1、2017年高考英语总动员“七选五”阅读 4.深入浅出七选五是在一段约300词(原文250词左右;选项50词左右)的短文中留出5个空白,要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项,使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。从考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”可以得出以下判断:该题备用选项可分为主旨概括句(文章整体或段落内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和逻辑性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置,例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构,逻辑性句子与上文脱节等。文章结构特点
2、1.描述性结构(主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点,对人物的描述如传记,包括人物身体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就贡献等内容进行描述,因此时间、地点往往是出题重点)2.释义性结构(解释某一理论、学科、事物,主要用例子比喻类比阐述)3.比较性结构(把两个人或事物的功能、特点、优缺点进行对比)4.原因性结构(这种结构主要分析事物的成因,客观的、主观的、直接的、间接的)5.驳斥性结构(这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点,然后对其评论或驳斥,然后分析其优点、缺点、危害性,最后阐明自己的观点)一 主旨概括句主旨概括句是指概括文章主题的句子,或者统领某一段落的句子。做此类题要注意两个方面:1.全文主旨句。
3、注意文章的首段与结尾段,尤其是文章的首段及结尾段的末句,因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式在英语中很常见。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在,如果它不是主题句,可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结”式,如两者均不是,则在文章的其他段落寻找主题句,但仍然不能忽略首段与末段的提示作用。2.段落主旨句。文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落,各段落会依据文章的主题展开,对文章主题的不同方面进行阐述。找出各段的关键词,明确其大意,就容易确定一个段落的主旨句。38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because
4、you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.39 If youve been betrayed,you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a“victim mentality”.At some point in all of our lives,well have our trust tested or violated.相关试题 解题思路 A.Lea
5、rn to really trust yourself.B.It is putting confidence in someone.C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.E.Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relat
6、ionships.G.Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.38.A 根据后句“Havingconfidence in yourself willhelp you make better choicesbecause you can see what thebest outcome would be foryour well-being.”可知此段主要讲述要学会信任自己。可知选 A 项。39.C 根据后句“If youvebeen betrayed,you are thevicti
7、m of your circumstance.”可知此段主要讲述不要认为自己是受害者。故选 C 项。二 过渡性语句过渡性语句的考查主要是从文章结构的角度出题,在文中起到承上启下的行文作用。做此类题需要注意文章的结构,有“总分总”结构,也有“分分总”结构。无论什么样的结构,都需要联结文章的过渡性语句。过渡句通常对上面的内容进行总结,或者以问句的方式或祈使句的方式引出下文。所以,在定位选项时,要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容。Evaluating Sources(来源)of Health InformationMaking good choices about your own health req
8、uires reasonable evaluation.A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information.Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information,how to separate fact from opinion,how to recognize poor reasoning,and how to
9、analyze information and the reliability of sources.71 Go to the original source.Media reports often simplify the results of medical research.Find out for yourself what a study really reported,and determine whether it was based on good science.Think about the type of study.72 Watch for misleading lan
10、guage.Some studies will find that a behavior“contributes to”or is“associated with”an outcome;this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.73 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your common sense.If a report seems too good to be true,p
11、robably it is.Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.74 Evaluate“scientific”statements carefully,and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).75 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration,but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.De
12、veloping the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.相关试题 解题思路 A.Make choices that are right for you.B.The goal of an ad is to sell you something.C.Be sure to work through the critical questions.D.And examine the findings of the
13、 original research.E.Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.F.Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view.G.The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.71.G 根据下面几段中的第一句“G
14、o to the original source.”和“Watch for misleadinglanguage.”和“Use your commonsense.”可知这些都是一些评估健康信息来源的建议。故 G 项符合上下文串联。72.D 本段表示要找到信息最初的来源。要自己去找到原来真正报道的内容,要确认是通过很严肃的方法得到的确定的信息。故 D 项符合上下文串联。73.F 本段的标题是:注意误导性的语言。74.B 75.A 三 逻辑性语句上下文逻辑关系语句是对段落中的细节信息的考查,属于句子与句子间的逻辑顺序的排列。做此类试题要注意文章的语句间的组合,一是要判断语句间的逻辑意义关系:并列、
15、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。二是借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握,因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系:1.承接关系(如so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,as a result等)。2.并列关系(如first,second,third.;firstly,secondly,thirdly.;first,next,then.;in the first place,in the second place.;for one thing,for another thing.;to begin with,t
16、o conclude等)。3.转折关系(如however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,in spite of,at any rate,in any case,whoever,whatever,on the contrary,in contrast,by contrast,in comparison,by comparison,conversely,otherwise等)。4.层递关系(如also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,in addition,whats more,t
17、oo,either,neither,not.but.,not only.but also.等)。5.解释关系(如in other words,namely,that is to say,or rather等)。Unfortunately,weve all been victims of betrayal.Whether weve been stolen from,lied to,misled,or cheated on,there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore,37
18、 Its understandable,but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again,we have some steps you can take to get you there.相关试题 解题思路 A.Learn to really trust yourself.B.It is putting confidence in someone.C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.
19、E.Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G.Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.37.E 该空前面一句“Sometimes peoplesimply cant trustanymore”显然是表示结果的语句,那么后面这
20、句要么是进一步的结果,要么是前面一句的原因。E项的意思是“他们受到严重的伤害,他们不能承受这种事再次发生”,正好是前面语句的原因,因此 E项是最佳答案。通常来说,解答七选五题,我们要遵循以下几个步骤,以求得最大的正确率。1.通读全文,了解文章大意这是一个泛读的过程,目的是了解文章大意,为以后的理解做铺垫。2.分析句型,了解语法构成当我们了解了文章大意后,要明确每一个空是填一个整句子还是半个句子。这一点十分重要,它能够帮助我们迅速确定某些空的选项范围。比如,有一个空的结尾处没有标点符号,后文紧跟着一个句子的后半部分,很显然这时我们需要填的是半个句子,这时便可以在七个选项中找到是半个句子的选项,从
21、而缩小选择范围。3.明确关联关系任何句子都是要么和上文有联系,要么和下文有联系,要么和上下文都有联系,因为一篇文章不仅仅是句子的整合,是有含义的连贯性的。那么怎样确定这种关系呢?(1)根据位置:注意空缺处在文中的位置,当空缺处在段首时,应注意此段首句之后的部分,这是因为文章的每一段往往构成总分结构,这一点在说明文和议论文中体现得尤为明显,而七选五的选题材料往往是说明文和议论文;当空缺处在段中时,则需要看空缺处前后的内容;当空缺处在段末时,则需要看前文的内容,因为这一句最有可能是对整段话的一个总结和概括。当然,以上分析只是主流情形,也有可能出现其他情况,这时需要具体问题具体分析。(2)根据含义:
22、在第一步粗略了解大意的基础上,现在要做的是详细阅读以便明确每一个空的具体关联关系,这时要结合选项同时做(注意在第二步范围缩小的基础上);常见的关联关系有:顺承、转折、因果、并列、举例。最常见的就是根据代词含义,因为如果上文出现了某个名词或概念时,后文再次提及它,往往为了避免重复,会使用代词。例如:后文出现了it,那前文出现的名词一定是可数名词单数或者不可数名词或者是一件事;后文出现了this man,那前文一定要有一句话在说这个人的情况,后文才能用this这个代词代指他,等等。其次,根据形容词、副词确定关联关系也比较常见,形容词、副词往往表达了作者对写作的感情色彩,这对我们排除干扰选项十分关键
23、。比如:上文所使用的形容词副词全是褒义词汇,基调阳光积极,后文如果和前文是顺承关系,必然也应该用同样的行文基调。当然,根据其他词汇确定关联关系也都有可能。4.宏观把握,选择最佳答案最后作答时,当我们发现某一个空有两个不同的答案时,我们将其分别代入,选择最佳答案。这一点很简单。5.带入通读,复查做完题目切忌直接离开,这时我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍,将其看做一篇行文通顺语意连贯的文章来读,这时如果感到有含义不连贯的地方,很有可能是我们填错了空,就要复查了。注意:七选五的特点在于,错一道,往往还会错另外的一道或几道,我们叫做“连错”,所以当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时,一定要同时检查其他
24、空。A根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady,gradual increases in the length of the runs.1,buy the best-fitting,best-built running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet,so you have
25、 to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right,walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.2.As always,you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week,do not think about dista
26、nce,but run five minutes longer each day.3,it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week,set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.4.After two weeks,start timing yourself.5.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter,you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks befor
27、e the race.A.After six daysB.For a good marathon runnerC.Before you begin your trainingD.With each day,increase the distance by a half mileE.If they still feel good,you can begin running in themF.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingG.Now you are ready to figure out a goal of imp
28、roving distance and time本文是以如何锻炼马拉松为话题,提到从长期的角度说应该做到精心准备,循序渐进。这样才能达到锻炼的目的。1.C 解析:考查对上下文的理解。上文提到跑马拉松,下文说买一双合脚的鞋子。所以这里应该是之前的准备工作。故选C项。2.E 解析:考查对上下文的理解。上文提到:穿着鞋走走路以确保合适,下文提到跑。所以这里应该说如果穿着的感觉很好,就可以跑了。故选E项。3.A 解析:考查对上下文的理解。上文提到练习的第一周怎么做,下文提到第二周,所以这里应该是练习一周后稍做休息,一周是6天,故选A项。4.D 解析:考查对上下文的理解。这里在讨论逐渐加长跑步的距离,每
29、天增加一定的距离才合理,故选D项。5.G 解析:考查对上下文的理解。最后是提速。在规定的距离内如何训练自己跑得快。这样才能参加比赛。故选G项。B根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。This Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think about something pleasant,especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being un
30、aware of whats happening around them.They can seem forgetful and clumsy.6 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.7 Can you imagine what kind of world we w
31、ould have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First,understand that some opportunities(机会)for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydre
32、ams.8 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming,try to do it while you are involved in another taskpreferably something simple,like taking a shower or walking,or even making meaningless drawings.Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for tho
33、se times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness”,being focused,is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.9 Finally,you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.10 Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actuall
34、y in the clouds.A.Having interesting things to think about also helps.B.They stare off into space and wander by themselves.C.Without wandering minds,we wouldnt have relativity,Coke or Post-it notes.D.At one time,daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.E.It involves slow,steady
35、 breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.F.Daydreams are often very simple and direct,quite unlike sleep dreams,which may be hard to understand.G.Therefore,its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone.文章说明了“白日做梦”现象事实上很有助于创造性
36、思维的开发。6.B 解析:第一段说的是大众印象中的白日做梦有哪些弊端,选项在文章前后句中起到段内逻辑连接的作用。故选B项。7.C 解析:本段话锋一转说到了白日做梦其实有着很多的好处。选项前后依然是顺承关系,故选C项。8.A 解析:本段大意教给人们怎样可以做有意义的白日梦,由上句可知:感到安全和放松能帮助人们进入白日梦,此句也应该是能进入白日梦的类似信息,考虑有意义的事情也能帮助我们进入白日梦中,此处是省略句,省去了you slip intodaydreams,选A项。9.E 解析:本段主要讲如何避免不合时宜的白日做梦,根据上句意思:精力集中是一种防止进入白日梦的工具可以断定,此处也是如何防止进
37、入白日梦,使精力变得集中的信息,本句意思:自我调节呼吸,使呼吸变得缓慢均匀可以帮助人们镇静和精力集中。故选E项。10.G 解析:本选项中有逻辑词therefore可为做题线索之一;前句讲好的想法随时会出现,所以选带个本子随时记,合情合理。故选G项。C根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.11 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what t
38、he future holds.1.CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious.12 Ask kids,“What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?”and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better?What could we try next time?2.CreativityTrue creativity is the ability to
39、take something existing and create something new from it.13 There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3.Interpersonal SkillsUnderstanding how others feel can be a challenge f
40、or kids.We know whats going on inside our own head,but what about others?Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.14“Why do you think shes crying?”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?”“If someone were to do that to you
41、,how would you feel?”4.Self Expression 15 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas music,acting,drawing,building,photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A.Encourage kids to cook with you.B.And we cant forget science education.C.We can give kids chances
42、 to think about materials in new ways.D.So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?E.Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.F.We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.G.Being able to communicate ideas in a meaning
43、ful way is a valuable skill.本文是一篇说明文。作者在本文中提出了如何提高孩子们传统技能的方法。11.D 解析:根据前一句“The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.”未来的工作还没有发明出来,所以我们也不知道它们究竟是什么样子的,更谈不上让我们的孩子为之做好准备。我们能做的就是让我们的孩子练好传统的技能。12.A 解析:根据后一句“What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakeseven better next time?”可知本段讲述的是做饭,这也是
44、一项传统技能。我们要鼓励孩子和我们一起做饭,通过孩子的好奇心来培养这种传统的技能。13.C 解析:根据前一句“True creativity is the ability to take something existing andcreate something new from it.”真正的创造能力是从现存的东西里创造出新的东西的能力。所以我们给孩子机会让他们用新的方法来考虑这些现有的事物,以此来培养他们的创造能力。只有C项符合上下文串联。14.F 解析:根据下面的三个问题“Why do you think shes crying?”“Can you tellhow that man i
45、s feeling by looking at his face?”“If someone were to do that toyou,how would you feel?”可知我们要让孩子来思考为什么别人会有各种行为。以此培养他们理解他人思想的能力,以免错误的判断形势得出错误的结论。所以问一下故事里的有关问题可以培养孩子这方面的能力。F项符合上下文语境。15.G 解析:根据music,acting,drawing,building,photography可知这些都是我们表达自己思想的有效方法,能够让孩子用这些有效的方法进行思想表达也是一种很重要的技巧。我们要培养孩子这方面的能力。故G项符合
46、上下文语境。D根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Tips for Cooking on a Tight ScheduleFrom my experience,there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often:ability,money,and time.16 Money is a topic Ill save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most o
47、f the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:1.Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and theres nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook?Do you have the right ma
48、terials already?17 2.Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal,make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread?18 It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal.3.19 This may surp
49、rise you,but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try,the more ability you have to take control of your food and you
50、r schedule.Hopefully that gives you a good start.20 And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!A.Try new things.B.Ability is easily improved.C.Make three or four instead.D.Understand your food better.E.Cooking is a burden for many people.F.
51、Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.本文是一篇议论文。作者对日程紧张的情况下如何做烹调提出了一些建议。16.B 解析:过渡性语句。要根据每段的细节、依据去看题目。第一段是总的概述。从后面的句子来看,money叙述了,time也叙述了。只有ability没有叙述。又根据前面的句子的说明“From my experience,there are three main reasons why
52、peopledont cook more often:ability,money,and time.”与之有关的只有带有ability这一信息了,所以答案是B项。17.G 解析:第二段的内容是:预先思考。根据此段开头的关键词ahead,可以判断出此段与ahead有关,所以答案为G项。18.C 解析:第三段的内容是使时间有所价值。根据“Are you making one loaf ofbread?”这句话,可以判断出要make one loaf of bread,那就是与数量有关,还有后面的句子中的amount(量)的提示,所以应该选C项。19.A 解析:第四段的内容是尝试新的想法。此段的具体
53、内容,特别是“It gives youthe chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite andschedule.The more you learn and the more you try,the more ability you have to takecontrol of your food and your schedule.”这两句,提到了new ideas和try,可以判断出与new有关,所以选A项。20.F 解析:概括性语句:第五段是全文的总结。根据最后一句“And dont let abusy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eatand live.”可以判断出此项与live有关。所以选F项。
