重should （not）have done
68、 这一句式上，表示本来不该做却做了或本来该做却未做的事，在复习时，还应关注其它几种虚拟形式，如need (not)have done 表示本来需要做而未做或本来不需要而做的事等等，以做到有备无患。 考点四、情态动词与助动词混合考查1.Tom ,you didnt come to the party last night? I_, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do . A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt 2.Your phone number again? I_quite catc
69、h it . Its 86184867. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant 典题链接【示例1】Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. It _ Harrys.He always wears green.A.has to beB.will beC.mustnt beD.could be【示例2】Mum，Ive been studying English since 8 oclock._ I go out and play with Tom for a while? No，Im afraid not.
70、Besides，its raining outside now.A.CantB.WouldntC.May notD.Wont【示例3】Excuse me，but I want to use your computer to type a report.You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it.A.shantB.might notC.needntD.shouldntYou shall have a copy if the book is published. 书一出来你就会得到一本。You shall get the answer ri
71、ght this afternoon. 今天下午你就可以得到答复。The enemy shall be wiped out.敌人一定会被消灭。【示例4】I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police?A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can【示例5】Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library.A.mustB.mayC.
72、canD.need答案：A【示例6】Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself.A.neednt doB.neednt have done C.mustnt doD.shouldnt have done思维升级“情态动词have过去分词 ”结构是情态动词专项考查的难点和重点，记住以下最常考查的结构：（1）must have done “过去一定做了某事”（2）cant/couldnt have done “过去不可能做了某事”（3）may/might have do
73、ne “过去可能做了某事”（4）neednt have done “过去本来没有必要做而做了某事”（5）could have done “过去本来能够做某事而没有做”（6）should/ought to have done “过去本来应该做某事而没有做”（7）shouldnt/oughtnt to have done “过去本来不应该做某事而做了”【示例7】I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere. A.must dropB.must have droppedC.must be droppingD.must have been dropped
74、情态动词考点典型陷阱题分析1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”A. shallB. willC. wouldD. canshall 用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法：(1) 用于疑问句中征求意见。如：Shall I help you? 要不要我帮帮你?Shall I open the window? 要我把窗子打开吗？(2) 用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等(可用于各类人称)。如：You shall su
75、ffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)Each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。(表规定)You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一来就可听到所有情况了。(表允诺)请做以下试题：(1) “I promise that she _ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her?”A. shouldB. mustC. wouldD. shall2. You _ pay
76、 too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.A. cannotB. shouldntC. mustntD. neednt3. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.”A. mustB. canC. needD. may4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It _ true because there was
77、little snow there.”A. may not beB. wont beC. couldnt beD. mustnt be5. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I _ so once, but I dont now.”A. may have thoughtB. can have thoughtC. may thinkD. might think请看类例：Their answers are exactly the same one of them _ from the other.A. must copyB. must have copiedC. should
78、 copyD. should have copied6. You _ be right, but I dont think you are.A. can B. could C. must D. should精编陷阱题训练1. “I thought you wouldnt mind.” “Well, as a matter of fact I dont, but you _ me first.” A. should askB. should have askedC. must askD. must have asked2. “I called you yesterday. A woman ans
79、wered, but I didnt recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _ my aunt Jean.”A. must beB. must have beenC. might beD. can have been3. That car nearly hit me; I _. A. might be killedB. might have been killedC. may be killedD. may been killed4. Its a very kind offer, but I really _ accept it. A. mustntB. needntC.
80、 cantD. dont 5. The police still havent found her, but theyre doing all they _. A. mayB. canC. mustD. will6. You _ practise the drums while the baby is sleeping. A. needntB. mightntC. mustntD. wont 7. You _ him the news; he knew it already. A. neednt tellB. neednt have toldC. mightnt tellD. mightnt
81、have told8. As shes not here, I suppose she _ home.A. must goB. must have goneC. might goD. might be going9. Are you still here? You _ home hours ago. A. should goB. should have goneC. might goD. may have gone10. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didnt recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _
82、my aunt Jean.”A. must beB. must have beenC. might beD. can have been11. I _ have met him a long time ago. Both his name and face are very familiar.A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should13. “Shall we go shopping?” “Sorry, we _ buy anything now because none of the shops are open.”A. mustntB. needntC. cantD. sh
83、ouldnt14. They often go to the restaurants for meals. They _ be very poor.A. mustntB. cantC. may notD. neednt 15. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ have spoken at the meeting.A. mustntB. shouldnt C. needntD. couldnt17. He _ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very
84、 disappointed. A. might failB. must have failedC. should failD. could have failed18. “Why didnt she come to the meeting yesterday?” “Im not so sure. She _ ill.”A. should beB. should have beenC. must beD. might have been19. Why did you just sit and watch? You _ me.A. could helpB. should helpC. could
85、have helpedD. must have helped20. “You _ your teacher for help. He is kind-hearted.” “Yes. A whole day _.”A. can ask, will wasteB. must have asked, had wastedC. could have asked, was wastedD. shouldnt have asked, would be wasted21. “Is there a flight to London this evening?” “There _ be. Ill phone t
86、he airport and find it out.”A. mustB. mightC. wouldD. can22. “Show me your permit, please.” “Oh, its not in my pocket. It _.”A. might fall outB. could fall outC. should have fallen outD. must have fallen out23. “Look at these tracks. It _ be a wolf.” “Dont be so sure. I think it _ be a fox.”A. must;
87、 couldB. may; mightC. need; mustD. could; need25. “Did Jim come?” “I dont know. He _ while I was out.”A. might have comeB. might comeC. mush have comeD. should have come 2013-2010年高考试题放送1. (2013年高考英语安徽卷) 28. I _ to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not availableA. wentB. had goneC. wou
88、ld goD. would have gone2. (2013年高考英语北京卷)34. If we _ a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue.A. have bookedB. bookedC. bookD. had booked3. (2013年高考英语福建卷)30. Do you think George has passed the driving test?No. If so, he _his car to our college yesterday.A. would driveB. drove C. would
89、have driven D. had driven 4. (2013年高考英语江苏卷) 30. I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious.A. thoughtB. would thinkC. had thoughtD. have thought5. (2013年高考英语陕西卷)12. My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would6. (2013年高考英语天津卷) 14. If he had
90、 spent more time practicing English before, he _ able to speak it much better nowA. will beB. would be C has been D. would have been 7. (2013年高考英语浙江卷) 8. Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.A. wasB. beC. wereD. is8. (2013年高考英语重庆卷) 29. It rained cats and
91、dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella. Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _.A. hadntB. haventC. didntD. dont9. (2013年高考英语陕西卷) 21. The children _ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. sh
92、ould get【拓展】情态动词表示对过去情况的推测：should have done 本应做但没做； shouldnt have done本不该做但做了； need have done本来有必要做但没做； neednt have done 本来没必要做但做了；may/might have done可能做过； must have done 肯定做过； cant/couldnt have done 不可能做过。10. (2013年高考英语新课标II) 6. Since nobody gave him any help, he _ have done the research on his own
93、.A. canB. mustC. wouldD. need11. (2013年高考英语江西卷) 29.When I was a child, I _ watch TV whenever I wanted to.A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. need12. (2013年高考英语辽宁卷) 31. Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _ too much at the party last night.A. could drinkB. should drink C. would have D. must have drunk13. (2013
94、年高考英语四川卷) 5. Why are your eyes so red? You _ have slept well last night.Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont14. (2013年高考英语天津卷) 9. No one _ be more generous; he has a heart of gold.A. couldB. mustC. dareD. need15. (2013年高考英语安徽卷) 34. It _ be the vocabulary that c
95、aused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.A. mayB. couldntC. shouldD. neednt16. (2013年高考英语北京卷) 35. - You neednt take an umbrella. It isnt going to rain.- Well, I dont know. It _ do.A. mightB. needC. wouldD. should17. (2013年高考英语湖南卷)32He _ sleep, although he tried to when h
96、e got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.Awouldnt Bshouldnt Ccouldnt Dmustnt【拓展】情态动词can 可表示能力、许可、可能性。如：（1）Some of us can use the computer now , but we couldnt ten years ago. （表能力）（2）I thought the story could not be true（表可能性）（3）Can/Could I go now? （表许可，常用于口语中）18. (2013年高考英语新课标I) 29. T
97、he door _ open, no matter how hard she pushed. A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt 19. (2013年高考英语浙江卷) 3. I _ myself more - it was a perfect day.A. shouldnt have enjoyedB. neednt have enjoyed C. wouldnt have enjoyedD. couldnt have enjoyed【拓展】cant/couldnt have done. 表否定推断，不可能做了什么事The measurem
98、ent couldnt have been wrong.测量不可能出错了。He cant have taken it home.他不可能把它带回家了。20. (2013年高考英语重庆卷) 26. What are you doing this Saturday? Im not sure, but I _ go to the Rolling Stones concertA. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might【2012江西卷】22We have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.Am
99、ay notBneedntCcantDmustnt 【29. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have hadB. had hadC. haveD. had【2012重庆卷】25.-_you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? -Sorry Sir, but its urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would【2012辽宁卷】24. One of our rul
100、es is that every student wear school uniform while at school. A. might B. could C. shall D. will【2012四川卷】19. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I _ do in China.A. must B. might C. can D. should 【2012陕西卷】17. If may car _more reliable, I would have driven to
101、 Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A. was B. had beenC. should be D. would be【2012陕西卷】23.I_ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. A. wont B. cant C. can D. will 【2012北京卷】33. We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?A. should face B. might face
102、C. could have faced D. must have faced【2012北京卷】35. Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had been【2012全国II】17. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. can B. might C. would D. need15. 【2012天津卷】 We wouldnt have called a taxi yest
103、erday if Harold _us a ride home.A. didnt offerB. wouldnt offerC. hasnt offeredD. hadnt offered8【2012天津卷】 Its quite warm here; we _turn the heating on yet.A. couldnt B. mustntC. neednt D. wouldnt【2012全国新课程】30. I use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.
104、A. couldnt B. mustntC. shouldnt D. neednt【2012山东卷】30. If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. A. havent madeB. wouldnt makeC. didnt make D. hadnt made【2012福建卷】31. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we_more places of interest yesterday.A. visitedB.
105、 had visitedC. would visit D. would have visited【2012江苏卷】35.-Happy birthday! -Thank you!Its the best present I _ for.A. should have wished B.must have wishedC.may have wished D.could have wished【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【2012江苏卷】28.Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but_say where he was.A. m
106、ustntB. shouldntC. wouldntD. mightnt【2012安徽卷】31. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. Were to live【2011全国卷,32】They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.wi
107、ll B.can C.must D.should【2011全国卷II,8】If you smoke, please go outside. A. can B. should C. must D. may【2011北京卷,24】I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not【2011北京卷,28】Where are t
108、he children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been【2011北京卷,30】Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying【2011天津卷,15】
109、I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come【2011上海春招,27】Some young people these days just _ go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustntB. wontC. mightntD. shouldnt【2011江苏卷,34】I left my handbag on the train, but l
110、uckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen【2011福建卷,25】Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the
111、meeting .A.will B.must C.may D.can【2011福建卷,34】Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A.attended B.had attended C.would sttend D.would have attended【2011安徽卷, 26】What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally, I think it will e
112、xist along with home shopping but _.A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced【2011浙江卷,11】Hows your new babysitter?We _ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldntmight可能，可以；mustnt禁止；couldnt不可能。根据句意
113、选D。【2011四川卷,20】The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they .A.can B.may C.must D.should【2011重庆卷,25】Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to ,but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.A. could B. might C. would D. should【2011陕西卷,22】I_through tha
114、t bitter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone【2011陕西卷,24】Will you read me a story ,Mummy? OK. You_have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. shall【2011湖南卷,28】No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing baske
115、tball.A. can B. need C. must D. might【2011辽宁卷,21】If you go, at least wait until the storm is over.A. can B. may C. must D. will【2011江西卷23】It _ be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock.A. mustnt B.cant C.wont D.neednt【2011江西卷28】We _Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injur
116、y.A.will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put10安徽Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strong willed manA. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been10安徽Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. wil
117、l be busy10湖南You buy a gift, but you can if you want to.A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to10湖南If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow10江西I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it?A Must B Can C May D Will10山东I_ have
118、watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt10天津Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt10天津John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.A. s
119、hould tell B. tells C. told D. had told 10四川 _ I take the book out? Im afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need10全国Just be patient .You _ expect the world to change so soon .A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. whether10江苏I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month
120、. Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_10江苏George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused10陕西May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you . You read it in he
121、re. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt10陕西If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken10全国Im afraid Mr. Harding _see you now. Hes busy.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D .neednt10辽宁Doctors say that exercise is important for h
122、ealth, but it _ be regular exercise.A. can B. will C. must D. may10北京-Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. -Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can10北京-The weather has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a dro
123、p, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died 10浙江Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .Awould have been savedBhad been saved Cwill be savedDwas saved10浙江 “You _ have a wrong number,” she sa
124、id. “Theres no one of that name here.”A. need B. can C. must D. would10上海-Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt10重庆You park here! Its an emergency exit. A. wouldntB. needntC. couldnt
125、D. mustnt 核心考点十情态动词与虚拟语气1He _ fatter but he eats too little.Awould become Bwould have become Cmust become Dmust have become2He _ if he works hard for the people.Ashall praise Bshall be praised Cwill praise Dwill be praisedThere was a lot of fun at yesterdays party.You _ come，but why didnt you?Amust
126、have Bshould Cneed have Dought to have4I was really anxious about you.You _ home without a word.Amustnt leave Bshouldnt have left Ccouldnt have left Dneednt leave5Must I go there right now?No，you _.You _ go there before supper.Amustnt；need Bneednt；may Ccant；need Dwont；can6Could I borrow your diction
127、ary?Yes，of course you _.Acould Bwill Ccan Dmight7Are you coming to Jeffs party?Im not sure.I _ go to the concert instead.Amust Bwould Cshould Dmight8Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony.Acan Bshould Cmay Dmust9My sister met him at the Grand Theatre
128、yesterday afternoon，so he _ your lecture.Acouldnt have attended Bneednt have attendedCmustnt have attended Dshouldnt have attended10He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he _ a goal.Ahad scored BscoredCwould score Dwould have scored11Oh，Im not feeling well in the stomach.I _ so
129、 much fried chicken just now.Ashouldnt eat Bmustnt have eatenCshouldnt have eaten Dmustnt eaten12A leftluggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time，especially at a railway station.Ashould Bcan Cmust Dwill13Keep up good state of mind even if you _ fail plenty of times.Amust Bwill C
130、can Dshould14Its the office！So you _ know eating is not allowed here.Oh，sorry.Amust Bwill Cmay Dneed15But for the help of my English teacher，I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.Awould not win Bwould not have wonCwould win Dwould have won16There _ be any difficulty about passing th
131、e road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.Amustnt Bshant Cshouldnt Dneednt17Is John coming by train.He should，but he _ not.He likes driving his car.Amust Bcan Cneed Dmay18It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melin
132、da Cox Library in my hometown.Awouldnt have fallen Bhad not fallen Cshould fall Dwere to fall19You cant imagine that a wellbehaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady.Amight Bneed Cshould Dwould20What would have happened _，as far as up to the river bank.ABob had walked farther Bif Bob should walk fartherChad Bob walked farther Dif Bob walked farther
