1、课时作业28A healthy life.阅读理解(陕西西安中学检测)A decadelong study, also the first major research into air pollution and disease has shown that living near a main road increases the risk of dementia (痴呆). The study of 6.6 million people found that one in ten dementia deaths in people living within 50 metres of a
2、 busy road was due to waste gas and noise.Air pollution is already known to contribute to the deaths of around 40,000 people in Britain each year by worsening breathing and heart conditions, while previous research showed emissions (排放物) can cause brain shrinkage. But the new study by Canadian publi
3、c health scientists is the first to find a link between living close to heavy traffic and the increasing of dementia, a discovery described as “believable” and “impressive” by British experts.Dr Hong Chen said, “Our study suggests that busy roads could be a source of environmental stressors that cou
4、ld give rise to the onset of dementia. Population growth and urbanization have placed many people close to heavy traffic, and with widespread exposure to heavy traffic and growing rates of dementia, even a modest effect from nearroad exposure could cause a large public health burden. More research t
5、o understanding this link is needed, particularly into the effects of different aspects of traffic, such as air pollutants and noise.”In the new study, the team tracked all adults aged between 20 and 85 living in Ontario for more than a decade from 2001 to 2012. They used postcodes to determine how
6、close people lived to a main road and analysed medical records to see if they went on to develop dementia, Parkinsons disease or multiple sclerosis (多发性硬化)While there was no correlation between living near a road and Parkinsons disease or multiple sclerosis, dementia risk reduced as people lived fur
7、ther from a main road, with a seven per cent higher risk in developing dementia among those living within 50 metres; a four per cent higher risk at 50 100 metres and a two per cent higher risk at 101 200 metres. After 200 metres there was no increase. Researchers believe that noise of traffic may al
8、so play a role in the raised risk as well as other urban pollution, which is often present near busy roads.本文是一篇说明文。研究表明：居住在主道路附近的居民由于受空气污染和噪声影响患痴呆的风险较高。1What can we know about Canadians new study?ABritish experts think highly of it.BIt brings benefits to dementia patients.CIt shows that air polluti
9、on is very serious.DIt shows that air pollution can cause brain shrinkage.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“But the new study by Canadian public health.described as believable and impressive by British experts.”可知，英国专家很看重这项研究。故选A项。2What Dr Hong Chen said showed that _.Apeople are diagnosed with dementia mainly due
10、 to air pollutionBwidespread exposure to traffic will reduce the risk of having dementiaCthe link between living near roads and having dementia was not obviousDbusy roads could be a source of environmental stressors that caused dementia to increase答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Dr Hong Chen said, Our study sugg
11、ests that busy roads could be a source of environmental stressors that could give rise to the onset of dementia.”可知，Dr Hong Chen认为繁忙的道路是一种环境压力源，会使患痴呆症的风险升高。故选D项。3What does the underlined word “correlation” mean?AChange.BImprovement.CAssociation. DSecret.答案：C解析：词义猜测题。虽然生活在道路附近与帕金森病或多发性硬化症之间没有相关性，但随着人
12、们远离主干道，患痴呆症的风险降低了。correlation与association同义，意为“相关，关联”。故选C项。.阅读填句(河北滦南一中检测)Snowblind its a frightening word. Thankfully, its a condition that is totally preventable.Snowblindness is a painful, temporary loss of vision due to overexposure to the suns UV rays. Essentially, snowblindness is caused by a
13、sunburned eye._1_ Though it is commonly called snowblindness, the condition can (and often does) occur in the absence of snow.The terms “snowblind” and “snowblindness” have become popular because snow is highly reflective of ultraviolet radiation. _2_ Also, skiing, mountain climbing and snowboarding
14、 usually take place at relatively high altitudes, where the suns UV rays are stronger. Combined, these factors can double your risk of getting sunburned eyes, compared with being outdoors at lower altitudes in the summertime._3_ Television journalist Anderson Cooper experienced snowfree snowblindnes
15、s firsthand a few years ago when he spent a couple of hours on a boat in Portugal without sunglasses and ended up “blind for 36 hours，” according to his report of the incident.Not only can you become snowblind without snow it can happen without sunlight, too! _4_ For example, sun lamps can cause tem
16、porary snowblindness if proper eye protection is not used._5_ To relieve pain or discomfort from snowblindness, stay indoors and wear sunglasses. Keep your eyes wellmoistened with artificial tears. For additional relief, use overthecounter pain relievers. Be sure to use only pain relievers you know
17、you can take without worry of an allergic reaction. You also may find that placing a cool, dampened washcloth over your closed eyelids is comforting.AYou dont need snow to become snowblind.BIt will likely affect those travelling in snowy conditions.CTo prevent snowblindness on the slopes, wear sungl
18、asses.DSometimes it occurs from manmade sources of ultraviolet radiation.EIn fact, snow can reflect over 80 per cent of the UV rays that fall upon it.FSnowblindness is scary, but usually its temporary, and there are ways to relieve the discomfort.GBut water and white sand also are highly reflective
19、of the suns UV rays, thus increasing the risk.本文是一篇说明文。“雪盲”是一件很可怕的事情，在没有雪的情况下也会发生，文章介绍了几种可以预防“雪盲”发生的方法。1解析：根据后面的句子“Though it is commonly called snowblindness, the condition can (and often does) occur in the absence of snow.”可知，虽然这词被叫作“雪盲”，但是在没有雪的地方也会发生，故选A。2解析：根据上一句的介绍“The terms snowblind and snowbl
20、indness have become popular because snow is highly reflective of ultraviolet radiation.”可知，这个术语很流行，因为雪能高度反射紫外线，所以“.snow can reflect over 80 per cent of the UV rays that fall upon it.”这句话说明雪能反射80%的紫外线，起到承上启下的作用，故选E。3解析：根据后一句话“Television journalist Anderson Cooper experienced snowfree snowblindness fi
21、rsthand a few years ago.”可知，人们在没有雪的地方也会经历“雪盲”，可见，水和白沙也会反射紫外线，增加了这种风险，故选G。4解析：根据下句“.sun lamps can cause temporary snowblindness if proper eye protection is not used.”可知，太阳灯也能造成暂时的“雪盲”，故一些人造的东西也能反射紫外线，故选D。5解析：此空位于段首，根据这段的内容介绍可知，本段主要介绍了几种减少“雪盲”发生的方法，故选F。.语法填空(福建厦门一中检测)Friendship Day in India falls on _
22、1_ first Sunday of August every year. It is celebrated with many activities.Young people in India spend the day with their closest friends and have _2_ (funny) together. Most youngsters in India plan a movie or lunch with friends. A large group of friends may also go on a drive to tourist places or
23、make a plan _3_ camping. Some friends go to the supermarkets to do some shopping. On Friendship Day most stores offer discounted prices for _4_ (customer) and it is the perfect day to buy something for friends.Some friends go to parties _5_ (organize) by many restaurants in order to attract youngste
24、rs. Such parties are very enjoyable. You can get food at a discounted price. Some friends just decide to meet up at someones home and talk about _6_ (they) happy past time. The time good friends spend _7_ (sit) together and talking over a cup of coffee is precious and _8_ (forget)Long distance frien
25、ds call up each other on this day _9_ wish each other with warm feelings. Some of them even plan to meet up on this particular day. Yet some others plan a _10_ (surprise) visit just to see their friend gasp in pleasant shock!本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“印度友谊日”的相关情况。1解析：友谊日是每年八月的第一个星期天，有序数词，因此与定冠词the连用。2解析：这里说的是年轻
26、人跟最亲密的朋友一起，玩得很开心。have fun“玩得开心，过得愉快”，为固定搭配。3解析：许多朋友可能开车去旅游景点或者指定野营计划。make a plan for “为制订计划”。4解析：这个句子的主语是stores，商店会降价销售他们的商品给顾客们。5解析：一些朋友会参加由许多餐馆为了吸引年轻人而组织的聚会。parties与organize之间是动宾关系，因此需用被动形式，且此处句子已经有了谓语，又在此作定语修饰parties，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。6解析：句子的主语为some friends，且此处作定语修饰time，因此用形容词性物主代词。7解析：句中的good frien
27、ds spend sitting together and talking over a cup of coffee是定语从句，先行词为the time，因此此处是spend time doing.的结构。8解析：依据语境可知，此处是说时光很宝贵和难忘，因此用unforgettable表示“难忘的”。9解析：远地方的朋友会打电话，祝福彼此，因此为并列关系，用and连接。10解析：修饰名词visit，且作定语，因此用surprising，表示“令人吃惊的”。.短文改错(山西太原十二中检测)Dear Susan，Im very glad to hear you were coming to vis
28、it me the next Friday. Unfortunately, I wont be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. You wont find difficult to get to the city concert. The airport bus leaves every 30 minute and will take you rightly to the Friendship Hotel. My class will be over by then or I w
29、ill pick you up there. I will take you together to a hotpot restaurant for dinner and well talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner. Having a pleasant trip and see you on Friday.Yours，Zhang Ming答案与解析1wereare考查时态。you are coming用现在进行时表示将来的动作。2去掉next前面的the考查冠词。这里不是间接引语，不需要加the。next Friday“下星期五”。3
30、althoughbecause考查连词。此处I have classes是I wont be able to meet you at the airport的原因。4find后加it考查动词后的宾语。it是形式宾语，代替to get to the city concert。5minuteminutes考查名词的单复数形式。minute是可数名词，前面有30，故用复数。6rightlyright考查副词。此处right是副词，意为“直接地”。rightly意为“端正地，正当地，正确地，公正地，恰当地”。不合题意。7orand考查连词。“My class will be over by then”
31、和“I will pick you up there”是顺承关系，不是选择。8去掉together考查搭配。take sb. to无须加together。9withabout考查介词。后面的宾语是our plan，因此用about。talk about“谈论”。10HavingHave考查句子。此处是祝愿语，用祈使句。.书面表达(河北保定模拟)假设你是李华，元旦假期来临，你校学生会决定组织在校学生在卧龙山进行一次拓展活动。请你给好友美国交换生Peter写一封邮件告知相关情况。1时间：元旦上午8：00乘车出发；2内容：爬山，同时捡拾垃圾；3注意事项：自带午餐、雨具等。注意：1词数100左右；2可
32、以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Peter，Good news for you!The students union has decided to organize a trip to Mount Wolong on New Years Day, so Im writing to tell you about the details.All of us will get on the school bus at the school gate at 8：00 in the morning. Then we start our trip to Mount Wolong. The clim
33、b will start at the parking center. Everyone is expected to pick up the rubbish as we climb up, which will help to polish the beauty of the scenery. We wont have lunch together, so you need to take a packed lunch with you. And also, bring your umbrella or raincoat with you in case it rains.Have a nice day！Yours,Li Hua
