1、江苏省2022届准高三英语 完形+阅读 暑假限时训练9I. 完形One day in 11th grade, I went into a classroom to wait for a friend. When I went into the room, the teacher, Mr Washington, asked me to go to the board to_1_something out. I told him I was not one of his students.He said, “It doesnt matter. Go to the board.”I was emba
2、rrassed. I said, “I cant do it. I have learning_2_.”He looked at me and said, “Dont ever say that again. Someones opinion of you does not have to become your_3_.”It was a(n)_4_moment for me. On one hand, I was_5_because the other students laughed at me. They knew that I was in Special Education. But
3、 on the other, I felt liberated. Mr Washington had showed me I did not have to live by another persons_6_of me.I was _7_as having learning difficulties in the fifth grade and put back into the fourth grade. I had _8_ all my life. But Mr Washington _9_ this.One day, he gave a speech to the school. “Y
4、ou have greatness within you. You have something_10_. If you can see for one moment a larger vision of yourself, of who you really are, then in a historical context, the world will_11_be the same again.”Afterwards, I caught up to him and said, “Mr Washington, is there greatness within me?”He said, “
5、Yes, Mr Brown.”“But I failed English and math and history. Im_12_than most kids.”“That just means that you have to work harder. Your grades dont _13_who you are or what you can_14_in your life.”Mr Washington became my teacher. Normally, special education students dont_15_Speech and Drama, but they m
6、ade_16_for me to be with him. I began to do well_17_. For the first time in my life I made the honor roll; I wanted to take part in a trip with the drama department and you had to be on the honor roll for it. That was a_18_ for me!Mr Washington_19_my picture of who I am. He gave me a larger vision o
7、f myself, _20_my learning difficulties.1. A. read B. work C. count D. pick2. A. worries B. pressure C. difficulties D. shortcomings3. A. routine B. challenge C. manner D. reality4. A. liberating B. peaceful C. interesting D. challenging5. A. scared B. disappointedC. embarrassed D. shocked6. A. idea
8、B. view C. expectation D. suggestion7. A. identified B. treated C. classified D. named8. A. fought B. worked C. recovered D. failed9. A. prevented B. changed C. ignored D. recognized10. A. natural B. common C. special D. pleasant11. A. ever B. never C. simply D. almost12. A. funnier B. smarter C. ha
9、rder D. slower13. A. determine B. guarantee C. express D. admit14. A. handle B. contributeC. achieve D. invent15. A. take B. bringC. perform D. like16. A. settlements B. interviewsC. agreements D. arrangements17. A. differently B. particularlyC. academically D. mentally18. A. luck B. miracle C. powe
10、r D. relief19. A. produced B. displayed C. examined D. rebuilt20. A. without B. with C. beyond D. byII. 阅读(A) Decision-making under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and
11、 ignore the possible negative consequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”For example, t
12、wo recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep t
13、heir hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoki
14、ng a cigarette while under stress at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.
15、The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to tak
16、e more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also
17、 help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.21. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _.A. keep rewards better in their memoryB. recall consequences more effor
18、tlesslyC. make risky decisions more frequentlyD. learn a subject more effectively22. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their _.A. ways of making choices B. preference for pleasureC. tolerance of punishments D. responses to suggestions23. The research has proved that i
19、n a stressful situation, _.A. women find it easier to fall into certain habitsB. men have a greater tendency to slow downC. women focus more on outcomesD. men are more likely to take risks(B)How is it that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up
20、in a different family. The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing
21、and growing up too. One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father.Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. But more recently, researche
22、rs have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each others lives. Dr Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children arent getting the same one-on-one time with parents.
23、But that doesnt mean that the younger children have problems with language development. Later-borns dont enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the d
24、ifference between “I” and “me”.A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Love-hate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the
25、other sibling pairs.One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. G
26、irls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2022 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the
27、amount of warmth they gained from their parents.24. The underlined part “in a different family” (in Para. 1) means “_”.A. in a different family environment B. in a different family traditionC. in different family crises D. in different families25. In terms of language development, later-borns _.A. g
28、et their parents individual guidanceB. learn a lot from their elder siblingsC. experience a lot of difficulties D. pick up words more quickly26. What was found about fights among siblings?A. Siblings hated fighting and loved playing.B. Siblings in some families fought frequently.C. Sibling fights le
29、d to bad sibling relationships.D. Siblings learned to get on together from fights.27. The word “feminine” (in Para. 4) means “_”.A. having qualities of parents B. having qualities of womenC. having defensive qualities D. having extraordinary qualities (C) Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrig
30、an sees an epidemic sweeping across Americas farmland. It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel prices and crop-eating insects. The countrys farmers are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. National agricultural census (普查)
31、figures show that the fastest-growing group of farmers is the part over 65. Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2022 statistics are completed.Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to
32、think about careers in agriculture. Aside from trying to stop the graying of Americas farmers, her work is made tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No. 1 on a list of “useless” college degrees. Top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting, and it has the atten
33、tion of agricultural organizations across the country.“There couldnt be anything thats more incorrect,” Merrigan said. “We know that there arent enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture.”In addition, a growing world population that some experts predict w
34、ill require 70% more food production by 2050, she said.“I truly believe were at a golden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an all-time record high, and global supplies are at all-time record lows,” said Matt Rush, director of the Texas Farm Bureau. “Production costs are going to be valuable en
35、ough that younger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture.”The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. The National Young Farmers Coalition has also been pushing for state and federal pol
36、icy changes to make it easier for new farmers.Ryan Best, president of Future Farmers of America, has been living out of a suitcase, traveling the country and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture. The 21-year-old Best hopes his message that this is a new time in agriculture
37、 will motivate the next generation to turn around the statistics. “Never before have we had the innovations in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been,” he said. “Theres really a place for everybody to fit in.”28. What is the new challenge t
38、o American agriculture?A. Fewer and older farmers.B. Higher fuel prices.C. More natural disasters.D. Lower agricultural output.29. Why is Merrigan visiting universities across the country?A. To draw federal agriculture officials attention.B. To select qualified agriculture graduates.C. To clarify a
39、recent blog posting.D. To talk more students into farming careers.30. According to Matt Rush, American agriculture will provide opportunities for younger people because _.A. the government will cover production costsB. global food supplies will be even lowerC. investment in agriculture will be profi
40、tableD. America will increase its food export31. What do the underlined words “to turn around the statistics” in the last paragraph mean?A. To re-analyze the result of the national census.B. To increase agricultural production.C. To bring down the average age of farmers.D. To invest more in agricult
41、ure. (D)Tom appeared on the sidewalk with a bucket of whitewash and a long-handled brush. He stopped by the fence in front of the house where he lived with his aunt Polly. He looked at it, and all joy left him. The fence was long and high. He put the brush into the whitewash and moved it along the t
42、op of the fence. He repeated the operation. He felt he could not continue and sat down.He knew that his friends would arrive soon with all kinds of interesting plans for the day. They would walk past him and laugh. They would make jokes about his having to work on a beautiful summer Saturday. The th
43、ought burned him like fire.He put his hand into his pockets and took out all that he owned. Perhaps he could find some way to pay someone to do the whitewashing for him. But there was nothing of value in his pockets -nothing that could buy even half an hour of freedom. So he put the bits of toys bac
44、k into his pockets and gave up the idea.At this dark and hopeless moment, a wonderful idea came to him. It filled his mind with a great, bright light. Calmly he picked up the brush and started again to whitewash.While Tom was working, Ben Rogers appeared. Ben was eating an apple as he walked along t
45、he street. As he walked along, he was making noises like the sound of a riverboat. First he shouted loudly, like a boat captain. Then he said Ding-Dong-Dong, Ding-Dong-Dong again and again, like the bell of a riverboat. And he made other strange noises. When he came close to Tom, he stopped.Tom went
46、 on whitewashing. He did not look at Ben. Ben stared a moment and then said: Hello! Im going swimming, but you cant go, can you?No answer. Tom moved his brush carefully along the fence and looked at the result with the eye of an artist. Ben came nearer. Toms mouth watered for the apple, but he kept
47、on working.Ben said, Hello, old fellow, youve got to work, hey?Tom turned suddenly and said, Why, its you, Ben! I wasnt noticing.Say -Im going swimming. Dont you wish you could? But of course youd rather work - wouldnt you? Of course you would.Tom looked at the boy a bit, and said What do you call w
48、ork?Why, isnt that work?Tom went back to his whitewashing, and answered carelessly.Well, maybe it is, and maybe it isnt. All I know is, it suits Tom Sawyer.Oh come, now, you dont mean to say that you like it?The brush continued to move.Like it? Well, I dont see why I shouldnt like it. Does a boy get
49、 a chance to whitewash a fence every day?Ben stopped eating his apple. Tom moved his brush back and forth, stepped back to look at the result, added a touch here and there, and stepped back again. Ben watched every move and got more and more interested. Soon he said,Say, Tom, let me whitewash a litt
50、le.Tom thought for a moment, was about to agree; but he changed his mind.No -no -it wont do, Ben. You see, Aunt Polly wants this fence to be perfect. It has got to be done very carefully. I dont think there is one boy in a thousand, maybe two thousand, that can do it well enough.No -is that so? Oh c
51、ome, now -let me just try. Only just a little.Ben, Id like to, but if it isnt done right, Im afraid Aunt Polly . Oh, Ill be careful. Now let me try. Say -Ill give you the core（核心）of my apple.Well, here -No, Ben, now dont. Im afraid .Ill give you all of it.Tom gave up the brush with unwillingness on
52、his face, but joy in his heart. And while Ben worked at the fence in the hot sun, Tom sat under a tree, eating the apple, and planning how to get more help. There were enough boys. Each one came to laugh, but remained to whitewash. By the time Ben was tired, Tom sold the next chance to Billy for a k
53、ite; and when Billy was tired, Johnny bought in for a dead rat -and so on, hour after hour. And when the middle of the afternoon came, Tom had won many treasures.And he had not worked. He had had a nice idle time all the time, with plenty of company and the fence had been whitewashed three times. If
54、 he hadnt run out of whitewash, Tom would have owned everything belonging to his friends.He had discovered a great law of human action, namely, that in order to make a man or a boy want a thing, it is only necessary to make the thing difficult to get.32. Why did Tom take all his bits of toys out of
55、his pockets? A. Because he is tired and wanted to play with his toys. B. Because he wanted to throw his toys away. C. Because he wanted to give his toys to his friends. D. Because he wanted to know if he could buy help with his toys.33. Tom was about to agree to let Ben whitewash when he changed his
56、 mind because _. A. Tom wanted to do the whitewashing by himself B. Tom planned to make Ben give up his apple first C. Tom was unwilling to let Ben do the whitewashing D. Tom was afraid Ben would do the whitewashing better.34. We can learn from the passage that _ .A. Tom was interested in whitewashi
57、ng the fence.B. Tom had a lot of friends who are ready to help others.C. Tom was unwilling to whitewash the fence, but he managed to let other boys do it for himD. Tom was good at whitewashing the fence, so he looked at the result of his work with the eye of an artist.35 Which of the following is th
58、e most suitable title for this passage?A. The Happy Whitewasher B. Tom And His FellowsC. Whitewashing A Fence D. How To Make The Things Difficult To GetKeys: 1-5 BCDAC 6-10 BADBC 11-15 BDACA 16-20 DCBDC1. B。由下文的“I have learning 2 .”可知该老师让作者做的是与学习相关的事情，read out读出来；work out 计算出，解决；count out 数出来；pick o
59、ut 挑选出。C、D明显不行，读东西不必到黑板前，所以答案为B。2. C。由下文的“They knew that I was in Special Education.”以及“I was 7 as having learning difficulties”可知，作者有学习困难。3. D。Routine 常规，日常事务；challenge 挑战；manner 方式，举止；reality 现实。下文提到了华盛顿先生认为暂时的落后只是说明你还不够努力，加倍努力就能改变现状，所以可推知D为最佳选项。句意为：别人对你的看法没必要变成你的现实。4. A。下文虽然描述了作者当时的两种感觉：尴尬的与感到心灵得
60、到了解放的（liberating ），但后面这种感觉明显占上风，故选A。5. C。被人嘲笑作者当然是感到尴尬了。6. B。这里对应上文的“Someones opinion of you does not have to become your 3 .” view与opinion是同义词。7. A。be identified as 被确认为；be treated as 被当作对待；be classified as 被分类为；be named as 被命名为。8. D。由上文作者提到的留级以及下文的“But I failed English and math and history. Im 12
61、than most kids.”可知作者总是失败，并因此而非常不自信，所以答案为D。9. B。从下文可知华盛顿帮助作者扭转了总是失败的情况。10. C。华盛顿先生认为每个人都是有伟大的潜力的，而且每个人都有_的东西。natural 自然的，天生的；common 普通的；special 与众不同的；pleasant 令人愉快的。根据语境可知C为最佳选项。11. B。句意为：如果你能在一段时间里对你自己以及你到底是一个什么样的人有着更大的憧憬，那么在历史发展的进程中，这个世界就将因你而不一样。12. D。结合上文作者有学习困难可知，作者比起正常孩子学东西应该会慢一些，故选D。如果填harder，作
62、者比其他孩子已经更努力了，那么老师下文应该就不会说他应该更努力，所以harder不对。13. A。老师告诉作者成绩不能_你是一个什么样的人，也不能_你在你的人生中将能_什么。determine 决定，确定；guarantee 保证；express 表达；admit 承认。根据句意可知A为最佳选项。14. C。handle 处理；contribute 贡献；achieve 获得，实现；invent 发明，根据句意可知答案为C。15. A。根据语境可知这里表示上演讲与戏剧课。16. D。make arrangements 表示“做安排”；make settlements 安定，定居；make in
63、terviews 面试；make agreements 达成协议。17. C。由下文可知，作者只有成为优等生（to be on the honor roll）方可参加戏剧系的旅行，作者对这一活动的渴望激励着他努力学习，故选C。academically 学业上；particularly 尤其；mentally 精神上。18. B。对于一个有学习困难的孩子能够在学业成绩优异，这真是_。Luck 运气；miracle 神奇；power力量；relief 宽慰。不难看出B为最佳选项。19. D。由上下文可知作者以前不自信，也屡屡失败，但是华盛顿先生帮助作者重新认识自己，树立信心并取得成功。由下文的“H
64、e gave me a larger vision of myself”以及空格后的宾语my picture可知rebuilt为最佳选项。20. C。作者是在克服自己的学习困难的障碍后取得成功的，所以这里要选beyond（越过，超过）。21.A。本题考查细节判断的能力。根据文章第三段的第二句话“People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”以及第四段最后一句话“the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accur
65、ately”，因此选择A项。22. A。本题考查细节判断的能力。根据文章第二段“The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.”，因此选择A项。 23. D。 本题考查细节判断的能力。根据文章第七段第一句话 “Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks”, 所以选择D项。24. A。词义猜测题。根据第一段第三句中的“ different experie
66、nce”以及第一段最后一句中“ might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother and angry father.”可知，该短语意为“生活在不同的家庭环境中”，故A项正确。25.B。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话中“Later-borns dont enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they har
67、vest lessons from bigger brothers and sister”可知后出生者更倾向于向兄弟姐妹学习，故B项正确。26.D。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.”可知，即使兄弟姐妹间争吵不断，他们也在此中学习相处之道，故D项正确。27.B。词义猜测题。根据语境可知，有兄弟的女孩比有姐妹的女孩更具有女性品质特征，故B项正确。28. A。本题考查美国农业面临的问题。第
68、一段第二句话“It has little to do with the usual challenges” 中little表达否定含义，所以之后的“The countrys farmers are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place.”才最重要。所以应该选A。29. D。本题考查Merrigan拜访各地大学的原因，其实这正是为解决问题作出的努力之一。第二段第一句的后半部分“in hopes of encouraging more students to think abou
69、t careers in agriculture”中的in hope of表达“希望”所以目的是鼓励更多的学生考虑农业方面的职业，故选D。30. C。本题考查为什么Matt Rush认为美国农业能给年轻人提供机会。查读Matt Rush，找到原文：“I truly believe were at a golden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an all-time record high, and global supplies are at all-time record lows,” 说明他觉得国际上农业的供给与需求之间有如此大的差距充分
70、说明是投入的大好机会（黄金时代）。虽然下面一句Production costs are going to be valuable enough.不太好理解，但是可以肯定和上一句意思一致。可译为：农业生产成本使生产有足够的利益。据此，只有C项（在农业上的投资会利润丰厚）符合此义。31. C。本题考查难词在文章中的意思。这个词组一定要考虑上下文的联系。Turn around指“扭转”；statistics是“数据”。那么这个数据指的是文中的哪方面数据呢？注意Ryan Best 希望通过和高中学生交流让他们考虑农业方面的职业。那如果中学生们能成为农业大军的一分子，明显文章开始提出的问题就会改变，那样的话农民数量增加，平均年龄也会降低，故选C。A错在re-analyze（重新分析），明显不是希望中学生重新分析数据。文章提到的最主要的问题不是增加农业的生产或者投资，所以排除B和D两项。注意近几年高考中考难词也都是和文章中心挂钩的。32-35: DBCA9
