1、2016届高考英语一轮复习精品资料(译林牛津版)模块三Unit 3 (自主篇)Unit 3 Back to the past一、重点词汇熟记下列单词found vt. 兴建，创建pour vi. 涌流，倾泻 vt. 倒出（液体）erupt vi. (火山等)爆发flee (fled, fled) vt. & vi. 逃避，逃跑；迅速离开ruin n. 废墟；毁坏 vt. 破坏，毁坏bomb vt. 轰炸 n. 炸弹complain vi. 抱怨 destroy vt. 毁坏，摧毁march vi. & n. 前进，进发；游行corrupt vt. 使腐化，使堕落adj. 贪污的，腐败的lect
2、ure n. 讲座volcano n. 火山ash n. 灰，灰烬mud n. 泥浆，烂泥true-to-life adj. 逼真的disaster n. 灾难commercial adj. 商业的，贸易的sandstorm n. 沙尘暴，风沙scholar n. 学者institute n. (教育或其他专业)机构，研究所beneath prep. 在之下pot n. 罐，壶material n. 材料；物质 adj. 物质的document n. 文献，文件nearby adv. & adj. 在附近(的)extreme adj. 极度的；极端的bone n. 骨骼，骨头wooden ad
3、j. 木制的leather n. 皮革的god n. 神，神灵audience n. 观众，听众cave n. 洞穴ceremony n. 仪式，典礼republic n. 共和国；共和政体chairman n. 主席harbor (harbour)n. 港口navy n. 海军，海军部队airfield n.(军用)机场aircraft n. 飞机carrier n. 航空母舰，运输设备；运输公司stature n. 雕塑，雕像troop n. 士兵；军队，部队glory n. 辉煌；荣耀，光荣ahead adv.（时间、空间）在前面；提前，预先；领先vast adj. 辽阔的；巨大的；大量
4、的salary n. 薪金，薪水basis n. 基础；基准；原因court n. 法院，法庭；球场；宫庭词性(词形)变化remains n遗物，遗迹，遗骸remainv遗留，剩余；继续存在remainingadj.剩余的unfortunate adj.不幸的，遗憾的unfortunately adv.不幸地，倒霉地；令人遗憾地fortunate adj.幸运的fortunately adv.幸运地explode vi.爆炸explosionn爆炸(声)；爆发explosiveadj.易爆炸的；爆炸性的memorial n.纪念碑，纪念馆 adj. 纪念的memory n.纪念，记忆 memo
5、rize v. 纪念，记忆historical adj.历史的；与历史研究相关的historyn.历史wealthy adj.富有的；富裕的wealth n财富；钱财；财产 educate v. 教育education n教育declare v.宣布，宣称declaration n宣布；宣告；声明 cultural adj.文化的culture n文化aware adj.意识到，察觉到的awareness n意识 poison n毒药(物) v.毒害，下毒poisonous adj.有毒的gradually adv.渐渐地，逐渐地gradual adj.逐渐的 powerful adj. 强有
6、力的power n.动力，权力decorate vt.装饰，装潢decoration n. 装饰，装潢 researcher n.研究者，调查者research v.研究expression n.表达；表情，神色express v.表达 civilization n.文明civilize v.使文明sailor n.水手，海员sail v.航海，航行 judge n.法官，审判员；裁判员judgment n.判断trial n. 审讯，审理；试验；考验try n. & v.试试 solution n. 解决办法，解答solve v.解决短语英语汉语意义英语汉语意义take over夺取；接管s
7、tand in ones path阻碍(某人)turn out结果是have enough of受够了，对感到厌烦in memory of纪念set sail for启航去某地no doubt无疑，确实make sb. aware of sth使某人明白by the age of到年龄/岁数时为止take sb. to court把某人送上法庭come down (with)患(病)，下降in good condition状况良好be buried alive被活埋for centuries to come在此后的几个世纪be decorated with装饰着in many cases在很多
8、情况下on board在船上(飞机上或火车上)approach the truth探求真理rise up against起义，反抗attend a lecture听报告/讲座含重点词汇的教材原句(划线部分)1.【教材原句】.the volcano erupted and lava，ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside.(P42)火山喷发，熔岩、灰和岩石从中大量涌出，进入周围的乡村。2.【教材原句】A scholar from the local cultural institute, Professor
9、Zhang, told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom. (P43)当地文化研究所的学者张教授告诉我们，大约在1900年，欧洲探险家斯文海定发现了楼兰王国的遗址。3.【教材原句】Sven found the remains of building buried beneath the sand, together with a lot of treasures, including coins, painted pot
10、s, material such as silk, documents and wall paintings. (P43)斯文发现了埋藏于沙下的建筑遗迹以及许多宝藏，包括钱币、带有图画的壶、像丝绸这样的布料、文献以及壁画。4.【教材原句】Then，on 24 August，the mountainexploded，.(P45)然后，在8月24日，这座山爆炸了，5.【教材原句】One complained that the room was not clean and that it was not very comfortable either.(P49)一个学生抱怨说房间不干净而且也不舒适。
11、6.【教材原句】The next day, US President Franklin Roosevelt declared war against Japan.(P55)第二天美国总统富兰克林罗斯福对日宣战。7.【教材原句】When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Greats influence. (P58)当被问及这个来自遥远的希腊的雕像如何出
12、现在中国时，研究者解释说毫无疑问这是由于受亚历山大大帝的影响。8.【教材原句】By the age of thirty, he had already occupied more land than anyone before, and it seemed that more glory was waiting ahead of him. (P58)在30岁时，他已经占领了比以前任何人都多的土地，并且看起来，更大的荣耀正在前方等着他。9.【教材原句】In many cases, his questions made his students aware of their own errors.
13、 (P59)在很多情况下，他的问题让学生们意识到自己的错误。10.【教材原句】At his trial, he defended himself by asking his judges yet more questions. (P59)在审判中，他通过向法官提更多的问题来为自己辩护。11.【教材原句】In 89 BC, the Romans took over Pompeii. (P42) 公元前89年，罗马人占据了庞贝。12.【教材原句】It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the cit
14、y, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving spaces in the ash. (P43)原来火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。13.【教材原句】When describing a picture，do not point out every detail.(P54)当描述一幅图画时，不要指出每一个细节。14.【教材原句】In memory of the Americans who died in the attack, a national m
15、emorial was built in Pearl Harbor just above the remains of the Arizona. (P55)为了纪念在此次袭击中死去的美国人，在珍珠港“亚利桑那号”的遗迹上建立了国家纪念馆。15.【教材原句】By the age of thirty, hehad already occupied more land than anyone before. (P58)三十岁的时候，他已经占领的疆域比以前任何人的都大。16.【教材原句】Yet, in 323 BC, he came down with a fever and died.(P58)可是
16、，公元前323年，他发烧病倒，不治身亡。二、经典句型考点-1.介词短语做地点状语放在句首引起句子倒装的句型【教材原句】Near the city was a volcano.(P42) 靠近这个城市是一座火山。考点-2.so 表示“也”放在句首的句型【教材原句】Many people were buried alive, and so was the city. (P42)许多人被活埋了，城市也被埋了。考点-3. as的用法【教材原句】Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago.（P42）现在我
17、见到了罗马古城庞贝，它就跟两千年前一模一样。考点-5.It seems/seemed that句型【教材原句】It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of the entire world.(P58)似乎没有什么能够阻止他控制整个世界。三、语法自主复习复习本单元的Grammar and usage：宾语补足语和主谓一致 。宾语补足语在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的身份、状态等特征，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。宾语加上宾语补足语又称作复合宾语。 2.形容词和副词作宾补
18、形容词作宾补时主要用于表示宾语所处的状态或某一动作的结果，常接形容词作宾补的动词多为表示“认为，看待”等的动词(如believe，prove，consider等)。The facts proved his accusation wrong.事实证明他的指责是错误的。某些副词可用于及物动词或介词with和without后作宾补，作宾补的副词多用于表示动作或动作的方向等。我去了她的房间，却发现她不在。I went to her room only to find her out.3.分词(短语)作宾补现在分词(短语)作宾补通常用于感官动词、使役动词或介词with，without等之后；作宾补的现在
19、分词(短语)一般表示主动与进行，即宾语是分词(短语)所表示的动作的执行者，且该动作正在进行。不好意思让您久等了。I am so sorry to have kept you waiting so long a time.我发现那些学生非常努力。I found those students studying very hard. 4.动词不定式(短语)作宾补动词不定式(短语)作宾补通常表示具体的动作。动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于表示“愿望，喜好，要求，命令，请求”等的动词(hope，demand除外)及介词with之后，此时动词不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之后。她要我
20、在她不在时接电话。She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.我宁愿他不来。I prefer him not to come.动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于let，make，have等使役动词(get除外)之后，此时动词不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，且不定式符合to须去掉。那位老师不让他的学生在学校做家庭作业。The teacher doesnt make his students do homework at school.动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于see，hear，watch，notice，feel等感官动
21、词后，此时不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常已经完成，且不定式符号to须去掉。我听见有人敲了三次门。I heard someone knock at the door three times.动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于动词help后时，不定式符号to可省去。 分词(短语)与不定式(短语)作宾补的区别：现在分词(短语)作宾补时，宾语在逻辑上是分词(短语)所表示的动作的执行者；过去分词(短语)作宾补时，宾语在逻辑上是分词(短语)所表示的动作的承受者；不定式作宾语补足语，宾语也往往是不定式的逻辑主语，该不定式与宾语之间存在主谓关系，一般为待发生的动作。在某些感官动作如feel，hear，see，wat
22、ch，notice，observe等或使役动词如have，let，make等后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。I heard a girl singing upstairs.我听见一个女孩正在楼上唱歌。(表示一个正在进行的主动动作)I heard the song sung.我听见有人唱过这首歌。(表示一个完成的被动动作)I told Tom to join the club，but he wouldnt listen.我告诉汤姆让他加入俱乐部，但他不听。(表示一个要发生的动作)I heard a girl sing upstairs.我听到一个女孩在楼上唱歌。(表示一个完整的动作) 6.介词wi
23、th可以跟复合宾语，这一结构通常在句中作状语或定语。它的常见构成：with宾语介词短语手里拿着试卷，老师走出了教室。With some papers in his hand，the teacher came out of the classroom.with宾语动词的ing形式在亚洲的有些地区，你不准坐着把脚对准别人。In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.with宾语过去分词凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)The murderer was brought in，wit
24、h his hands tied behind his back.with宾语不定式因为要解决这个问题，我们召开了一个会议。(表原因)With the matter to be settled，we held a meeting. with宾语副词亮着灯的教室是我们的机房。(作定语)The classroom with the lights on is our computer room.with宾语名词中华人民共和国成立于1949年，首都是北京。The PRC was founded in 1949，with Beijing its capital.主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动
25、词必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。一、语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。他父亲正在农场工作。His father is working on the farm.学好英语不容易。To study English well is not easy.在太阳底下看书对你的眼睛有害。Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
26、他所说的对我们都很重要。What he said is very important for us all.两个小时前孩子们在教室。The children were in the classroom two hours ago.注意：由what，who引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。What I say is helpful to you.What I bought were three English books.两个不定式结构或动名词短语作主语时，如果是两个概念，用复数形式；如果是一个
27、问题的两个方面，用单数形式。Going shopping and working out in the gym are what she does in her spare time.她空闲时间都去购物和体育馆锻炼。Where and when to hold the sports meet hasnt been decided.在哪儿和什么时间开运动会还没有决定。Early to rise and early to bed is good for our health.早起早睡对我们的健康有好处。 注意：若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。那位作家兼艺术
28、家已经到了。The writer and artist has come.由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no，each，every，more than a(an)，many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。每个学生和每位老师都在教室里。Every student and every teacher was in the classroom.没有哪个男孩或女孩喜欢它。No boy and no girl likes it.3.主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，along with，except，but，like，as well as，rat
29、her than，more than，no less than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。格林先生和妻子孩子一起来到了中国。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children，has come to China.除了杰克和迈克，没有人在操场上。Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.像你和汤姆一样，她也很高。She, like you and Tom, is very tall.注意：在口语中当either或neither后
30、跟有“of复数名词(或代词)”作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。这两篇文章都很没趣。Neither of the texts is(are)interesting.若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。我们没有人去过美国。None of us has(have)been to America.5.在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。他是我那些努力工作的朋友中的一个。He is one of my friends who are working h
31、ard.他是我唯一努力工作的朋友。He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.6.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，谓语动词用单数；如果指集体中的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这类词有family，class，crowd，committee，population，audience，public，board，class，team，group，company，crew，enemy，government，herd，jury，party等。Class Four is on the third floor.四班在三楼。四班学生在选班长的事情上没能达
32、成一致。Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注意：people，police，cattle，youth等名词一般都用作复数。警察正在寻找丢失的孩子。The police are looking for the lost child.The rest of the lecture is wonderful.讲座剩余的部分很精彩。50% of the students in our class are girls.我们班50%的学生是女生。注意：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“的数量
33、”，主语是number，谓语用单数。失业人数已经达到五百万。The number of unemployment has reached five million.最近有很多工人辞掉了工作。A number of workers have recently left the company.8.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。公共汽车来了。There comes the bus.墙上有很多照片。On the wall are many pictures.结果就是这样。Such is the result.事实就是如此。Such are the facts.二、逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑
34、意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数)1.what，who，which，any，more，all等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思来决定。一切顺利。All is going well.所有的人都去了北京。All have gone to Beijing.3.若主语是以复数形式结尾的书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。一千零一夜是一本有趣的故事书。The Arabian Nights is an interesting storybook.4. 表数量的短语“one and a half
35、”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数。桌子上剩下一个半苹果。One and a half apples is(are)left on the table.5. 算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。十二加八是二十。Twelve plus eight is twenty.五十六被八除是七。Fiftysix divided by eight is seven.6.一些学科名词是以ics结尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics以及news等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
36、我认为物理不好学。I think physics isnt easy to study.8. “定冠词the形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数；表示某一个人时，谓语动词用单数。年轻人多半有雄心。The young are mostly ambitious.昨天路上发生了一起事故，一个人受伤了。伤者很快被送到医院。Yesterday an accident happened on the road and a person was injured. The injured was rushed to hospital.注意：有个别的“the形容词”结构既表示单数意义，也表示复数意义，
37、若用作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数需视情况而定。如：the good指“好人”时表复数意义，指“善”时表单数意义；the accused指一名被告时表单数意义，指多名被告时表复数意义。比较：The beautiful is not always the good，and the good is not always the true.美未必是善，善未必是真。The accused was acquitted of the charge.被告被宣告无罪。(指一人)The accused were acquitted of the charge.被告均被宣告无罪。(指多人)三、就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致2.there be句型中，be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。房间里有两把椅子一张桌子。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.注意：here引导的句子用法同上。
