1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家北京市崇文区2015高考英语阅读理解一轮基础训练（11）及答案阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。My father was a foreman of a sugar-cane plantation in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico. My first job was to drive the oxen（牛） that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a d
2、ay, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks.It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. Ive never been late for any job since. I
3、also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for. More important, I earned my pay; it never entered my mind to say I was sick just because I didnt want to work.I was only six years old, but I was doing a mans job. Our family needed every dollar we could make because my fat
4、her never earned more than $ 18 a week. Our home was a three-room wood shack with a dirty floor and no toilet. Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother, father, two brothers and three sisters. This gave me self-esteem(自尊心), one of the most important things a person can have
5、. When I was seven, I got work at a golf course near our house. My job was to stand down the fairway and spot the balls as they landed, so the golfers could find them. Losing a ball meant you were fired, so I never missed one. Some nights I would lie in bed and dreamt of making thousands of dollars
6、by playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle. The more I dreamed, the more I thought. Why not? I made my first golf club out of guava limb(番石榴树枝) and a piece of pipe. Then I hammered an empty tin can into the shape of a ball. And finally I dug two small holes in the ground and hit the ball back a
7、nd forth. I practiced with the same devotion and intensity. I learned working in the field except now I was driving golf balls with club, not oxen with a broomstick.46. The word “tedious” in Paragraph 2 most probably means _. A. difficult B. boring C. interesting D. unusual47. The writer learned tha
8、t_ from his first job. A. he should work for those who he liked most B. he should work longer than what he was expected C. he should never fail to say hello to his owner D. he should be respectful and faithful to the people he worked for48 _ gave the writer self-esteem. A. Having a family of eight p
9、eople B. Owning his own golf course C. Bringing money back home to help the family D. Helping his father with the work on the plantation49. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. He wanted to be a successful golfer. B. He wanted to run a golf course near his house. C.
10、 He was satisfied with the job he got on a plantation. D. He wanted to make money by guiding oxen with a broomstick.参考答案-46-49、 BDCA 阅读理解In Stockholm, the Swedish Academy has chosen the British author Doris Lessing for the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature.The selection of Doris Lessing for a Nobel was
11、 popular among the hundreds of journalists gathered for the announcement in Stockholm.Permanent Secretary of the Swedish Academy Horace Engdahl said with skepticism, fire and visionary power Lessing has subjected a divided civilization to scrutiny.Doris Lessing was born in 1919 in Persia - modern-da
12、y Iran - to British parents, moving as a child with her family to southern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, where she stayed in school only to the age of 14.A year after moving to London, she published her first novel in 1950. The Grass is Singing examines unbridgeable racial conflict in colonial Africa thro
13、ugh the eyes of a white farmers wife and her black servant.A member of the British Communist Party during the 1950s and a campaigner against nuclear arms and South African apartheid, Lessing was for years banned from that country and from Rhodesia.Her literary breakthrough came in 1962 with publicat
14、ion of The Golden Notebook, seen by many, though not necessarily Lessing, as a pioneering work of modern feminism. A disjointed study of the mind of the main character, Anna Wulf, the novel explores her thoughts about Africa, politics and communism, relationships with men and sex, and Jungian analys
15、is and dream interpretation.Lessings themes shifted to psychology in her works from the 1960s, and by the 1970s she was fascinated with the Islamic mystic tradition of Sufism. Her turn toward science fiction with the Canopus series in the early 1980s was not warmly received by traditionalist critics
16、, but she has continued to win new readers and numerous literary awards, including the David Cohen British Literary Prize and the Companion of Honour from the Royal Society of Literature, both in 2001.Following the announcement, the Horace Engdahl told VOA why he was personally so pleased with Lessi
17、ngs selection.She is one of the truly great writers - of novels, short stories, fiction and non-fiction, Engdahl said. She is one of the few writers who have had the courage to uphold the principle of equality between the male and female experience, and she has given the impulse to numbers of other
18、women writers. And she is really the mother of a school that is one of the most important in our contemporary literature.At 87, Doris lessing is the oldest Nobel Literature laureate since the first prizes were awarded in 1901. Each Nobel Prize is this year accompanied by a check for approximately $1
19、.4 million.6. How old was Doris Lessing when she published her first novel?A. 14 B. 26 C. 31 D. 507. Which of the following about The Grass is Singing is true? A. It is mainly about racial conflict between the whites and the blacks in the US. B. The main characters are a white farmers wife and her b
20、lack servant. C. It was published in Africa. D. It was Doris Lessings most famous novel.8. We can infer from the passage that _. A. Journalists are very interested in the election of Doris Lessings for Nobel Prize.B. Doris Lessing regard The Golden Notes as a pioneering work of feminism.C. Doris Les
21、sing has written about many different subjects.D. Many writers have the courage to stick to the equality between the male and female experience.9 The underlined word school in the last paragraph but one means_.A. institution for educating children B. college or university C. department of a universi
22、ty D. group of writers, thinkers10. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?A. Doris Lessing wins Nobel Prize for literatureB. The greatest British female writerC. The oldest Nobel Prize winnerD. 2007 Nobel Prize announced in Stockholm 全解全析本文主要讲述了英国的Doris Lessing获得了2007诺贝尔文学奖。C
23、细节理解题。根据第四段第1句和第五段第1句可知。B 细节理解题。第五段第2句可知。C 推理判断题。从文章第七、八段内容可知。D 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段，可以推测出school的意思。A 主旨大意题。这是新闻报道，从第一段的第一句可知。阅读理解-CCharles Dickens (1812-1870), the great nineteenth century English novelist, was born near Portsmouth. His father ran heavily into debt and when he was twelve, he had to go and
24、 work in a factory for making boot polish. The only formal education he received was a two-year schooling at a school for poor children. In fact, he had to teach himself all he knew. He worked for a time as junior clerk in a lawyers office. After that, he worked as a reporter in the law courts, and
25、later in parliament, for London newspapers. His career as a writer of fiction began in 1833 with short stories and essays in periodicals, and in 1837 his comic novel The Pickwick Papers made him the most popular author at his time in England.He was a great observer of people and their places because
26、 he was attracted by life and conditions in mid-nineteenth century London. He wrote 19 novels all his life and in many of them, Dickens gave a realistic picture of all classes of England society, showing deep sympathy for the poor and unfortunate, exposing the injustice and inhumanity of the bourgeo
27、isie.Many of his novels like Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Nicholas Nickleby, Great Expectations, A Tale of Two Cities and so on drew attention to the unsatisfactory social conditions that existed in England over a hundred years ago.Dickens criticized capitalist society from the point of view of
28、bourgeois humanism. He wished to see improvement in the living conditions of the poor, but failed to find any effective means to achieve that end.11. Dickens only received a little formal education because_.A. he wanted to teach himselfB. he wanted to work and made a lot of money C. he was too poor
29、to afford any more formal educationD. he wanted some working experiences to be a novelist12. According to Dickens, the society at his time in England was_. A. just B. poor C. comfortable D. unsatisfying13. Which of the following novel made Dickens the most popular writer at his time in England?A. Ol
30、iver TwistB. The Pickwick PapersC. A Tale of Two CitiesD. Great Expectations14. According to the passage, which of the following about Dickens is true?A. He didnt go to school at all. B. He only wrote about poor people and showed deep sympathy for them.C. He began to write fictions when he was 21 ye
31、ars old.D. He found some effective ways to improve the living conditions of the poor.15. It can be inferred from the passage that_.A. Dickens had a miserable childhood B. Dickens tried many different jobs before he became a professional writerC. Dickens wrote many novels but only some of them are po
32、pularD. Dickens criticized capitalist society and helped to improve the living conditions of the poor 全解全析 本文介绍了狄更斯的生平和主要著作。C 推理判断题。由文章第一段的第二句得知。D 推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段的最后一句(the unsatisfactory social conditions that existed in England over a hundred years ago)得知。B事实细节题。由第一段的最后一句可知。C事实细节题。由第一段的第一句和最后一句可知。A推
33、理判断题。由文章第一段可知。阅读理解The main reason people come to America is said to be that they can chase the American Dream.Everyone has heard of it，and many have died fighting for it.The only thing is that there is no clear definition of the American Dream.It is not defined by one dream，but all the opportunities
34、 that the United States has to offer.Since the founding of the United States，people have been striving to define the American Dream.In the play Death of a Salesman，every character is trying to realize his own version of the American Dream.Willy feels that by being well liked he has achieved what the
35、 American Dream is all about.He has spent his whole life as a salesman who has not been very successful.As he gets older，he starts having conflicts with everyone in his life，and feels that only by killing himself will the people around him be able to finally be happy.Bernard，on the other hand，feels
36、that the American Dream can only be achieved if one has been successful in their academic and professional careers.He shows that through hard work and dedication，success can be accomplished.He reached his professional goals and achieved his version of the American Dream.Throughout the play these fee
37、lings are shown through the dialogue and actions of the characters.They try to achieve their goals of the American Dream.Willy is unsuccessful in his attempt，while Bernard is very successful in achieving his goal.Many people try to achieve the American Dream，but few actually do so.As with any goal，t
38、he American Dream takes hard work and dedication.In Death of a Salesman，all aspects of this goal are examined.For the goal to be achieved，the dream must be an attainable one which is worth working toward.It also must be a dream that the professional world accepts and finds useful.Note：长短句分析：As he ge
39、ts older，he starts having conflicts with everyone in his life，and feels that only by killing himself will the people around him be able to finally be happy.句法点睛：这是个主从复合句。As he gets older为状语从句，he starts having conflicts with everyone in his life，and feels.为主句；only by killing himself will the people a
40、round him be able to finally be happy为宾语从句，该句使用的是倒装语序。句意：随着年龄的增长，他开始和生活中的每个人发生冲突，并且觉得唯有自杀才能够让周围的人最终快乐起来。【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文，通过评论剧本推销员之死来诠释“美国梦”。 1The first paragraph mainly tells us _.Areasons for coming to AmericaBsomething about the United StatesCsomething about the American DreamDthe definition of th
41、e American Dream 答案C主旨大意题。第一段总体指出了“美国梦”的一些情况，而并非是为“美国梦”下定义，故选C。2The underlined word “striving” probably has the same meaning as _.Atrying hard Bgiving upCbending down Dstanding still答案A词义猜测题。根据本段对“美国梦”的简要介绍以及接下来通过推销员之死对“美国梦”的诠释可知，作者想告诉我们，从一开始人们就在努力实现“美国梦”，因此strive应该是与try hard同义的。3According to the te
42、xt，Death of a Salesman tries to tell us _.Awhy Willy decides to kill himselfBwhat the American Dream is likeCabout Bernards dedication to AmericaDthe life stories of Willy and Bernard 答案B推理判断题。根据第二、三、四段对推销员之死的评论和作者在第五段的总结可推知，推销员之死给出了两种“美国梦”的例子，实际是要告诉我们“美国梦”应该是什么样的，故选B项。4What would be the CORRECT str
43、ucture of the text?答案B推理判断题。第一段总体指出了“美国梦”的情况，而二、三、四段以推销员之死为例分析了对“美国梦”的两种理解，最后一段则是总结，所以整篇文章的结构是“总分总”，故选B项。议论文的阅读阅读下列文章，按要求完成读写任务Healthy knees arent the main consideration in choosing high heels，but new research says chunky heels are just as bad for the knees as spindly stilettos(细高跟鞋)“It takes a long
44、 time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis (骨关节炎)and once you do it，it is too late，” said Dr.Casey Kerrigan，leading researcher of the study and associate professor at Harvard Medical Schools department of physical medicine.“I compare it to smokingone cigarette is not painful，but over a lifetim
45、e it is.Wideheeled shoes feel comfortable，so women wear them all day long，” Kerrigan said.“They are better for your feet than stiletto heels，but just as bad for your knees.”In the study，researchers had twenty women wear two pairs of shoes with threeinch heels，one with a narrow heel and the other wit
46、h a thick one.The scientists compared how much pressure was put on the womens knees by both types of shoes.The women also walked barefoot to test normal pressure.The scientists found that both types of shoes applied equal amounts of pressure to the knees.Compared with walking barefoot，the heels incr
47、eased pressure on the inside of the knee by 26 percent.Increased pressure on the knee eventually leads to arthritis，experts say.The idea that high heels are bad for your health isnt newscientists have warned women for years that they contribute to problems ranging from corns to hammer toes，tendoniti
48、s，knee pain，sprained(扭伤)ankles and back problems.But in 1998，Kerrigan and a team of Harvard researchers were the first to link high heels and knee osteoarthritis，a painful joint disease that destroys cartilage(软骨)surrounding the knee.The first study looked only at stiletto heels，and Kerrigan said sh
49、e wanted to study the chunky highheeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.“This study confirms what we all intuitively(直觉地)know that highheeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health，” said Dr.Glem Pfeffer，a San Francisco doctor and member of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons wh
50、o was not connected to the study.根据短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要_ _.根据所读短文，选择最佳选项1We learn from the passage that women choose chunky heels because _.Athey want to walk comfortably Bchunky heeled shoes are cheaper than stiletto heeled pairsCchunky heels do less harm to kneesDchunky heels are not painful at all2The
51、study mentioned in the second paragraph found that _.Apressure on the foot is caused by high heelsBthe pressure is abnormal while walking barefootCarthritis is always caused by pressure on the kneesDboth types of shoes have the same harm to the knees3It can be inferred from the passage that _.Apeopl
52、e got to know the high heels are bad for health recentlyBpeople have known the high heels are bad for health for yearsCpeople havent known the high heels are bad for health yetDpeople will be warned that the high heels are bad for health soon4Kerrigans late study looked at the chunky highheeled shoe
53、s because _.Athey feel more comfortableBthey are related to knee osteoarthritisCthey are worn by many womenDthey are different from stiletto heels5The best title for the passage may be _.ATalking Healthy Knees into ConsiderationBHighheels Do Harm to KneesCChunky Heels and Stiletto HeelsDWhen Wearing
54、 Highheels参考答案【三】The passage discusses the idea that high heels have bad effects on the knees by surveying and showing some facts and the reasons for it，so when choosing high heels we should consider our healthy knees.1解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Wide heeled shoes feel comfortable，so women wear them all day lo
55、ng”可知妇女选择粗高跟鞋是因为粗高跟鞋穿着舒服，A项与此意思相符。答案：A2解析：推理判断题。从第二段中的“The scientists found that both types of shoes applied equal amounts of pressure to the knees.”可知，两种高跟鞋给膝关节带来的压力是等量的，所以它们对膝关节的伤害是一样的。答案：D3解析：细节理解题。根据第三段开头“The idea that high heels are bad for your health isnt newscientists have warned women for y
56、ears that.”可知B项与此一致。答案：B4解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The first study looked only at stiletto heels，and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky high heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.”可见，起初的研究对象只是细高跟鞋，Kerrigan后来对粗高跟鞋进行调查研究是因为她注意到许多妇女穿着粗高跟鞋。答案：C5解析：主旨大意题。本文主要论述了鞋跟粗厚的高跟鞋和鞋跟细高的高跟鞋一样，都对膝关节有损害。所以B选项“高跟鞋伤害膝关节”是最佳选项。答案：B- 11 - 版权所有高考资源网
