1、Module 5Great People and GreatInventions of Ancient ChinaGrammar限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句的特点。【语境领悟】*This is the only book that can be lent to you.这是唯一一本能借给你的书。*The old man who/whom/that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.昨天我们拜访的那位老人是一位著名的画家。*Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.你提到的这样的人现在很少了。*I
2、s this the factory where he worked ten years ago?这就是他十年前工作的工厂吗?*There was a time when I liked to play computer games.有一个时期我喜欢玩电脑游戏。【知识归纳】(1)限制性定语从句为先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句,若去掉,被修饰的主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,不可用逗号分开。(2)定语从句由关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as和关系副词where,when,why等引导。(3)关系代词who,whom,which,that
3、,as在从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语。有时which,that也作定语。whose在从句中作定语。关系副词在从句中作状语。2.that和which的用法。【语境领悟】*There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.在山上能看到羊和人。*I live in the room of which the windows face south.我住在窗子朝南的那个房间。*Please find a room which/that is big enough for all of us to live in.请找一间足够住下我们所有人的房间。(
4、此处先行词是a room,引导词which/that在从句中作主语,不能省略)*The desks(which/that)we made last year were very good.我们去年制作的桌子很好。【知识归纳】(1)that既可指人又可指物,which指物;它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,which和that在从句中作宾语时可省略。(2)如果指物的关系代词直接放在介词之后,只能用which,且不能省略。【深化点拨】只能用that,而不能用which的情况:(1)当 先 行 词 是 all,(a)little,(a)few,much,none,anything,something,
5、everything,nothing等词时。*All that can be done has been done.能做的都已经做完了。(2)当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。*This is the first two-storey bus that runs in our city.这是第一辆运行于我们城市的双层公交车。(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰,以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时。*Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.桂林是我见过的最美丽的城市。(4)当先行词被the only
6、,the very等修饰时。*He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.他就是那个把女孩从水中救出来的人。(5)当先行词中既有人又有物时,关系代词用that。*Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain?你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗?3.who,whom和whose的用法。【语境领悟】*Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of ha
7、ving heart disease than those who dont.每天喝两杯以上咖啡的妇女患心脏病的可能性比不喝咖啡的妇女高。*The old man(who/whom)they are waiting for is Professor Li.他们正在等候的那位老人是李教授。*The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.他们正在谈论的那个女孩是我们的班长。*This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位全国知名的科学家。*Pleas
8、e pass me the book whose cover is green.请递给我那本绿色封面的书。【知识归纳】(1)who和whom指人,who在从句中可作主语和宾语,whom在从句中作宾语。(2)如果指人的关系代词直接放在介词之后,只能用whom,且不能省略。(3)先行词为one,ones,anyone,those指人时,且从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时,只能用who。(4)whose既可指人又可指物,在从句中修饰名词作定语。它可转化为“the+名词+of which/whom”或“of which/whom+the+名词”的形式。4.as的用法。【语境领悟】*He knows as
9、many people as are present at the meeting.他认识参加会议的很多人。*Such students as you talk about are common nowadays.你们谈论的这样的学生现在很常见。*I live in the same building as he(does).我和他住在同一座大楼里。【知识归纳】(1)as作关系代词时,表示“正如,像”。(2)先行词前有such,the same,as时,关系代词用as。5.关系副词when,where,why的用法。*I can never forget the day when I firs
10、t saw you.我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的那天。(when=on which)*This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago.这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。(where=in which)*You are in a position now where a mistake could make you in danger.你现在处于一点错误都可能使你有危险的位置。*The reason why he was angry was that he was cheated.他生气的原因是他被骗了。(why=for which)【知识归
11、纳】(1)when指时间,在从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常是time,day,morning,night,week,year等表时间的词。(2)where指地点,在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常是place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等表示地点的名词及一些抽象意义的名词,如point,stage,case,position,condition,situation。(3)why指原因或理由,它的先行词只有reason。(4)关系副词可以根据具体情况换成“介词+关系代词”。(2013北京高考)Many countries are now s
12、etting up national parks_animals and plants can be protected.A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where解题分析:【活用】1.(2014重庆高考)Well reach the sales targets in a month_we set at the beginning of the year.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:我们一个月内就可以达到年初设定的销售目标了。根据句子结构和句意可知,用定语从句,先行词为the sales targets,在从句中作动词set
13、的宾语,引导词可用that/which或省略。2.(2014山 东 高 考)A company_profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.A.which B.whoseC.who D.why【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:来自国内市场的利润在下降的公司可以寻求国外机会。定语从句中缺少引导词且修饰名词profits,关系代词whose修饰从句中的名词profits且引导定语从句修饰先行词a company,故选B。【易错误区】(1)误导原因:在定语从句中,先行词为物,若从句中需要引导词且从句中缺少
14、主语时,在四个选项中易误选which。(2)去伪存真:此题中缺少定语从句的引导词,且修饰名词profits,故需要能够修饰名词的关系代词,而关系代词whose既可指人也可指物,引导从句且修饰从句中的名词profits,故选B。3.(2013四 川 高 考)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment_they live.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意:目前人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。A项可引导名词性从句;B项可引导定语从句,在从句中可作主语、宾语;C项可引导定语从句,在句
15、中作时间状语;D项可引导定语从句,在句中作地点状语。从句中的live为不及物动词,先行词the environment在定语从句中作地点状语,故选D项。4.(2013江西高考)He wrote a letter_he explained what had happened in the accident.A.what B.whichC.whereD.how【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意:他写了一封信,在信中,他解释了事故中发生的事情。在此句中,letter是先行词,where=in which引导后面的定语从句,在从句中作状语,故选C。5.(2013新课标全国卷)When I arrived
16、,Bryan took me to see the house_I would be staying.A.what B.whenC.whereD.which【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意:我一到达,布赖恩就带我去看我要住的房子。根据句意和句子结构可知,_I would be staying是定语从句,修饰house。定语从句中缺少地点状语,所以此处填关系副词where或in which。【补偿训练】1.(2013浙江高考)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_visitors
17、can watch the big glasshouses being built.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:博物馆将于春天开放,届时将有一个展览,还将有一个看台,在看台上游客可以看到正在建设中的大玻璃房子。该空引导定语从句,先行词为platform,该空在从句中作地点状语,只能用where。故选B。2.(2013湖 南 高 考)Happiness and success often come to those_are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whom B.who C.what
18、D.which【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:幸福与成功通常降临于那些擅长于认识到自己的长处的人。who在句中引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,符合题目结构。whom引导定语从句也修饰人,但是在从句中作宾语或用于介词+whom结构中。3.(2012浙江高考)We live in an age_more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A.why B.whenC.to whom D.on which【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:我们生活在一个能比以往更容易获得更多信息的时代。age是先行词,意为“时代”,
19、且在从句中作状语,故用关系副词when。4.(2012重 庆 高 考)Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.A.which B.that C.when D.where【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意:销售总监是一个交际能力和销售能力同等重要的职位。被修饰的词position是先行词,它是一个抽象的地点状语,应用where引导。which和that在定语从句中作主语或宾语;when在定语从句中作时间状语。故选D。5.(2011上 海 高 考)Youll f
20、ind taxis waiting at the bus station_you can hire to reach your host family.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as【解析】选A。考查定语从句和引导词。句意:你将发现有出租车在汽车站等着,你可以租用出租车到达主人家。分析句子结构可知定语从句的先行词是taxis,taxis在定语从句中作hire的宾语,故用引导词which,故选A。6.(2011全国卷)The prize will go to the writer_storyshows the most imagination.A.that B.which C.
21、whose D.what【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意:这个奖项会给作品最富有 想 象 的 那 位 作 家。此 处 whose story shows the most imagination是限制性定语从句修饰前面的the writer。因为定语从句中需要定语修饰story,故选C。7.(2011山东高考)The old town has narrow streets and small houses_are built close to each other.A.they B.where C.what D.that【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意:这座古镇有狭窄的街道和比邻而建的小房子。
22、that引导定语从句,修饰small houses,此处的that也可换成which。where在定语从句中充当状语;what不能引导从句。they不能用作定语从句的引导词。8.(2011天津高考)The days are gone_physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A.when B.that C.where D.which【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:体力是你生存所需的日子一去不复返了。days为先行词,后面的定语从句中缺少时间状语on the days,故用关系副词when来替换。that和which是关系代词,
23、在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,where是关系副词,表地点。所以选A。9.(2011福建高考)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students_allows them to communicate freely with each other.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:她有一种天赋可以为学生创造一种允许他们自由地彼此交流的氛围。所填之处应为定语从句的关系词,因先行词是an atmosphere且从句缺少主语,故选A。.用恰当的关系词填空1.That tree _ leav
24、es are red is beautiful.2.I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.3.Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were seen by the student last night.4.The girl _ is singing an English song in the next room is Toms sister.whoseasthatwho/that5.He has lost the key to the room _ the papers are k
25、ept.6.There was a time _ the boy often quarreled with his parents.7.The reason _ he couldnt attend the football match was that his left foot was hurt.wherewhenwhy.用定语从句完成句子1.那就是你支持这个计划的原因吗?Is that the reason _?2.将军参观了他过去战斗的村子。The general visited the village _.3.他出生在第二次世界大战爆发的那一年。He was born in the y
26、ear _.why you are for the planwhere he used to fightwhen the Second World War broke out4.我弟弟买的那本杂志很好。The magazine _was very good.5.这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the best film _.6.有一些水的那个瓶子是我的。The bottle _is mine.7.被我母亲照顾的那个婴儿三个月大。The baby _by my mother is three months old.(that/which)my brother bought(that)I have seenin which there is some waterwho/that is taken care of
