1、第一讲代词语法规则再现一、指示代词指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，表示“这个/些”“那个/些”。常用的指示代词有this，that，these，those。1this/these指代下文要提到的事，that/those指代上文提到过的事。如：Please remember this：Where there is a will，there is a way.请记住：有志者，事竟成。He was busy.That was why he didnt go to the cinema with us.他很忙。那就是他没有和我们一起去看电影的原因。2打电话时用this介绍自己，用that介绍对
2、方。如：This is Mary speaking.Whos that?我是玛丽。你是谁？二、it，one/ones，that/those作替代词时的区别1it特指上文提到的同一对象，是同一事物。如：I have a new schoolbag.Its very nice.我有一个新书包。它很漂亮。2one泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个(表示几个时用ones)，同类而不同物。如：I have lost my umbrella.I think I must buy one.我的伞丢了。我想我必须买一把。3that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词，以避免重复；若代替前面提到
3、的可数名词复数，则用those。如：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.冬天，北京的天气比广州的天气冷。注意：代词it的其他特殊用法：1指代婴儿或不明身份的人。如：Someone is knocking at the door.Can you guess who it is?有人在敲门。你能猜到是谁吗？2指代时间、天气、季节、距离等。如：Its raining heavily.雨下得正大。How far is it from your home to school?你家离学校有多远？3用作形式主语或
4、形式宾语，指代抽象的事物。如：Its important to learn English well.学好英语是非常重要的。4用于强调句型。如： It was at 8：00 yesterday that I went to school.昨天我去学校的时候八点了。三、常用不定代词辨析1few/a few与little/a little词汇用法例句few很少；没有几个表示否定含义，指代或修饰复数名词Very few of his books are worth reading.他的书很少有值得读的。a few有些；一些表示肯定含义，指代或修饰复数名词I recognized a few of
5、the other people.我认出了一些其他的人。little不多表示否定含义，指代或修饰不可数名词She said little or nothing about her experiences.她对自己的经历几乎只字不提。a little 少量；一些表示肯定含义，指代或修饰不可数名词I have only read a little of the book so far.到目前为止，这本书我才读了一部分。2.both，neither，either，all与any这些词都可用作代词、限定词或副词(除both不用作副词外)词汇用法常用短语例句both(两者)都both.and.和(两者)
6、都Both the boys are clever.两个男孩都很聪明。neither(两者)都不neither.nor.既不也不Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。either(两者中的任意一个)either.or.或者或者；要么要么There areflowers on either side of the street.街道两边都有花。all(三者以上)所有的，全部的人或物all of.(三者以上)都All the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了。any(三者以上)任何一个any othern.(名词单数/复数)Shang
7、hai is larger than any other city in China.上海比中国任何一个其他的城市都要大。3.none与no one词汇用法例句nonenone既可指人也可指物，常暗示一定范围，因此通常与表范围的of短语连用；none与数量有关，可回答how many的提问，表示“一个也没有”None of us enjoy getting up early.我们中没人喜欢早起。no oneno one(nobody)只能指人，不能与of短语连用；no one也与数量有关，表示“什么人也没有”，可回答who的提问No one(Nobody)knows about it.没有人了
8、解此事。4.other，the other，others，the others与another词汇用法例句other意为“别的；其他的”，后接名词Do you have any other questions?你还有其他的问题吗？theother特指(两者中)另一个(人或物)，常用词组one.the other.意为“一个另一个”She has two sons.One is in Beijing，and the other is in Shanghai.她有两个儿子。一个在北京，另一个在上海。others泛指其他的人或物，相当于“other复数名词”He always helps other
9、s(other people)他总是帮助别人。常用词组some.other.意为“一些另一些”There are lots of people in the park.Some are dancing，and others are boating.公园里有许多人。有些人在跳舞，有些人在划船。theothers意为“剩余的人或事物”，特指在一个整体中剩余的全部There are forty students in our class.Thirty of us come to school by bike，and the others all walk to school.我们班有40个学生。其中
10、有30人骑自行车上学，其余的都步行上学。another意为“另一个”，指三者或三者以上的另一个人或物，常用于“another可数名词单数”或“another数词可数名词复数”结构中I dont like this one.Please give meanother one.我不喜欢这个。请给我另一个。全部否定的不定代词：none，no one，nobody，nothing，neither，not any，no名词。部分否定的不定代词：not与all，both，everyone，everybody，everything 等连用，其中not可以位于句首或句中。典型例题分析1(2018年广东学考大纲
11、)The teacher asks (we) very difficult questions.us从句意“老师问我们非常难的问题”可知，动词asks后缺宾语，所有要填we的宾格us。2(2017年广东学业考真题)She often keeps a notebook in (she) bag and writes down what she sees and hears.her从句意“她经常在她的书包里放一本笔记本，记录她的所见所闻”可知，应该填形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词bag，所以填she的形容词性物主代词her。语法专项对练.单句语法填空1Have you bought the new
12、lyproduced equipment on display?Not yet，for I still prefer that at my home.2He found a baby in his car when he came back from the supermarket.And it was crying for some milk.When was that?It was in 2019 when he was still in college.3The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but nei
13、ther contained any useful suggestions.4They reached the top successfully，but on their (they)way back conditions were very difficult.5He had a deep voice，which set him (he) apart from others in our small town.6The young couple have been looking for houses，but havent yet found one they can afford.7No
14、matter how busy he is，Tom makes it a rule to see his parents every week.8Id appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.9Is there anything else I can do for you，Jeff?No.Thanks.I really appreciate it when you lent all your notes to me before the exam.10The book is o
15、f great value，but nothing can be enjoyed unless you digest it.11Our school has made it a rule that all the students come to school on time.12I had to raise my voice to make myself(I) heard in the noisy crowd.13Youve passed the driving test?No.You see the new driving test rules are much stricter than
16、 those in the past.14My feet had hardly touched the sandy bottom when the two men jumped down，one on each side of me (I)15The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than that in the newspaper.16I managed to solve the quarrel between Michael and Allen without hurting the feelings o
17、f either17I want to go to college and become a doctor，such is my wish.18The children were catching butterflies in the garden.Some caught a lot，but others caught none19It wasnt until two days ago that Dad allowed me to drive on the motorway.20My (I) skirt is blue.Hers (she) is red.Which of them do yo
18、u prefer?Either is OK.I like their styles.语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。An old man and his son were taking a donkey to the market.The man rode the donkey and the son walked behind 1.it .A man saw them and asked the son why 2.he wasnt riding the donkey.Then the father let 3.him ride it.4.Another man s
19、aw them and told 5.them that they should 6.both ride the donkey.So 7.they both got on it.A woman who saw them said，“Tell 8.me，why are you both riding that poor animal? 9.It looks so weak and tired.10.You are so cruel！” Then，the father and son got off the donkey and started carrying it across a bridge.When they were halfway across the bridge，the donkey struggled loose and fell into the river.
