1、专题17 阅读理解说明类 七选五I、2021年高考真题（2021全国甲卷阅读理解七选五）Swap, Dont shop!You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesnt end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）is not healthy for the env
2、ironment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-youre-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? _16_. Its the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.A successful swap depends on the selection o
3、f clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. Its really easy to do! Here are a few pointers. Invite 510 people so you have a nice selection. _17_ , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable. _18_. They should al
4、so prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their new clothes home. Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room._19_. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must t
5、ry on the clothes before they take themthings always look different when you put them on.Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. _20_. And dont forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, its a party!A Less people than thatB. Hold a clothing swapC. I
6、f two people are competingD. Just keep music playing throughoutE. Donate whatever clothes are left overF. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spotsG. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法衣物交换派对，以及一些具体的流程。16.根据
7、上文“So what to do with all those perfectly- good-but-you re- maybe-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor?（那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的（看起来）完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服呢？）”提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文“Its the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same tim
8、e.（这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方法。）”提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。所以空白处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题，启下提出的方法。因而空白处是提出了一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项“Hold a clothing swap.（进行衣物交换。）”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。17.根据上文“Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.”（邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的选择。）说明了应该邀请的人数。下文“and there may not be enough things to cho
9、ose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.”（可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。）说明多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“more than that”提出的相反的假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less people than that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“more than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。故选A项。18.根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable b
10、ags to carry their “new” clothes home.”（他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。）说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.”（告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服。）说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。故选G项。19.根据上文“Put different t
11、ypes of clothing on different surfaces in the room.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项“Have everyone put their clothes
12、in the right spots.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。20.上文“Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.”（设置开始时间。也许你说“开始”，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。）打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文“And dont forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, its a party!”（别忘了拿出一些饼干
13、和水果。记住，这是个派对！）讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。因而，空白处应是承接上文，讲述聚会期间要保持应有的内容。D项“Just keep music playing throughout.”（要始终播放音乐。）承上启下，说明在派对上要有音乐，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合题意，故选D项。（2021全国乙卷七选五）According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, its not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party. _36_, if you
14、re out of your comfort zone or if youre wandering into somebodys house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “Wha
15、t do you do for a living?”, youll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is youre talking to. _37_, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up convers
16、ation. _38_? If you cant take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （讲台）. If youre the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation._39_.And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If youre
17、 faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞扬）. _40_. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”So being interesting at a dinner party isnt t
18、hat hard.A. How do you know the hostB. The first step is to go exploringC. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangersE. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to sayF. What about that person who had too much to dri
19、nk or wont stop talkingG. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most【答案】36. B 37. C 38. F 39. E 40. G【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。36.根据上文“its not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难)”可知，下文应主要讲述如何在晚宴上让自己变得有趣。下文“So the m
20、ain thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. (所以最主要的事情就是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不同的食物，和陌生人交谈)”可推知，本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变得有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。由此可知，B项“The first step is to go exploring(第一步是去探索)”承上启下，符合题意。故选B项。37.根据下文“it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or
21、“I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. (它可以带入“我有这辆破旧的车”或“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑话的疯子一起乘坐公共汽车。”它只是打开了对话)”可知，设空处应该是提了一个不太好的问题，只是开始交流，但并不会给人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C项“If you ask the question “How did you get here?”(如果你问“你是怎么到这里来的？”这个问题)”能够承接下文，符合
22、题意。故选C项。38.根据下文“If you cant take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox. If youre the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，此处指出了一个问
23、题的解决办法。由此推知，设空处提到了一个棘手的问题。F项“What about the person who has had too much to drink or wont stop talking(喝太多酒或一直说个不停的人怎么办)”正是提出的问题，引出下文的解决办法，符合题意。故选F项。39.根据上文“If you cant take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If youre the host, you can ask them to help you in t
24、he kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题提供方法。由此可知，E项“Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say(或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题)”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。40.根据上文“If
25、youre faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再次交谈的方法就是赞美主人)”可知，此处指出赞美主人可以缓解尴尬的沉默，设空处承上启下，下文“This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.(这蛋糕特别好吃，你得告诉我它的一
26、切)”对主人进行了赞美。由此可知，宴会上出现尴尬的沉默时，最尴尬的就是主人，所以需要赞美主人来缓解尴尬。G项“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most(他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬的人)”承上启下，符合题意。故选G项（2021新高考I卷七选五）My husband and I just spent a week in Paris._36_So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor
27、apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.The place wasnt entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水 管 ) worked. _37_Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,”
28、 in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and its a shame I dont have much use for it.Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. _38_ French strawberrie
29、s do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs._39_ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I ag
30、reed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.You can tell this by cafs life. French cafs are always crowded._40_When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously so seriously that some l
31、abor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.A. Not all the customers are tourists.B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.D. The amazing food is m
32、ainly consumed by local farmers.E. Thats not the only reason the French eat less than we do.F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.G. The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy.【答案】36. F 37. C 38. G 39. E 40. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了作者夫妇两人在巴黎
33、的居住的感受。首先，作者介绍了她住的房子；其次，说明了巴黎人生活非常精致的原因；最后，说明法国人对待生活的态度，相较于工作效率他们更看重生活品质。36.上文“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.(我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周)”说明了背景；下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大)”是空格处的结
34、果，因此空格处需要填原因；根据F项“Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.(我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上可以活的像巴黎人。)”可知，作者要在巴黎住下来，所以需要租房子，两句构成因果关系。故选F项。37.上文“The place wasnt entirely authentic, though.(不过，这个地方并不是地道的法国住房)”是段落的中心句，说明第二段主要内容是讲解公寓的情况。下文提到了楼宇和电梯的情况。C项“There was a nice kitchen and a comf
35、ortable bed.(有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床)”提到了厨房和床，这些都属于公寓的配置。故选C项。38.上文“. they eat great food and never gain weight.(他们吃得很好，而且从不发胖)”提及了食物。下文“French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.(法国草莓尝起来不像纸板。相反，它们会像小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸)”在说明法国的草莓很好吃。上下文结合可知，因为法国的食物质
36、量很高，所以不用吃很多就能很满足，同时吃的少也就不会发胖了。G项“The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy. (食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐)”符合语境要求。故选G项。39.第三段主要描述了作者夫妻去了采购了食物，买了草莓。下文“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!(我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。但它们要18美元!)”说明法国的水果
37、好吃但是也很贵。选项E“Thats not the only reason the French eat less than we do.(这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因)”承接了上一段关于法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题，同时引起下文，给出了法国人吃的少的另一个原因物价贵。故选E项。40.根据上文“In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by cafs life. French cafs are always crowded. (在法国生活质量比效率更重
38、要。这一点你能从咖啡馆生活看出来。法国的咖啡厅总是很拥挤)”可知，上文说明了法国人对待工作不是很积极且咖啡厅里顾客很多。下文“When do these people work?(这些人什么时候工作？)”是一个问句，说明本句属于过渡句，承接上文说明咖啡厅里的造成拥挤的客人的情况，A选项中有“customer”符合咖啡馆的情境设定，同时讲述了不是所有的客人都是游客，那么意味着大部分人都是当地人，符合下文的提问。故选A项。（2021浙江卷七选五）Youve got mailand its a postcardPaulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese com
39、puter engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Romes Colosseum. Or Africas Victoria Falls. Or Chinas Great Wall. _11_ I often send postcards to family and friends. he says to China Daily, but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send,
40、 and you realize that not everyone is into it _12_ ” Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulos hunch（直觉）paid off. Today his ho
41、bby has developed into the website , a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. _13_ Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job. Language is certainly a harrier for many people. For postcrossing to work w
42、orldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesnt work if one doesnt understand it. _14_ So a common language is required and in postcrossing thats English since its widely
43、 spoken. Many people in China have limited exposure to English. _15_ That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing, Paulo says.A. And thats totally fineB. That makes it extra hard to learn and pra
44、ctice itC. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobbyD. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes p
45、art of the fun away.G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.【答案】11. G 12. A 13. E 14. F 15. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Paulo Magalhaes创建的过程及其现状。Paulo Magalhaes非常喜欢明信片但是苦于身边没有与他志趣相投的人，于是他开始从网上寻求志同道合的人，因而创立了。随着公司在全球不断壮大，语言成为沟通的主要障碍，后来英语被选为共同语言方便
46、大家交流。11.上文“Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored image of Romes Colosseum. Or Africas Victoria Falls. Or Chinas Great Wall.( 34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师Paulo Magalhaes喜欢打开他的邮箱，然后发现一个色彩鲜艳的罗马斗牛场图像。或者非洲的维多利亚瀑布。或者是中国的长城)”介绍了Paulo喜欢明信片的个人爱好。下文
47、“. and you realize that not everyone is into it.”说明他身边缺少与他志趣相投的人。选项G“In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a scribbled note from someone far away.(简而言之，他喜欢明信片，也喜欢收到远方某人潦草的便条时的那种兴奋)”起到承上启下的作用，总结了上文Paulo喜欢明信片，也引出下文关于他的喜好得不到回应的问题。故选G项。12.上文“I often send postcards to family and fri
48、ends. he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it(“我经常给家人和朋友寄明信片， ”他说，“但你可以想象，过一段时间，你收到的明信片不会像你寄的那么多，而且你意识到并不是每个人都喜欢这样。”)”说明Paulo意识到身边的亲人和朋友不是都和他有相同的爱好，因此他也很坦然接受这个事实，因此选项A“那完全没问题”符合语境。故选A项。13.上文“
49、Today his hobby has evolved into the website P, a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he launched it 10 years ago.(如今，他的这个爱好已经发展成了P这个社交网站。自从10年前他创建这个网站以来，已经有来自214个国家和地区的575217名注册用户)”是在介绍目前网站的发展状况，因此符合文意的只有E选项“8月5日，会员互赠的明信片数量达到3100万张”是在介绍该网站相关的
50、数据。故选E项。14.上文“As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesnt work if one doesnt understand it.(收到一张用中文写明信片可能很酷，但如果你不理解它，这个概念就行不通)”是举例说明他国人收到中文明信片时的问题。选项F“Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card written in Swedish takes part of the fun away.(同样地，如果你只会
51、说中文，收到瑞典语的卡片也会夺走一部分乐趣)”是举例说明中国人收到他国语言明信片时也会遇到相同的问题。两句相结合，符合结论句的语义要求，故选F项。15.上文“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.(许多中国人很少能接触到英语)”说明对某些人来说学习英语的门槛较高。结合下文“. who actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing.(他们实际上通过使用明信片来提高他们的英语技能)”可知，写明信片成为一种练习英语的渠道。因此选项B
52、 “这使得学习和练习它变得格外困难 ”符合语境要求，说明对一些人来说学习和练习英语的难度较高，因为渠道较少。故选B项。II、2021年高考模拟试题 （2021诸暨市5月模拟七选五）An American study of 10,000 students found that if you make more friends than the average person at school, youll receive a higher salary in later life. People need good social skills at work to work in a team
53、successfully. _11_On average, teenagers aged between 15 and 17 have 500 “friends” on their favorite social networking sites. Adults have 130. So if you believe this research, you might be very rich._12_ Dunbar, a professor from the University of Oxford, studied the number of messages between users o
54、f a popular social networking website, each of whom had between 200 and 2,000 friends. He found that they always communicate with a maximum of 150 people.Among these 150, around 5 people are close friends. _13_ They are probably old friends and you share all your good and bad experiences with them.
55、Then there are 10 more friends. Although theyre close to you, you may not keep in touch with them every week. Next there are 35 people who you might spend time with because of a shared interest. _14_ You see or speak to these people at least once a year, but you dont know them well. Beyond this numb
56、er, Dunbar says, its impossible to make any relationship meaningful.If you have a lot of online “friends”, try this experiment: First take away anyone you havent been in touch with for a year. Then remove those you cannot remember and, finally, take away friends who you wouldnt mind losing touch wit
57、h. How many have you left? How many of these people are actually good friends? _15_A. You are not close to them.B. And finally, theres a large group of 100.C. Youve most likely known them for long.D. However, it probably wont make any difference.E. These are the same skills we use to make friends at
58、 school.F. Theyve found that having good friends can help you live longer.G. According to the research, these are the only people that really matter.【答案】11. E 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. G【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了美国一项针对1万名学生的研究发现，如果你在学校里交的朋友比一般人多，你以后的收入就会更高。 然而，牛津大学的教授Dunbar研究发现朋友的多少可能不会造成什么不同。11.根据上文“An America
59、n study of 10,000 students found that if you make more friends than the average person at school, youll receive a higher salary in later life. People need good social skills at work to work in a team successfully.”（美国一项针对1万名学生的研究发现，如果你在学校里交的朋友比一般人多，你以后的收入就会更高。 人们在工作中需要良好的社交技巧才能在团队中成功工作）可知美国一项研究表明在学校
60、里交朋友的数量与今后的收入有关，工作中也需要良好的社交技巧。该空承接上文，指出其中的原因，E选项“这些都是我们在学校里用来交朋友的技能”切题，其中，选项中的skills对应上文中的skills，故选E。12.根据下文“Dunbar, a professor from the University of Oxford, studied the number of messages between users of a popular social networking website, each of whom had between 200 and 2,000 friends. He foun
61、d that they always communicate with a maximum of 150 people.”（Dunbar是牛津大学的教授，他研究了一个流行社交网站用户之间的信息数量，这些用户每个人都有200到2000个朋友。 他发现他们最多只能和150人交流 ）可知一项研究表明社交网站用户的朋友的数量似乎没有什么实质性的影响。该空引出下文，D选项“然而，这可能不会有什么不同”切题，故选D。13.根据上文“Among these 150, around 5 people are close friends.”（在这150人中，大约有5人是亲密的朋友）可知这里引出了亲密朋友这个话题
62、。根据下文“They are probably old friends and you share all your good and bad experiences with them.”（他们可能是老朋友，你和他们分享你所有的好和坏的经历）可知这里具体说明了什么样的人称得上是亲密朋友。该空承上启下，也在说明什么样的人称得上是亲密朋友，C选项“你很可能已经认识他们很久了”切题，其中，选项中的“them”指代上文中的close friends，故选C。14.根据上文“Then there are 10 more friends. Although theyre close to you, yo
63、u may not keep in touch with them every week. Next there are 35 people who you might spend time with because of a shared interest.”（然后还有10个朋友。 虽然他们和你很亲近，但你可能不会每周都和他们保持联系。 接下来是35个你可能会因为共同的兴趣而与之共度时光的人）可知这里依次列举了不同亲密程度的朋友。该空承接上文，列出其中的一类朋友，B选项“最后，还有一个100人的大团体”切题，其中，选项中的“finally”与上文中的“Then”和“Next”相呼应，故选B。
64、15.根据上文“If you have a lot of online “friends”, try this experiment: First take away anyone you havent been in touch with for a year. Then remove those you cannot remember and, finally, take away friends who you wouldnt mind losing touch with. How many have you left? How many of these people are actu
65、ally good friends?”（如果你在网上有很多“朋友”，那就试着做这样一个实验:首先带走那些一年没联系的朋友。 然后删除那些你不记得的，最后，带走那些你不介意失去联系的朋友。 你还剩多少? 这些人中有多少是真正的好朋友? ）可知这里具体介绍了这个实验的过程，该空承接上文，说明这个试验的结果，G选项“根据研究，这些人才是真正重要的人”切题，其中，选项中的“these”指代上文中“经过层层筛选，剩下的朋友”，故选G。（2021成都三诊七选五）It can be very easy to stick with what you know, instead of trying to mee
66、t people who are different from you. _16_Heres what you can do:Become self-aware. _17_This includes biases(偏见）about your own cultural background. It can be confronting, but by doing this youll be able to think about how these traits might impact on your approach to and understanding of differences.
67、You could try: Think about what assumptions you make about your friends, peers, and people you work with. Talk to someone from a different cultural background. Try and get to know someone from a different cultural background better. _18_Youll automatically find out more about their life and experien
68、ces. Just being curious and open-minded can be helpful. Be more accepting. Sometimes, for one reason or another, its not all that easy to understand some cultural differences. _19_ In other words, you dont have to understand, or even agree with, someone in order to accept them. _20_ One of the bigge
69、st difficulties to overcome in understanding cultural differences is making judgments based on one opinion. You should do some research to actually learn about people, instead of making broad-brush assessments. Stereotyping(模式化）people from different cultural backgrounds can impact their quality of l
70、ife and opportunities.A. Do your own research.B. Think beyond stereotypes.C. Practice being sympathetic towards people.D. Work out your own beliefs, values and personal biases.E. Instead of asking them questions directly, treat them as friends.F. And the best approach is to acknowledge people are di
71、fferent and to accept thats okay.G. However, trying to understand people from other countries can help you experience more.【答案】16. G 17. D 18. E 19. F 20. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。试着去理解来自其他国家的人可以帮助你体验更多，文章对如何理解和接受不同文化背景的人提出了建议。16.前文“It can be very easy to stick with what you know, instead of trying to meet peop
72、le who are different from you.”（坚持你所知道的，而不是去结识与你不同的人，这很容易。）和选项G中的“trying to understand people from other countries can help you experience more”（试着去了解来自其他国家的人可以帮助你体验更多）构成转折关系，对应选项G中的however，所以选项G（然而，试着去理解来自其他国家的人可以帮助你体验更多。）切合文意。故选G。17.根据后文“This includes biases(偏见）about your own cultural background.”
73、（这包括对自己文化背景的偏见。）和前文“Become self-aware.”（有自我认知）可知，此处是指对自己的文化背景、偏见等有清醒的认知，并解决它们，所以选项D（解决自己的信念、价值观和个人偏见。）切合文意。故选D。18.根据前文“Talk to someone from a different cultural background.”（和来自不同文化背景的人交谈。）可知，此处是讲和来自不同文化背景的人交谈，所以选项E（不要直接问他们问题，把他们当成朋友。）切合文意。故选E。19.根据前文“Be more accepting.”（更加有包容性）可知，此处是讲对于不同要有包容性，所以选项
74、F（最好的方法是承认人们是不同的，并接受这一点。）切合文意。故选F。20.根据后文“Stereotyping(模式化）people from different cultural backgrounds can impact their quality of life and opportunities.”（对来自不同文化背景的人形成成见会影响他们的生活质量和机会。）可知，此处是指要跳出模式化来思考，所以选项B（超越刻板印象。）切合文意。故选B。（2021台州市4月调考七选五）What are the things that scare you: snakes, spiders or fier
75、ce tigers? Or maybe you have a fear of heights or visiting the dentist. Although some of us just get scared or a bit nervous about these things, for others it can cause an unreasonable reaction that cant be controlled-something we call a phobia (恐惧症). _11_Sometimes its good to be aware of the possib
76、le dangers from things. Our brain warns us of the risks that might lie ahead, but then we often get prepared and overcome them. Clinical psychologist Warren Mansell told the BBC, “Our fears are rooted in our brains-we dont need to learn to be afraid of animals like snakes or spiders.”_12_With a phob
77、ia, your breathing gets quicker, your pulse speeds up, you sweat and your brain is unable to control these reactions._13_ Speaking to the BBC, Lauren Rosenberg, a fear and phobia expert, says, “Phobias usually are a copy behaviour from a higher authority, like a parent or teacher, or a kind of menta
78、l suffering from a past event that comes back to trouble you continuously.” There are many different complex phobias some people suffer from, such as agoraphobiacaused by being away from home, and iatrophobia-fear of doctors._14_Therapy (心理治疗) is one choice, where you gradually get used to whatever
79、it is you fear. Lauren Rosenburg says she likes to work with people to clear their bad memory and help them breathe. But if you do have a phobia, continually trying to avoid what youre afraid of by yourself is likely to make the situation worse._15_A. Then how can they be overcome?B. But where does
80、a phobia come from?C. But phobias are stronger than just fears.D. The right thing to do is to find help to overcome it.E. Overcoming a phobia can take patience devotion and courage.F. Are there any phobias that tend to be more common than others?G. It occurs when someone develops an unrealistic sens
81、e of danger about a situation or object.【答案】11. G 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了恐惧症的定义、来源和克服的方法。11.根据后文“Sometimes its good to be aware of the possible dangers from things. Our brain warns us of the risks that might lie ahead, but then we often get prepared and overcome them.”（有时候意识到事物的潜在危险
82、是件好事。我们的大脑会警告我们前方可能存在的风险，但我们通常会有所准备并克服它们。）可知，此处是指对潜在危险产生意识，而此时危险尚未发生，所以选项G（当某人对某种情况或物体产生一种不现实的危险感时，就会出现这种情况。）切合文意。故选G。12.前文“Our fears are rooted in our brains-we dont need to learn to be afraid of animals like snakes or spiders.”（我们的恐惧根植于我们的大脑我们不需要学会害怕像蛇或蜘蛛这样的动物。）中提到fears，后文“With a phobia, your brea
83、thing gets quicker, your pulse speeds up, you sweat and your brain is unable to control these reactions.”（患有恐惧症，你的呼吸会变快，脉搏加快，出汗，你的大脑无法控制这些反应。）中提到phobia，所以选项C（但是恐惧症比恐惧更强烈。）比较这二者，所以切合文意。故选C。13.根据后文“Phobias usually are a copy behaviour from a higher authority, like a parent or teacher, or a kind of men
84、tal suffering from a past event that comes back to trouble you continuously. ”（恐惧症通常是一种来自上级(如父母或老师)的复制行为，或者是一种过去事件的精神折磨，它会不断回来困扰你。）可知，此处是讲恐惧症的来源，所以选项B（但是恐惧症是从哪里来的呢?）切合文意。故选B。14.根据后文“Therapy (心理治疗) is one choice, where you gradually get used to whatever it is you fear.”（心理治疗是一种选择，你可以逐渐习惯你所恐惧的东西。）可知，此
85、处是指如何克服恐惧症。所以选项A（那么怎样才能克服它们呢?）切合文意。故选A。15.根据前文“But if you do have a phobia, continually trying to avoid what youre afraid of by yourself is likely to make the situation worse”（但如果你确实有恐惧症，不断地试图避开你自己害怕的东西只会让情况变得更糟）可知，此处是讲不断地试图避开你自己害怕的东西是错的，选项D（正确的做法是寻求帮助来克服它。）又讲出正确的做法，所以切合文意。故选D。（2021北京市3月综合能力测试七选五）Th
86、e Flynn EffectThe Flynn effect， first described in the 1980sby researcher James Flynn， refers to the finding that scores on IQ tests have increased in the past century. One research paper， published by psychologist Lisa Trahan and her colleagues， combined the results of other published studies and f
87、ound that IQ scores have indeed increased since the 1950s._35_Trahan and her colleagues observed， “The existence of the Flynn effect is rarely disputed.”_36_One explanation has to do with improvements in health and nutrition. For example， the past century has seen a decrease in smoking and alcohol u
88、se in pregnancy， improvements in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases， and improvements in nutrition. As Scott Barry Kaufman writes for Psychology Today， “The Flynn effect serves as a reminder that when we give people more opportunities to prosper， more people do prosper.”_37_In a TED
89、 talk， Flynn explains that the world today is “a world where weve had to develop new mental habits， new habits of mind.” Flynn has found that IQ scores have increased the most rapidly on questions that ask us to find similarities between different things， and more abstract types of problem solving，
90、both of which are things that we need to do more of in the modem world.Several ideas have been brought up to explain why modern society might lead to higher scores on IQ tests. For example， today， many more of us have demanding， intellectually rigorous jobs. Schools have also changed：whereas a test
91、at school in the early 1900s might have been more focused on memorization， a recent test might be more likely to focus on explaining the reasons for something._38_Family sizes tend to be smaller， and it has been suggested that this may allow children to pick up on new vocabulary words while interact
92、ing with their parents. Is even been suggested that the entertainment we consume is more complex today. _39_Therefore， both the education we receive and the society we live in shape our IQ in a way that we cannot imagine.A. In other words， there is a lot about IQ that we may not know yet.B. Another
93、explanation for the Flynn effect has to do with societal changesC. Researchers have put forward several theories to explain the Flynn effect.D. Trying to understand and anticipate plot points may actually be making us smarter.E. Although there have been exceptions， IQ scores have generally increased
94、 over time.F. Additionally， more people today are likely to finish high school and go on to college.G. The Flynn effect shows that human mind is more adaptable than we might have thought.【答案】35. E 36. C 37. B 38. F 39. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了弗林效应的定义以及人们的智商测试分数不断提高的原因。35.根据后文“Trahan and her colleagues ob
95、served， “The existence of the Flynn effect is rarely disputed.”（特拉汉和她的同事观察到，“弗林效应的存在很少有争议。”）说明尽管也有些例外，但总体智商是提高的。E选项“Although there have been exceptions， IQ scores have generally increased over time.”（虽然也有例外，但智商分数通常会随着时间的推移而提高。）符合题意，故选E项。36.根据后文“One explanation has to do with improvements in health a
96、nd nutrition.（一种解释与健康和营养的改善有关。）”可知，本段是解释弗林效应的。C选项“Researchers have put forward several theories to explain the Flynn effect.”（研究人员提出了几种理论来解释弗林效应。）符合题意，故选C项。37.根据前一段“One explanation has to do with improvements in health and nutrition.（一种解释与健康和营养的改善有关。）”可知，本段是另一种解释弗林效应的理论。B选项“Another explanation for t
97、he Flynn effect has to do with societal changes”（弗林效应的另一种解释与社会变化有关）符合题意，故选B项。38.根据前文“Several ideas have been brought up to explain why modern society might lead to higher scores on IQ tests.（人们提出了一些观点来解释为什么现代社会可能会导致智商测试的高分。）”可知，本段是解释人们智商高的原因。F选项“Additionally， more people today are likely to finish h
98、igh school and go on to college（此外，更多的人今天可能完成高中和继续大学）”符合题意，故选F项。39.根据前文“Is even been suggested that the entertainment we consume is more complex today.（甚至有人建议说，我们今天消费的娱乐更加复杂。）”可知，如今娱乐也可以提高我们的智商。D选项“Trying to understand and anticipate plot points may actually be making us smarter.”（试图理解和预测情节点实际上可能会让我
99、们更聪明。）符合题意，故选D项。（2021北大附中三模七选五）Are You Using Your Time Wisely?Time. You get the same amount every single day. It is predictable, with scheduled times for sunrises and sunsets. Time is one of the few predictable elements in life. _35_ It doesnt matter how much money or influence you have, it is the s
100、ame for everyone.What would you do if someone gave you $86,400 as a gift? Would you think long and hard about how you would use that money, and what fun or important things you would do with it? Thats the number of seconds we are given each and every day. But do you get up in the morning and think a
101、bout what valuable and important things you will do with every second? Very few people do. So, start thinking about your “gift” of 86,400 seconds each day. Use them wisely each and every day. _36_Define what you care about. You have to make a living, pay the bills, attend to your family in need, fin
102、ish the paper due for class and cook your meals. There are certain non-negotiables, but while you are doing all of these “have-to” things, consider what you care about. _37_ Do you want to improve yourself? Do you want to learn something new? Do you want to gain insight or use the time you are doing
103、 these things to get in touch with your inner self? The point is that every activity in life gives you a chance for a deeper meaning if you establish first what you would like it to be._38_ If time is always beyond your management, start being more conscious of what you use it for and what you commi
104、t to. If you are a “yes” person who agrees to take on more than you should, consider saying “no.” If you do commit, break down whats needed into small tasks so you can make gradual progress instead of rushing to get something done. Put things on the calendar. Plan for planning.Get attached to your c
105、alendar. Plan “me time,” “thinking time,” and “time-to-plan time” in your notebook. _39_ Stick to it deliberately (刻意地) until it is more natural for you.Becoming more mindful and deliberate about your time will help you focus on it more thoroughly and find the gifts in every moment you are given.A.
106、Become a planner.B. Do things mindfully.C. Do you want to enjoy the process?D. Dont expect this will just unfold naturally.E. No one gets more in a day than anyone else.F. Heres what you can do, especially if you are busy and time seems to disappear.G. Most of us dont live as if our time is limited,
107、 and therefore waste too much of it.【答案】35. E 36. D 37. B 38. G 39. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何明智地利用时间的建议。35.由本段第二句“You get the same amount every single day. (你每天都得到同样的时间。)”和下一句“It doesnt matter how much money or influence you have, it is the same for everyone. (不管你有多少钱或影响力，时间对每个人来说都一样。)”可知，上下文都在讲时间对于每个人来说
108、都是一样的，每天得到的时间也是一样的，承接上下文，E选项“没有人比其他人在一天中得到更多时间。”切题。故选E项。36.由上两句“So, start thinking about your “gift” of 86,400 seconds each day. Use them wisely each and every day. (所以，开始想想你每天86400秒的“礼物”。每天明智地使用它们。)”和下文关于如何明智使用时间的几点建议可知，上文作者建议读者要明智地使用时间，下文立马提出具体建议，说明明智地使用时间是需要方法的，它不是自然而然发生的，该空起承上启下作用，承接上下文，D选项“别指望这
109、会自然而然地展开。”切题。故选D项。37.由本段第一句“Define what you care about. (定义你关心什么。)”和第三句“There are certain non-negotiables, but while you are doing all of these “have-to” things, consider what you care about. (有一些是不可协商的，但是当你做所有这些“必须”的事情时，考虑一下你关心什么。)”可知，上文作者建议读者做事时，要有关注点，有关心的事物，可得出要用心做事，承接上文，B选项“用心做事。”切题。故选B项。38.由下一句
110、“If time is always beyond your management, start being more conscious of what you use it for and what you commit to. (如果时间总是超出你的管理范围，那就开始更清楚地意识到你用它做什么，你承诺做什么。)”可知，下文指出人们会超出自己的时间管理范围（说明时间用多了），可得出上文可能会提及人们多用或浪费时间的问题，承接下文，G选项“我们大多数人活着不会认为我们的时间是有限的，因此浪费了太多的时间。”切题。故选G项。39.由上两句“Get attached to your calend
111、ar. Plan “me time,” “thinking time,” and “time-to-plan time” in your notebook. (加入你的日历。在笔记本上计划“我的时间”、“思考时间”和“计划时间”。)”可知，上文作者建议读者要有不同的计划，说明我们要成为有计划的人，承接上文，A选项“成为一个计划者。”切题。故选A项。（2021朝阳区二模七选五）People Who Cant CountA recent study has discovered that dyscalculia, the mathematical inability in reading, aff
112、ects about 5% of children in Britain. There is no simple way of finding out the reason and kids with this learning disability are usually labelled unintelligent.So what exactly is this learning disability in mathematics? Unlike most people, dyscalculics cannot recognise three or four objects. _35_ F
113、or example, they need to count the books on the table before they can say how many there are. In other words, they have to count them one by one. This is where they are different from others. The majority of us, if shown three or four similar things, can immediately recognise them._36_ They cannot u
114、nderstand, for instance, why two and three makes five. Another problem is not being able to tell which group contains more objects than the other. Experiments have proved that dyscalculics have not developed the part of the brain responsible for processing numbers.There are also problems with the ab
115、stract concept of time for dyscalculics. _37_ If your best friend is always late, he might be suffering from dyscalculia. Dyscalculics cannot keep track of time, and they never know how much time they have spent getting ready and how long it will take them to get to work. In addition, research has s
116、hown that dyscalculics behave oddly in social situations._38_ This poor ability can explain why they never know how much change they are due or what kind of budget they need for their holiday.On the other hand, dyscalculics are very good at creative arts. People suffering from dyscalculia can become
117、 painters or poets. Dyscalculia does not seem to delay language acquisition. Dyscalculic children acquire language at the same time as, if not earlier than, most children and have no problem learning to read or write. _39_A. Dyscalculics have difficulties in using numbers at all.B. This disability s
118、cares children away from learning mathematics.C. They have to go through the routine of counting even a small number of objects.D. It is quite reasonable for dyscalculics to solve this kind of specific problem at any time.E. They never know how much they should tip the waiter or theyve got left afte
119、r a shopping trip.F. We can see that dyscalculia is only a learning disability, not a general indication of intelligence.G. This can account for their difficulty in reading schedules and remembering the order in which things have happened.【答案】35. C 36. A 37. G 38. E 39. F【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对计算障碍患者的特征进行了介
120、绍，并表明这只是一种学习障碍，而不是智力的普遍表现。35.根据后文“For example, they need to count the books on the table before they can say how many there are.”（例如，他们需要数桌子上的书，然后才能说出有多少。）可知，此处是指即使数量很少他们也必须数过才知道，所以选项C（他们必须通过例行的计算，即使是少量的对象。）切合文意。故选C。36.根据后文“They cannot understand, for instance, why two and three makes five.”（例如，他们无法
121、理解为什么二加三等于五。）可知，此处是指计算障碍患者在计算方面有困难，所以选项A（计算障碍患者在使用数字方面有困难）切合文意。故选A。37.根据前文“There are also problems with the abstract concept of time for dyscalculics.”（对于计算障碍来说，时间的抽象概念也存在问题。）可知，因为时间的抽象概念也存在问题，所以他们阅读日程安排和记住时间的发展顺序有困难。所以选项G（这可以解释为什么他们很难阅读时间表和记住事情发生的顺序。）切合文意。故选G。38.前文“In addition, research has shown t
122、hat dyscalculics behave oddly in social situations.”（此外，研究表明，计算障碍患者在社交场合会表现得很奇怪。）对应选项E中的“They never know how much they should tip the waiter”（他们从来不知道应该给服务员多少小费），后文“This poor ability can explain why they never know how much change they are due or what kind of budget they need for their holiday.”（这种差劲
123、的能力可以解释为什么他们永远不知道他们该付多少零钱，或者他们的假期需要什么样的预算。）与选项E中的“theyve got left after a shopping trip”（他们在购物后剩下多少钱）相对应，所以选项E（他们永远不知道应该给服务员多少小费，也不知道购物后还剩下多少钱。）切合文意。故选E。39.根据前文“On the other hand, dyscalculics are very good at creative arts. People suffering from dyscalculia can become painters or poets. Dyscalculia does not seem to delay language acquisition. ”（另一方面，计算障碍患者擅长创造性艺术。患有计算障碍的人可以成为画家或诗人。计算障碍似乎不会延迟语言习得。）可知，计算障碍并不意味着智力低下。所以选项F（我们可以看到，计算障碍只是一种学习障碍，而不是智力的普遍表现。）切合文意。故选F。
