1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家课后限时作业(四)限时/40分钟(见课时作业P7).单句语法填空(建议用时：7分钟)1It is a great satisfaction to know that our plans will be put into effect in one month.解析 此处satisfaction为抽象名词具体化，表示“令人满意的事情”，此时可以用不定冠词修饰。2Everybody was alarmed at/by the news that war might break out.解析 句意：大家都因战争可能爆发的消息而恐慌。be alarmed at/by对感
2、到惊恐。3People could hear children singing(sing) merrily out in the street at Christmas.解析 句意：人们能听到他们在外面的街道上欢快地唱歌。此处是hear sb doing sth 结构，现在分词作宾语补足语。4Mr Brown is a tall, elegantly(elegant) dressed man with a moustache.解析 句意：Brown先生是一位衣着讲究、蓄着胡子的高个男士。空处作状语修饰形容词dressed，故用副词。5Its the old ladys desire that
3、all the members of her family (should)_get(get) together at least once a year.6The family was forced to split in half, with her mother accompanying(accompany) her and her father staying at home. 解析 句意：这一家被迫一分为二，她的妈妈陪伴她，而父亲留在家里。此处为with的复合结构，her mother与accompany为主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。7The project is certai
4、nly good for the old people, but it remains to_be_seen(see) whether they will benefit from it.解析 句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是由whether引导的主语从句。remain是一个系动词，其后常用不定式结构表“有待做”；see与it之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用不定式的被动语态表将来。8We wont start the work until all the preparations have_been_made(make)解析 在时间状语从句中，应用现在完成时代替将来完成时；make与prep
5、arations之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。9Her good grades are the envy of the whole class.解析 句意：她的好成绩令全班同学羡慕。be the envy of成为羡慕(或忌妒)的对象。10It is obvious that people call failure a ladder of success because you need to climb it in order to get somewhere.解析 本句为“It beadj.that”结构，it作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。.阅读理解(建议用时：14分钟)A
6、Someone recently put the question to me, which is the most “human” machine I own. This got me thinking: After all we use machines every day in our modern life.It took me a long time to consider this, about five seconds actually, and the answer? I blame my mother.My father was a mechanic(技工) before h
7、e retired. My mother was a homemaker and a terrific cook, but mechanically challenged. She perfected learned helplessness. Whenever anything mechanical went wrong, she asked my father for help. Unfortunately, this learned helplessness was passed on to me. I unconsciously accepted the fact that women
8、 called for men to fix things, and men fixed things. It was one of the basic laws of nature. Then I married a man, who, like my father, was in my eyes, a mechanical genius. It was the normal thing for me to yell out “Peter, the oven wont go！” Then he would walk in and in a short time the oven would
9、then happily run along doing its job.Today, machines know things. They have a sense of who is using them. They can tell the difference from a woman carefully lifting it out of the cupboard and onto a tidy bench to use, and a man pulling it off the shelf and throwing it down somewhere. And they will
10、not work for a woman.I have had so many experiences with machines, where I tried to use something, and it sat there, showing passive resistance(反抗), not talking, just refusing to turn on. If you are a woman, how many times has the man in your life come to “fix” a machine, only to find that it works
11、perfectly the first time he tries it? Frequently, I am sure.So, after this rather lengthy(冗长的) explanation I have to say that I do not own any “soulful” or “humanlike” machines. I am the product of my parenting, and have gradually developed the necessary female art of learned helplessness, and I bla
12、me my mother for this.语篇导读本文为记叙文，作者以自己和父母为例告诉我们，女性基本都有“习得性无助”，在机器方面都求助于男性。1What would the author do when a machine went wrong?ALeave it alone.BCall her husband for help.CHelp her husband to fix it.DManage to repair it by herself.解析 B细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句可知，作者使用的机器出毛病时，她会习惯性求助自己的丈夫，故选B项。2To whom does the a
13、uthor owe her learned helplessness in terms of machinery?AHer mother. BHer husband.CHer teacher. DHer father.解析 A细节理解题。根据第三段第五句和文章最后一句可知，作者把自己面对机器故障时的“习得性无助”归咎于她的母亲，故选A项。3Which of the following is the best title for the passage?AStupid Machines BSoulful MachinesCSpecial Machines DSmart Machines解析 B标
14、题归纳题。作者通过自己的事例表明像她这样的女性面对机器故障时，普遍都有习得性无助这种问题，因而作者觉得自己没有所谓的有灵性的、人性化的机器，B项为最佳标题，故选B项。BThere is an old joke among pilots that says the ideal flight crew is a computer, a pilot and a dog. The computers job is to fly the plane. The pilot is there to feed the dog. And the dogs job is to bite the pilot if
15、he tries to touch the computer.Handing complex tasks to computers is not new. But recent progress in machine learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI), has enabled computers to handle many problems which were previously beyond them. The result has been an AI boom, with computers moving in
16、to everything from medical diagnosis and insurance to selfdriving cars.There is a problem, though. Machine learning works by giving computers the ability to train themselves, which adapts their programming to the task at hand. People struggle to understand exactly how those selfwritten programs do w
17、hat they do. When algorithms(计算机程序) are doing small tasks, such as playing chess or recommending a film to watch, this “black box” problem can be safely ignored. When they are deciding who gets a loan, or how to drive a car through a crowded city, it is potentially harmful. And when things go wrong,
18、 then customers, regulators and the courts will want to know why.For some people this is a reason to hold back AI. Frances digitaleconomy minister, Mounir Mahjoubi, has said that the government should not use any algorithm whose decisions cannot be explained. But that is an overreaction. The difficu
19、lties caused by clever computers are not unheardof. Society already has plenty of experience dealing with problematic black boxes; the most common are called human beings, who cant even figure out whats going on in a brain. In response to the weakness in humans, society has evolved(逐步形成) a series of
20、 workable coping mechanisms, called laws, rules and regulations. Many of these can be applied to machines as well.Humans have worked with computers on complex tasks for decades. One lesson from such applications is that, wherever possible, people should supervise(监督) the machines. In that joke, pilo
21、ts are vital in case something happens that is beyond the scope of artificial intelligence. As computers spread, companies and governments should ensure the first line of defence is a real person who can overrule the algorithms if necessary.语篇导读本文为说明文。人工智能在日常生活应用中给人们带来很多便利的同时，也存在一些潜在的危险。所以，人们不应该完全依赖
22、它，而应对其加以监管。4Whats the purpose of mentioning the joke in Paragraph 1?ATo make people laugh.BTo foresee future aeroplane industry.CTo introduce the model of aeroplanes.DTo raise peoples awareness of computers performing complex task.解析 D推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要说明了人类不应该完全依赖人工智能。由此可推知，第一段中的笑话是为了增强人们对人工智能执行复杂任务
23、的认识，故选D项。5What has caused the increasing application of computers in various fields?AThe shortage of labor force.BThe rise of artificial intelligence.CThe encouragement of government.DThe development of medical economy.解析 B细节理解题。根据第二段第二、 三句可知，人工智能的兴起是电脑被广泛应用于多种领域的主要原因，故选B项。6Why are some people oppos
24、ed to AI?ABecause black boxes always go wrong.BBecause laws forbid machine learning.CBecause they dont understand how AI works.DBecause computers are trying to replace human beings.解析 C推理判断题。根据第三段内容及第四段第一句可知，一部分人反对使用人工智能，是因为他们不知道人工智能的工作原理，故选C项。7What does the author suggest people do with AI?AStop pa
25、nic and welcome AI.BReduce the usage of algorithms.CSupervise AI wherever possible.DProgram machines by copying their own behavior.解析 C细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，作者建议只要有可能，人们就应该对这些机器进行监管，故选C项。.七选五(建议用时：8分钟)In the age of the keyboard, some people seem to think handwriting lessons are on the way out.Steve Grah
26、am, a literacy professor at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, has been hearing about the death of handwriting for the past fifteen years. 1 He said, “If the results of a survey we have published this year are accurate, it is being taught by about ninety percent of teachers in grades one
27、 to three.”Ninety percent of teachers also say they are required to teach handwriting. 2Professor Graham says one study published this year found that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting. 3 Others teach it for sixty to seventy minutes a day.Many adul
28、ts remember learning that wayby copying letters over and over again. 4 Many experts also think handwriting should not be taught only with itself. Instead, they say it should be used as a way to get students to express ideas. 5AAfter all, that is why we write.BNowadays teachers pay more and more atte
29、ntion to their students writing.CSo is it still being taught?DBut who cares if people know how to write well?EBut studies have yet to answer the question of how well they are teaching it.FTodays thinking is that short periods of practices are better.GHe says some teachers teach handwriting for ten t
30、o fifteen minutes a day.语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了在网络时代学校教授书法的现状。1解析 C顺承关系。根据上文中的the death of handwriting及下文中的it is being taught可知，空处应表示对是否还有人在教学生书法的疑问，故选C项。2解析 E转折关系。根据上文中的If the results ofone to three可知，此处表示对研究结果的进一步分析，且E项中的how well they are teaching it承接空前一句中的teach handwriting，故选E项。3解析 G并列关系。根据空后一句Others tea
31、ch it for sixty to seventy minutes a day可知，空处应介绍一些老师教授书法的时间，故选G项。4解析 F转折关系。根据空前一句中的over and over again可知，此处讲的是学习书法的方法的今昔差异，过去一遍一遍地重复，而今天认为只需短期的练习，故选F项。5解析 A因果关系。空前一句提到学生们应用书法表达想法，A项 (毕竟这正是我们练习书法的原因)紧承前一句，故选A项。.语法填空(建议用时：8分钟)Anyone who has had a longterm disease knows that recovering at home can be l
32、onely. This can be 1._(especial) true of children. They may feel 2._(leave) out. Now, these children may have a hightech friend to help feel less alone. A small robot may help children who are recovering from longterm 3._(ill). The robot like human beings takes their place at school. And their schoo
33、l friends must help carry the robot between classes and place the robot on their desks.Through the robot, a child can hear his or her teachers and friends. He or she can also attend class from wherever they are recoveringwhether at home 4._ from a hospital bed. Dolva, one of the scientists who 5._(b
34、e) concentrating on developing the robot, explains 6._ the robot AV1 works. She says from home, the child uses a tablet or phone to start the robot. 7._(use) the same device, he or she can control the robots movements. Inside the robot, there is a small computer linked 8._ a 4G network. The robot 9.
35、_(equip) with speakers, microphones and cameras, which makes communicating 10._(easy). So its the eyes and the ears and the voices at school.Hopefully AV1 will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class.语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了一种可以帮助患病的孩子减轻孤独感的机器人。1especially解析 考查词性转换。句意：对孩子们来说可能更是如此
36、。空处作状语修饰形容词true，应用副词。2left解析 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们可能会感觉被忽略了。feel作连系动词，leave out(遗漏；忽略)与主语They是动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式作表语。3illness(es)解析 考查词性转换。句意：一个小型机器人可能会帮助那些正从长期患病中恢复的孩子们。longterm为形容词，意为“长期的”，作定语修饰名词。4or解析 考查连词。句意：孩子们无论是在家还是躺在医院的病床上康复，都可以听课。whetheror 无论还是。5are解析 考查时态和主谓一致。who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为scientists，故从句谓语动词应
37、用复数形式；全文主体时态为一般现在时，此处也应用一般现在时。6how解析 考查引导词。空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作状语；根据句意可知，空处表示“方式”，故用how引导。7Using解析 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语can control，且空前无连词，因此空处应用非谓语动词；use与其逻辑主语he or she之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作方式状语。8to/with解析 考查介词。句意：在机器人内部，有一台连接到4G网络的小电脑。be linked to/with与连接。9is equipped解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。be equipped with装配有；主语为robot，谓语应用单数形式；根据全文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时；equip与the robot为动宾关系，应用被动语态。10easier 解析 考查比较等级。空处在定语从句中作makes的宾语补足语，而且本句暗含比较意义，故用形容词的比较级。高考资源网版权所有，侵权必究！
