1、第9讲 定语从句深化认知一、关系代词引导的定语从句1who,whom,whose 引导的定语从句(1)who 和 whom 指人，who 在定语从句中作主语；whom 在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用 who 代替whom。Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.有些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。I have many friends to whom Im going to send post-cards.我打算给很多朋友寄贺卡。(2)w
2、hose 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用 of which 代替。Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。2that,which 引导的定语从句(1)that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。指物时其用法和 which大致相同，但也有区别。(2)which 指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外，which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全
3、部内容。The boy was away from home for a week,whichworried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。(3)定语从句中只用 that 不用 which 的情况：先 行 词 是 all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few 等不定代词时；Is there anything(that)I can do for you?有什么我可以为你做的事吗？先行词被 all,any,every,no,little,much,some 等词修饰时；Al
4、l the people that come from the country work much harder.所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时；The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。先行词被 the only,the very(正是，恰是),the last 修饰时；This is the very book that you are looking for.这正是你在找的那本书。先行词中既有人也有物时
5、；He talked about the people and the place thathe had visited in that country.他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。在 which 或 who 的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句时。Who is the woman that is standing against the wall?靠墙站着的那个女人是谁？(4)定语从句中只用 which 的情况：在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时；The chair on which he sat is made of wood.他坐的那把椅子是用木头做的。引导非限制性
6、定语从句时；Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.足球是一项非常有趣的运动，全世界都在踢足球。当先行词是 that/those 时；Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么？有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用 that，另一个宜用 which；Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open t
7、o us.给你看一下我从新开放的图书馆里借的那本小说。which 用作定语时。He may be late,in which case we ought to wait for him.他也许会迟到，那样的话，我们应该等他。二、关系副词引导的定语从句1关系副词 when,where,why 的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用“介词which”结构替换。(2014江苏高考单选)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work where a go
8、od impression is a must.在日常交流中这本书对我帮助很大，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。(2014浙江高考单选)I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade,when I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.直到五年级我才成为一个热衷攀爬的人，在那时我登高去拿下一个卡在树枝上的风筝。The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他
9、的原因是他常常撒谎。2当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。Is this the reason(that)he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？3当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point,situation,case,stage 等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词 where 引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词 that/which。They have reached the point where they have to sep
10、arate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。三、“介词关系词”引导的定语从句1若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用 whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose 也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。I wish to thank Professor Smith,without whosehelp I would never have got this far.我希望感谢史密
11、斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。2该结构中介词的选用(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；句子的意思。(2)表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用 of。常见结构：在 some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each 等代词或数词的前、后可以用 of which/whom。the比较级或最高级前、后用 of which/whom 等。(3)有时“介词where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。His head
12、 soon appeared out of the window,from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where 相当于 from out of the window，而不是 from the window)四、as,which 引导的定语从句1as 作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as 引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。As everybody knows,Shakespeare is a famous writer.众所周知，莎士比亚是一位著名的作家。2as 常用
13、在下列习惯用语中：as(it)often happens,as I remember,as is often the case,as is expected,as is known to us,as is shown 等。As is expected,she married again.正如预料的那样，她再婚了。3which 引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。(2013安徽高考单选)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,which made one of the Chinese peoples long-
14、held dreams come true.2012 年莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。4“such/so.that.”表示“如此以致”，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so.as.”表示“像这样”，用来引导定语从句，as 在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.(定语从句)Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an exam
15、ination problem that none of us worked it out.(结果状语从句)上学期数学老师考试出了一道很难的数学题，没有一个人能解出来。5“the same.that.”表同一个人或物，而“the same.as.”表同种类的东西。I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那件工具。五、特殊定语从句1分隔式定语从句 分隔式定语从句是指
16、先行词与关系代(副)词分隔。Great changes around us take place before our eyes every day to which we pay little attention.(先行词 great changes 与定语从句 to which we pay little attention 分隔)我们很少关注眼前在我们周边每天发生的巨大变化。2插入式定语从句插入式定语从句是指关系代词与从句之间有插入语。We must believe in ourselves,which,in my opinion,is the most important in our
17、 life.(关系代词 which 与从句其他成分之间有插入语 in my opinion)我们必须要相信自己，在我看来，这是我们生活中最重要的。典题在线.单句语法填空1(2015全国卷 I 语法填空)Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.2(2015广东高考语法填空)When harves
18、t came around,he was already selling herbs,vegetables and cotton in the marketpeople from the town met regularly.that/whichwhere3(2015福建高考单选)China Today attracts a worldwide readership,shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.4(2015四川高考单选)The books on the desk,cov
19、ers are shiny,are prizes for us.5(2015陕西高考单选)As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.whichwhosewhen6(2014陕西高考单选)Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.7(2015安徽高考单选)Some experts think reading
20、 is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.8 (2015 江 苏 高 考 单 选)The number of smokers,is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.thatwhichas9(2014全国卷语法填空)Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy.10(2014四川高考单选)Until now,we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor chil
21、dren,is quite unexpected.11(2014重庆高考单选)Well reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.12(2013湖南高考单选)Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.that/whichwhichwhichwho13(2012湖南高考单选)Care of the soul is a gradual process even the s
22、mall details of life should be considered.14(2012浙江高考单选)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,for some reason,had withdrawn from all human society.in whichwho.单句改错1(2016广西高三联考)We all like our English teacher,from him we have learned a lot.2Between the lectures is 20 minutes break,where the stud
23、ents can get relaxed.3Her performances on the stage were perfect,that made a lot of people admire her.himwhomwherewhenthatwhich4(2016河北名校质量检测)Playing basketball is a sport that working as a team matters more.5There are three people in my family and Im the only one child,who is very common in Chinese
24、 families.6Travelling abroad,you should follow the customs of the country where you are visiting.thatwherewhowhich去掉 where 或 wherewhich/that7I will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in the guitar store.8The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop,which the
25、y plan to stay for three days.thatwhichwhichwhere 或 which 前加 in对点集训即时巩固提升知能.单句语法填空1There were a lot of students in the reading room,most of bent their heads down over their books.2Nowadays,it is common to see people staring at their mobile phones instead of reading a real book,about many experts are
26、 worried.3(2016昆明高三联合考试)There are few things we can do on the Web without using any product of Microsoft.whomwhichthat4 is widely accepted,in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses,but this is not a polite way of greeting in other cultures.5(2016大同质量检测)The city was attacked by such
27、 terrible weather few citizens had ever experienced before.6A story I read two years ago,name I cant remember clearly,changed my idea about education.7The scenic spot can attract 10，000 tourists every year,up to half are foreigners.Asaswhoseof whom8(2016郑州模拟)The School Art Festival has set up a stag
28、e students can show their talents.9In a sports team each player has a clear role,and there are few occasions members are confused or uncertain of their roles.10I dont know the reason you lied to your parents,but youd better explain.wherewhenwhy.单句改错1He is the man which I saw yesterday.2(2016东北三校联考)T
29、he students and things which you spoke of are known to us.3I will never forget the day when I spent in the countryside.4This is the village where he was born in.whichwhomwhichthatwhenthat/whichwherewhich/that 或去掉 in5The reason that he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
30、6(2016兰州模拟)This novel,which I have read it three times,is very touching.7The school with which he once studied is very famous.8This is the most interesting book which I have ever read.第一个 thatwhy去掉 itwithinwhichthat9Is that factory your father once worked in？10(2016贵阳模拟)Einstein is such a great scie
31、ntist that we must learn from.factory 后加 the one 或 factory 前加 thethatas.语法填空(2016昆明诊断性检测)Do you know the man1.wrote this book？He was Jason,one of the engineers 2.came from Russia in the 1950s.He worked in the same factory 3.my father once worked.When he came to China,the first thing 4.he did was to
32、visit the factory 5.did research on trolleybuses and found out the reason 6.China was so backward in it.Then he spent every minute 7.he could spare in helping China develop transportation.8.is mentioned above,Jason was a foreigner 9.made great contributions to our country and was a kind man to 10.we should say thanks.who/thatwho/thatwherethatwhich/thatwhythatwho/that Aswhom
