1、 Unit 2The United KingdomSection Prereading (Warming Up & Reading)课前预习自测地理之谜人们也许觉得奇怪，为什么用来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家的词语不太一样。但如果你学过英国历史，就能弄清楚这个问题。首先是英格兰。威尔士于13世纪同英格兰联合了起来。如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士总是包括在内的。接着，英格兰、威尔士同苏格兰于17世纪联合了起来，名字就改成了“大不列颠”。令人庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时，这三个国家和平地实现了联合。最后，英国政府打算于20世纪初把爱尔兰也同另
2、外三个国家和平联合起来以形成联合王国。然而，爱尔兰的南部却不愿意而分离出去了，并建立了自己的政府。因此只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰联合起来，而组成了联合王国，这一点从新的联合王国国旗上就可以看得出来。值得赞扬的是，虽然这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作，例如在货币和在国际关系上，但它们在制度上仍存在着很大的区别。例如，北爱尔兰、英格兰和苏格兰在教育体制和立法体制上都存在着差异。在参加像世界杯之类的比赛时，它们有着各自的足球队。在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为了方便，它大致可以划分为三个地区。最靠近法国的那个地区叫做英格兰南部，中部地区叫做英格兰中部，最靠近苏格兰的那个地区叫做英格兰北部
3、。你可以看到英国的大部分人口聚居在南部，而多数大工业城市都位于中部和北部。尽管，英国任何一个城市都不像中国的城市那样大，但是它们都有着自己的享有威名的足球队，有的城市甚至还有两个队。很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。要找历史性建筑你得去更古老的、比较小些的由古罗马人建造的城镇。在那儿你才可能找到更多的有关英国历史和文化的东西。最具历史意义的宝地是伦敦。那儿有博物馆，有艺术珍品、剧院、公园和各种建筑物。它是全国的政治中心。它有公元一世纪由罗马人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格鲁撒克逊人始建于11世纪60年代的最古老的建筑，还有公元1066年由后来的诺曼人统治者建造的最古老的城堡。
4、曾经有四批侵略者到过英国。最早的入侵者是古罗马人，他们留下了他们的城镇和道路。其次是盎格鲁撒克逊人，他们留下了他们的语言和政体。第三是斯堪的纳维亚人，他们对词汇和北部的地名留下了影响；第四是诺曼人，他们留下了城堡和新的食物名称的词语。如果你到英国乡间去看看，你就会找到所有这些入侵者的痕迹。如果想使你的英国之旅不虚此行又有意义，你就必须留心观察。课堂合作探究1.How many countries does the UK consist_of？(教材P9)英国是由几个部分(国家)组成的？consist of 由组成This medical team consists_of/is_made_up_
5、of five doctors and ten nurses.这支医疗队由五名医生和十位护士组成。The beauty of the city consists_in its magnificent buildings.这座城市的美就在于它的那些宏伟的建筑。巧学助记Life mainly consists_of happiness and sorrow while happiness consists_in struggle. Remember that your ideal life is not always consistent_with the reality.生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组
6、成的，而快乐存在于拼搏之中。记住，理想的生活并不总是和现实相一致。【即景活用】一句多译The company _ 18 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.(定语从句)The company _ 18 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.(过去分词作定语)The company _ 18 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.(现在分词作定语)由18家小工厂组成的那家公司正面临着严重的财政
7、危机。答案：which consists ofcomposed of/made up ofconsisting of2England can be divided_into three main areas.(教材P9)英格兰可被分为三个主要的区域。divide . into 把分成He has decided to divide the books between Class 1 and Class 2.他决定把这些书籍分配给一班和二班。He divided the apple into halves and shared them with his sister.他把苹果分成了两半，与他的
8、妹妹分享了。If you divide 20 by 5, youll get 4.如果你用20除以5，你会得到4。辨析：divide, separate【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空All the new students will be divided _ 20 classes, which will be divided _ the teachers.When you divide 9 _ 3, you get 3.答案：into; amongby(2)选词填空(divide, separate)A tall fence _ the two houses.Some of the big o
9、ld houses have been _ into apartments.答案：separatesdivided课文预学检测.FastreadingRead the text quickly and try to write down the main idea.The passage mainly talks about the _ of the United Kingdom.答案：history.CarefulreadingRead the text and choose the best answers.1When were England and Wales linked to Sc
10、otland?AIn the 13th century AD.BWhen Great Britain was formed.CWhen the southern Ireland formed its own government.DWhen King James became King of England and Wales.答案：D2Where do you have to go if you want to find more about British history and culture?AIndustrial cities.BOlder but smaller towns fir
11、st built by the Romans.CThe Midlands of England.DThe North of England.答案：B3Which invaders influenced Londons language most?AAngloSaxons. BRomans.CNormans. DVikings.答案：A4From the passage, we know that _.Aall the four countries share the same educational systemBthe Romans came to England before the An
12、gloSaxonsCit was easy for Northern Ireland to join England, Scotland and WalesDmost of the industries are in the South of England答案：B5How many countries does the UK consist of?ATwo. BThree. CFour. DFive.答案：C课后演练提能基础题.单词拼写1If we all work together, we can _ (完成) our goal.答案：accomplish2If something is
13、done for your _ (便利), it is done in a way that is suitable or useful for you.答案：convenience3The crisis of war_ (使联合) the whole country.答案：united4In the _ (乡村), you can enjoy beautiful views and breathe fresh air.答案：countryside5(2017江苏高考)This complete but brief historical _ (收藏) is certain to enterta
14、in readers young and old.答案：collection6This trail was _ (粗略地；大致上) parallel to the border.答案：roughly7(2017北京高考)Hanna began to speak out about the homelessness in Manitoba and then in other _ (省份)答案：provinces8A _ (全国性的) search for a missing British tourist was going on.答案：nationwide9He studied classic
15、al _ (建筑学) and design in Rome.答案：architecture10The two days we spent there were _ (令人愉快的) but busy.答案：enjoyable.单句语法填空1The football team, _ (consist) of 22 players and 3 coaches, was set up about five years ago.答案：consisting2The novels are divided _ three kinds: historical, romantic and detective.答案
16、：into3The two parties have been trying _ (unite) since the New Year.答案：to unite4After the old king died, his son ruled over the _ (king)答案：kingdom5The government plans to transfer some 30,000 government jobs from Paris to other _ (province)答案：provinces6A new general store has been built for the _ (c
17、onvenient) of the residents. 答案：convenience7It was much _ (enjoyable) than I had expected.答案：more enjoyable8The Nobel Prize is a great credit _ scientists.答案：to9What do you think _ (attraction) people to big cities?答案：attracts10I am _ (willing) to lend him any more money after what happened last tim
18、e.答案：unwilling能力题.阅读理解(2019宁夏回族自治区银川一中高三月考)Welcome to the British Museum, the grandest and the most spectacular of human history. The admission is free and we open every day from 10：00 to 15：30. You can explore 10 departments including：The Department of Africa, Oceania and the AmericasThe collection
19、 of the Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas includes around 350,000 objects. The scope of the collection is contemporary, and historical. It includes most of Africa, the Pacific and Australia, as well as the Americas. All of the collections were got during the nineteenth and twentieth cen
20、turies and date from this time.The Department of AsiaThe Department of Asia covers the material and visual cultures of Asiaa vast geographical area of Japan, Korea, China, Central Asia, Afghanistan, South Asia and Southeast Asia. The collection dates from about 4000 BC to the present day. It represe
21、nts the cultures and ways of life of local people and other minority groups.The Department of Greek and Roman EmpiresThe Department of Greek and Roman Empires features antiquities (古董). It has one of the most comprehensive collections of antiquities from the classical world, with over 100,000 object
22、s. These mostly range in date from the beginning of the Greek Bronze Age (about 3200 BC) to the time of the Roman Emperor Constantine in the fourth century AD.篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了大英博物馆三大核心部门的展品信息。1The scope of the Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas doesnt include _.AAfrica Bthe South Am
23、ericaCAustralia DBritain答案：D细节理解题。由The Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas下的“It includes most of Africa, the Pacific and Australia, as well as the Americas.”可知，英国不包括在内，故选D。2The earliest collection is from _.AThe Department of Africa, Oceania and the AmericasBThe Department of Greek and Ro
24、man EmpiresCThe Department of AsiaDThe Department of the Middle East答案：C细节理解题。根据The Department of Asia下对其展品的来历的描述“The collection dates from about 4000 BC”可知，最早的收藏品来自亚洲部，故选C。3The Department of Asia represents _.Athe geographic features of AsiaBthe life styles and cultural traditions of some peoplesCt
25、he relationships between Asian countriesDthe cultural fights between some native groups答案：B细节理解题。根据The Department of Asia下的“It represents the cultures and ways of life of local people and other minority groups.”可知，亚洲部展示了一些民族的生活方式和文化传统，故选B。1admission n. 准许进入；门票(入场)费2scope n. (处理、研究事务的)范围3comprehensiv
26、e adj. 综合的；广泛的1as well as 也，以及 2.date from 始于.完形填空(2019甘肃省静宁一中高三一模)It was a cool October evening. Excitement and family members _1_ the hall. I was only a 7yearold girl, but I was the center of _2_. Finally, after weeks of preparation, I would _3_ all my hard work in a dance of performance. Everythi
27、ng would be _4_so I thought. I waited backstage all _5_ in my black tights with a golden belt. In a loud and clear voice, the master of ceremonies _6_ that my class was next.My dance class was doing a routine on wooden boxes two feet by two feet, facing the _7_. All I had to do in the next move was
28、to put one foot on the box next to mine and keep my other foot on my box. It really was an _8_ move. I was concentrating so much, _9_ the huge smile on my face and holding my head up that I did not look _10_ I was going. I missed my partners box altogether and _11_.There I was standing on the stage
29、floor when my classmates were on top of their boxes. I could hear giggles (咯咯笑) coming from the audience, and I felt the _12_ rush to my face. I remembered my dance teacher had told us, “If you make a mistake, keep smiling so the audience will not _13_”. I did my best to follow her _14_ as I continu
30、ed with the routine.When the curtain dropped, so did my _15_ for the evening. I _16_ bitterly, tasting the salt from the tears that streamed down my face. I ran backstage, but no one could _17_ me down.Recently I realized I had been a _18_ that night. I was _19_ but I fought the urge to run off the
31、stage. _20_ I finished the routine with a smile on my face. Now when friends and family laugh about the time I slipped during a dance performance, I can laugh too.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者7岁时在一次舞蹈表演时出现失误，从自信到沮丧的思想变化过程。1A.filled Battended Cdecorated Dvisited答案：A本句句意应为“家人们挤满了演出大厅，大厅里充满了兴奋的情绪”，表示“充满，挤满”用fil
32、l。2A.impression Bdebate Cattention Dpressure答案：C根据前一句语境可知，“我”成为大家关注的中心。impression “印象”；debate “争论”；attention “关注”；pressure “压力”，故本题选C项。3A.show off Btake over Cgive up Dlook after答案：A最终，在几周的准备之后，“我”将在一场舞蹈表演中表现“我”辛勤劳动的成果。show off “表现自己”；take over “接管”；give up “放弃”；look after “照看”，故本题选A项。4A.obvious Bre
33、asonable Csuitable Dperfect答案：D根据第16空所在句子的描述可知，作者的这次表演失败了，所以本句句意应为“一切都应该是完美的我是这样认为的”。 obvious “明显的”；reasonable “合乎情理的”；suitable “合适的，适宜的”； perfect “完美的”。D项符合逻辑。5A.mixed up Bdressed up Cfolded up Dcovered up答案：B本句描述了自己的穿戴，所以句意应为“我在后台等候，穿着黑色的紧身衣，扎着金色的腰带”。表示“盛装打扮”用dress up。mix up “混淆”；fold up “折叠”；cove
34、r up “盖住”。6A.explained Bsuggested Cannounced Dpredicted答案：C本句句意应为“典礼的主持人用清晰且洪亮的声音宣布接下来由我们班表演”。表示“宣布”用announce。7A.music Baudience Cstage Dcurtain答案：B演出自然少不了观众，演员们要面对观众表演，所以本句句意应为“我们的舞蹈班成员在一个两英尺见方的箱子上做固定的动作，面向观众”。所以B项正确。8A.active Badventurous Ceasy Dextra答案：C由前一句对“我”在这个舞蹈表演中的动作的描写和后一句描述“我”表演时的镇定、自信可知，
35、本句句意应为“我的动作真的非常简单”，所以C项符合句意。9A.containing Bhiding Csharing Dkeeping答案：D作者在本句中描述了“她”出现失误前的表演，本句句意应为“我脸上带着微笑，高昂着头，注意力如此集中以致我没有看到我的脚伸向了哪里”。表示“保持某种状态”用keep，所以D项正确。10A.why Bwhat Cwhether Dwhere答案：D这里用where 引导状语从句，句意为“我只顾着笑对观众，却没有注意自己的脚下”，故选D项。11A.slipped Bwandered Cskipped Dwaved答案：A由本文最后一句中的“I slipped d
36、uring a dance performance”可知，“我”没踩上同伴的箱子，滑倒了。所以使用slip，故选A项。12A.pride Bpleasure Ctear Dblood答案：D自己的表演出现了失误，肯定非常尴尬，所以本句句意应为“我能够听到观众席上传来的咯咯笑声，我感到脸涨得通红”，故选D项。13A.leave Bcheer Cnotice Dbelieve答案：C一旦出错，保持微笑可以使观众注意不到你的错误，故本题选C项。14A.advice Bgesture Cexample Dplan答案：A由上一句中的“I remembered my dance teacher had
37、told us”和下文“as I continued with the routine”可知，“我”尽力遵循着老师的建议，故选A项。15A.hopes Bvoice Cpatience Ddoubts答案：A根据作者的描述可知，作者本来是想要表现自己的，结果却出现了失误，所以自己的希望落空了，因此本句句意应为“当幕布落下，我的希望也落空了”，故A项符合语境。16A.argued Bshouted Cbegged Dsobbed答案：D由后文的“tasting the salt from the tears”可知，作者哭了，所以本句句意应为“我哭了起来”，故D项正确。17A.turn Bcalm
38、 Clet Dput答案：B根据上文的“I _16_ bitterly”可知，在当时的情境下，没有人能使作者情绪平静下来，所以应该用calm sb. down表示“使平静”。18A.pioneer Bstar Closer Dfool答案：B从最后一段“I finished the routine with a smile on my face”可知，“我”依然按要求完成舞蹈动作，并没有因失误而半途而废。事情过去这么多年后，作者能够回过头来重新审视自己，所以本句句意应为“近来我认识到那天晚上我就是一个明星”。所以B项符合语境。19A.moved Bembarrassed Csatisfied
39、Dconfused答案：B根据前面的叙述可知，作者当时的失误使得自己非常尴尬，所以本句句意应为“我当时很尴尬，但是我克制住了自己冲出舞台的冲动”。所以B项符合句意。20A.Instead BHowever CIn return DIn total答案：A分析上下文逻辑可知，此处表示“我”当时并没有走掉而是坚持到表演结束，所以本句句意应为“相反，我脸上带着微笑完成了整套动作”，故选A项。.短文改错(2019河南郑州一中期中)Im glad to hear that you are coming to Sichuan in August. As is well knowing to all, Si
40、chuan Province is rich in tour attractions. It have many worldfamous places of interest, included Jiuzhaigou and Dujiangyan Irrigation Project. Jiuzhaigou is famous for its beautiful lakes, of that water is clear and looks colourfully. It can excite visitors imagination. Another attraction is the Du
41、jiangyan Irrigation Project. It is built over 2,000 years ago and is still playing important part in irrigation today. Besides, the nice weather and convenient transportation here can make your trip more enjoy. Im sure youll have a good time. Im looking forward to your come.答案：Im glad to hear that y
42、ou are coming to Sichuan in August. As is well to all, Sichuan Province is rich in tour attractions. It many worldfamous places of interest, Jiuzhaigou and Dujiangyan Irrigation Project. Jiuzhaigou is famous for its beautiful lakes, of water is clear and looks . It can excite visitors imagination. A
43、nother attraction is Dujiangyan Irrigation Project. It built over 2,000 years ago and is still playing important part in irrigation today. Besides, the nice weather and convenient transportation here can make your trip more . Im sure youll have a good time.Im looking forward to your .难项分析：第三处：includedincluding考查介词。including为介词，意为“包括”，用于名词/代词前；included为过去分词，用于名词/代词后。故将included改为including。第四处：thatwhich考查关系代词。先行词为lakes，非限制性定语从句由“介词关系词”引导，故用关系代词which。第九处：enjoyenjoyable考查形容词。此处是“make宾语宾补”结构，enjoyable是形容词用作宾补。
