1、第4讲特殊句式考点1倒装句1. 完全倒装表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语here, there, now, then, up, down, away, off, in, out, in the room, on the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时。At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China.在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处，坐落着中国十大城市之一的重庆。2. 部分倒装(1)否定副词(never, ne
2、ither, nor, hardly, little, seldom, rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time, by no means, on no condition, in no case等)置于句首时。Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow.他刚到，天就下起雪来。(2)only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时。(3)so/neither助动词/be动词/情态动词主语，意为“也是如此/也不”。(4)在not only. but (also). 结构中，若not only置于句首时，需将not only所在的
3、句子部分倒装。(5)not until. 置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。(6)so. that. 和such. that. 结构中，so或such及其所修饰的成分置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。Not until recently did they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a d
4、ecision.他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才做出决定。考点2强调句1. 陈述句：It is/was. that/who. (强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)一般疑问句：Is/Wasit. that/who. ?特殊疑问句：疑问词is/wasitthat. ?I wonder what it is that makes you so addicted to the mobile phone.我想知道是什么让你对手机如此着迷。2. “not. until. ”的强调句：It is/was not until. that. (注意时态)It was not until I c
5、ame here that I realised this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。强调谓语动词，用do/does/did动词原形。该结构只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。He did come to see you last Sunday, but you were out.他上周日的确来看过你，但是你出去了。考点3其他常考特殊句式一、省略句1. 状语从句的省略当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一
6、致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.当他们有父母陪伴的时候，孩子是可以进入体育馆的。2. 不定式的省略(1)在上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect, hope, intend, mean, try, want, wish等词后。Firstly, people m
7、ay feel forced when asked to do things that they dont want to.首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。(2)but用作介词，意为“除之外”时，前面有实义动词do，后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略 to。If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。3. if省略结构if so如果这样的话if n
8、ecessary如果有必要的话if not如果不是这样的话 if possible如果可能的话if ever如果曾经有的话 if any如果有的话二、感叹句1. what引导的感叹句(1)Whata/an(adj.)单数可数名词主语谓语！(2)What(adj.)不可数名词/复数名词主语谓语！What a strange plant(How strange a plant)! Ive never seen it before.这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。The shocking news made me realise what terrible problems we would fac
9、e.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。2. how引导的感叹句(1)Howadj./adv. 主语谓语！(2)Howadj.a/an单数可数名词主语谓语！(3)How主语谓语！How time flies!时光飞逝！三、祈使句祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。1. 祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略，也可不省)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加dont，也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。Do your homework before you watch TV.看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。Alice, you feed th
10、e bird today, will you?艾丽丝，今天你喂鸟，可以吗？2. 祈使句表示假设的情况。(1)祈使句and/or简单句(2)名词词组(多含有more, another)and简单句Call me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。Start out right away, or well miss the first train.立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班火车。四、there be句型1. there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用，并且be有
11、时可用 live, remain, stand, lie, exist, seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be等替换。There have been many great changes in our country since then.自从那时起我国发生了很多巨大的变化。Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。2. there be句型的常考句型：There is no point/sens
12、e (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义。There is no doubt that. 毫无疑问There is no need (for sb. ) to do sth. (某人)没有必要做某事。There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth. 做某事(没)有困难。There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that. (做)某事(没)有可能性。. 单句语法填空1. (2020江苏省南通等苏北七市高三三模)It was in the Lake District, a tourist at
13、traction in England that they met each other and became fast friends.2. Only after talking to two students did (do) I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.3. Tom seldom, if ever, paid for the software on his computer. That is, he used lots of pirated
14、 software.4. It is human errors, rather than the natural disaster, that are (be) to blame for the death of so many innocent people in the landslide at an industrial park in Shenzhen.5. Into the dark apartment walked (walk) David，who was quite surprised when everyone shouted “Happy birthday！”6. Much
15、as/though few readers succeed, it is exciting for readers to take the challenge to guess the result when a story comes to the end.7. I dont think that they will reach an agreement in such a short time.Neither/Nor do I. It will take time to find a winwin solution.8. When watching (watch) the film in
16、the theatre, the audience burst out laughing.9. “An awful accident did (do), however, occur the other day，” the old man repeated, trembling all over. 语篇语法填空(2020湖南常德期末协作考试)Art museums are places where people can learn about various cultures. Unlike most art museums, however, design museums show obje
17、cts 1. _ are easily found by the general public. These museums sometimes even place things like fridges and washing machines 2. _ the centre of the hall.People have argued that design museums 3. _(use) as advertisements for new industrial technology. But their role is not 4. _ (simple) a matter of s
18、ale. The difference between the window of a department store and the showcase in a design museum 5. _ (be) that the first tries to sell you something, 6. _ the second tells you the success of a sale.In recent years, several new design museums have been trying 7. _ (satisfy) the publics growing inter
19、est in the field with new ideas. Londons Design Museum, for example, shows a 8. _ (collect) of massproduced objects from Zippo lighters to electric typewriters to a group of Italian fish tins. The choices open to design museums seem far 9. _ (little) strict than those open to art museums, and visito
20、rs may also sense the humorous part of our society while 10. _ (walk) around such exhibits as interesting and unusually attractive toys collected in our everyday life.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了与传统艺术博物馆不同的设计博物馆。这些博物馆中陈列着人们容易找到的物品，但又与百货商店的橱窗有所不同。近年来，设计博物馆在不断尝试新想法以适应人们的兴趣。1. that/which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语
21、从句，并在从句中充当主语，指物，故填that/which。2. in考查介词。此处与设空处后的内容共同构成地点状语，意为“在的中心”，故填in。3. are used考查动词的时态和语态。宾语从句的主语design museums 与动词use之间为被动关系，且此处陈述一般事实，应使用一般现在时，故填are used。4. simply考查词性转换。此处应用副词作状语，故填 simply。5. is考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，The difference为主语部分的中心词，be动词是主句的谓语动词，应用第三人称单数形式；且此处陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时。故填is。6. but
22、/yet/while考查连词。根据语境可知，设空处前后表示两种情况的对比，且前后为转折关系，意为“然而”，故填but/yet/while。7. to satisfy考查固定搭配。此处为try to do sth.这一固定结构，应用动词不定式，故填to satisfy。8. collection考查词性转换。a collection of意为“一批”，为固定短语，故填collection。9. less考查副词的比较级。根据设空处后的than可判断，设空处应和strict一同构成比较级，故填less。10. walking考查特殊句式。此处为状语从句的省略，从句中省略了与主句主语相同的从句主语和be动词，即while (they are) walking around.，故填walking。
