1、北京市丰台区2015高考英语阅读理解、语法填空训练（2）及答案【阅读理解】-(福建卷)Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in the world, yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed (展现) herself as she did nowhere else.After the death of her second husband，Greek ship
2、ping magnate (巨头) Aristotle Onassis lacquelines close friend and former White House social secretary Letitis Baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career (职业) in publishing.After consideration，Jacqueline accepted it.Perhaps she hoped to find there some ideas about how to live her own life.
3、She became not less but more interested in reading.For the last 20 years of her life, Jacqueline worked as a publishers editor, first at Viking，then at Doubleday, pursuing(追求)a latelife career longer than her two marriages combined.During her time in publishing, she was responsible for managing and
4、editing more than 100 successfully marketed books.Among the first books were In the Russian Style and Inventive Paris Clothes.She also succeeded in persuading TV hosts Bill Moyers and Joseph Campbell to transform their popular television conversation into a book ，The Power of Myth.The book went on t
5、o become an international bestseller.She dealt，too with Michael Jackson as he prepared his autobiography(自传)，Moonwalk.Jacqueline may have been hired for her name and for her social relations，but she soon proved her worth.Her choices，suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to
6、 the publishing firms and to Jacqueline herself.In the books she selected for publication，she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind.Her books are the autobiogaphy she never wrote.Her_role_as_First_Lady，in_the_end，was_overshadowed_by_h
7、er_performance_as_an_editor.However，few knew that she had achieved so much. 本文主要讲述Jacqueline在选择了编辑这一职业后所做出的成就。在这一行业里她的光芒甚至压过了她作为第一夫人的头衔。1We can learn from the passage that Jacqueline_.Abecame fond of reading after working as an editorBwas in charge of publishing 100 booksCpromoted her books through
8、social relationsDgained a lot from her career as an editor答案：D。推理判断题。由文章内容可知，在第二任丈夫去世后 ，朋友推荐Jacqueline考虑在出版业谋一职位，没有想到她在此行业取得了成功，即D项正确。2The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that_.AJacqueline ended up as an editor rather than as First LadyBJacquelines life as First Lady was mor
9、e colorful than as an editorCJacqueline was more successful as an editor than as First LadyDJacquelines role as First Lady was more brilliant than as an editor答案：C。句意理解题。解本题的关键在于正确理解overshadow一词。通读全文可知，Jacqueline作为编辑取得了巨大成功，光芒超过了她第一夫人的头衔，故C项正确。3What can be inferred from the passage?AJacquelines two
10、marriages lasted more than 20 years.BJacquelines own publishing firm was set up eventually.CJacquelines views and beliefs were reflected in the books she edited.DJacquelines achievements were widely known.答案：C。推理判断题。由文章最后一段信息“In her books she selected for publication，she built on a lifetime of spend
11、ing time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind.”可知她的一些个人观点在自己编辑的书中有所表露，故C项正确。4The passage is mainly_.Aan introduction of Jacquelines life both as First Lady and as an editorBa brief description of Jacquelines lifelong experiencesCa brief account of Jacquelines career as
12、an editor in her last 20 yearsDan analysis of Jacquelines social relations in publishing答案：C。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述Jacqueline作为编辑所取得的成就，故C项正确。阅读理解课堂练学案Passage Twenty-six (Sensory Evaluation of Food) A Polish proverb claims that fish, to taste right, should three timesin water, in butter and in wine. Th
13、e early efforts of the basic scientists in the food industry were directed at improving the preparation, preservation, and distribution of safe and nutritious food. Our memories of certain foodstuffs eaten during the World War II suggest that, although these might have been safe and nutritious, they
14、 certainly did not taste right nor were they particularly appetizing in appearance or smell. This neglect of the sensory appeal of foods is happily becoming a thing of the past. Bow, in the book “Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food,” the authors hope that it will be useful to food technologists
15、 in industry and also to others engaged in research into problem of sensory evaluation of foods. An attempt has clearly been make to collect every possible piece of information, which might be useful, more than one thousand five hundred references being quoted. As a result, the book seems at first s
16、ight to be an exhaustive and critically useful review of the literature. This it certainly is, but this is by no means is its only achievement, for there are many suggestions for further lines of research, and the discursive passages are crisply provocative of new ideas and new ways of looking at es
17、tablished findings. Of particular interest is the weight given to the psychological aspects of perception, both objectively and subjectively. The relation between stimuli and perception is well covered, and includes a valuable discussion of the uses and disadvantages of the Weber fraction of differe
18、nces. It is interesting to find that in spite of many attempts to separate and define the modalities of taste, nothing better has been achieved than the familiar classification into sweet, sour salty and bitter. Nor is there as yet any clear-cut evidence of the physiological nature of the taste stim
19、ulus. With regard to smell, systems of classification are of little value because of the extraordinary sensitivity of the nose and because the response to the stimulus is so subjective. The authors suggest that a classification based on the size, shape and electronic status of the molecule involved
20、merits further investigation, as does the theoretical proposition that weak physical binding of the stimulant molecule to he receptor site is a necessary part of the mechanism of stimulation. Apart from taste and smell, there are many other components of perception of the sensations from food in the
21、 mouth. The basic modalities of pain, cold, warmth and touch, together with vibration sense, discrimination and localization may all play a part, as, of course, does auditory reception of bone-conducted vibratory stimuli from the teeth when eating crisp or crunchy foods. In this connection the autho
22、rs rightly point out that this type of stimulus requires much more investigation, suggesting that a start might be made by using subjects afflicted with various forms of deafness. It is well-known that extraneous noise may alter discrimination, and the attention of the authors is directed to the wor
23、k of Prof. H. J. Eysenck on the “stimulus hunger” of extroverts and the “stimulus avoidance” of introverts.1. The reviewer uses a Polish proverb at the beginning of the article in order to A. introduce, in an interesting manner, the discussion of food. show the connection between food and nationalit
24、y of food.C. indicate that there are various ways to prepare food.D. impress upon the reader the food value of fish.2. The reviewers appraisal of “Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food” is one of A. mixed feelings. . indifferenceC. high praise. D. faint praise.3. The writer of the article does no
25、t express the view, either directly or by implication, thatA. sharply defined classifications of taste are needed. more research should be done regarding the molecular constituency of food.C. food values are objectively determined by an expert “smeller”.D. temperature is an important factor in the v
26、alue of food.4. The authors of the book suggest the use of deaf subject becauseA. deaf people are generally introversive. . the auditory sense is an important factor in food evaluation.C. they are more fastidious in their choice of foods.D. All types of subjects should be used.Vocabulary1. preservat
27、ion 保鲜，保存2. sensory appeal 感官的魅力3. be provocative of 脱颖而出4. exhaustive 详尽的，无遗漏的5. discursive 推论的6. be provocative of 引起争论/兴趣等的7. crisp 有力的，有劲的8. perception 感觉，知觉，直觉9. modality 方式 modality of taste （味）感觉到10. discrimination 鉴别力11. localization 地区性，定位12. merit 值得，有价值13. crunchy 嘎吱作响的14. extraneous 外部的1
28、5. extrovert 外向性格的人16. introvert 内项性格的人难句译注1. although these might have been safe and nutritious, they certainly did not taste right nor were they particularly appetizing in appearance or smell.结构简析 in appearance or smell 应译成：色或香。参考译文 虽然这些饭菜可能是安全又有营养，但是肯定味不正，特别是在色，香上难以增进食欲。2. This it certainly is, b
29、ut this is by no means is its only achievement, for there are many suggestions for further lines of research, and the discursive passages are crisply provocative of new ideas and new ways of looking at established findings.结构简析 复合句。This 指前一句内容：书既详细又是对有关食品学的文字做了十分有用的评论。 Be provocative of 引起争论或兴趣。参考译文
30、 确实如此，可是这并不是书的唯一成就，因为书内有许多关于进一步研究范围的建议。推论性篇章及能令人非常感兴趣的看待现存成果的新观点和新方法。3. The relation between stimuli and perception is well covered, and includes a valuable discussion of the uses and disadvantages of the Weber fraction of differences.Weber fraction 为Ernest Heinrich Weber所著，他生于1795年，死与1878，是德国生理学家。参
31、考译文 书中详细论及刺激和感觉的关系。还包括了一篇很有价值的讨论文章：谈论威伯分数在评价差异上的缺点和实用性。写作方法和文章大意 这是一篇介绍“感官评价食品的原理“一书的序言。评者从书的读者对象，书的篇幅到内涵具体涉及片谈起，从主观到客观论证，采用例子和对比说明。第一段全面介绍，点出此书不同于过去的书。它们都把重点放在改善准备，保养和销售上。此书信息多，引证参考资料多，对今后研究有新建议； 对已有成果有新关点。第二段，从客观到主观的论述味觉，嗅觉并加以对比。第三段从众多其它感觉中，以听觉为重点论证。答案祥解1. A. 以有趣的方式开始介绍食品讨论。文章一开始，评者就用“波兰有一谚语说，鱼，要想
32、品味正，应游泳三次在水里游，在油里游和在酒中游。”这是国外广告式论说文经常才用的一种写作方式。目的是吸引读者，激起他们想读下去的欲望，以达到推广作用。B. 表明食品和国籍的关系。 C. 表明有各种准备食品的方法。 D. 加深读者对鱼的价值的影响，三项都不对。2. C. 评价高。评论者当然对此书评价极高，这是序言的必然途径。贬的就是批评文章了。全篇文章也说明这点。3. C. 食品价值由专家的嗅觉客观决定。这和第二段后半段的内涵有联系。他说，味道可分甜，酸，咸辣，而味觉生理性却无明确无误的证据。“至于（嗅觉）闻，由于鼻子特别灵敏，对外界刺激的反映主观性强，所以任何分类体系均无价值。”作者建议以“大
33、小，形状和涉及分子电子态为基础的分类值得进一步探讨研究，就像理论性前提一样。刺激物分子和受体之间弱的物理结合是刺激生理机能的必要组成部分。”这段文章谈到味觉，嗅觉但并没有直接或间接表达这种观点：食品的价值是通过专家的嗅觉客观判定。A. 需要明确无误的味觉分类。酸，咸，辣就是味觉的分类。 B. 有关食品分子构成进行更多研究。文内也讲到有关分子电子态应进一步研究。 D. 温度是食品评价中的一个因素。文内只在第三段提到了“除了味觉，嗅觉外，口中食品还有其他许多种感觉成分，基本为疼，冷，热，触碰以及震动感，鉴别力和地区性都可能起作用。“作者直接说明热是可能有作用的。4. B. 听觉在食品评价中是一个重
34、要因素。这在第三段内提到。除了味觉和嗅觉外，口中食品还会产生许多其它感觉。基本可分为痛，冷，热，触碰以及震动感，鉴别力和地区性都可能起作用。就像在吃脆硬或嘎嘎作响的食品时，听觉接受了来自牙齿骨操纵的震动刺激。在这方面，作者真确指出这种刺激需进行更多探讨研究，建议运用受各种听不见痛苦折磨的 病人作起点研究。众所周知，外部的噪声会改变分辨力和注意力。“这说明B. 听觉在食品评价中起着重要作用。是对的。A. 聋子一般是内项的。 C. 他们在选择食品时很挑剔。 D. 各种物体都应当应用。都和本文无关。社会生活型阅读理解(一)-(一)Ive spent over a year in India, and
35、 in those 365 plus days, Ive learned a lot about getting around Indian cities. My biggest lessons have been learned through being cheated, particularly by taxi and rickshaw (人力车) drivers, but that doesnt mean those are bad ways to travel, as long as you know what youre doing. Below are the best ways
36、 to get around the city of Delhi, India, and tips for how to keep from being the victim of scams (欺诈)Taking taxis is a great way to get around the city of Delhi and chances are, if you arrive in Delhi by plane, as soon as you make it through customs, youll be swarmed by Indian taxi drivers. At the D
37、elhi airport, be sure to arrange for a taxi to your hotel at one of the two Delhi Traffic Police Taxi Booths. One is inside the airport, and one is outside. The key is to make sure to go to a booth run by the police, rather than by independent taxi drivers.Rickshaws are one of my favourite ways to g
38、et around Indian cities, in part because its how the locals often travel. Autorickshaws are more common, but bicycle rickshaws are still used in Old Delhi. If you do have a chance to take a bicycle rickshaw, you should do it at least once for a unique experience that should only set you back about 1
39、5 rupees. Autorickshaw rates around Delhi range between 30 and 80 rupees, depending on the distance.If you really want to travel around Delhi like the locals, take a public bus. Indian buses become very crowded and most do not have air conditioning. They are, however, very cheap. A bus trip wont set
40、 you back any more than 15 rupees, as long as you stay within the city limits. Since Indian buses get so crowded, try to board the bus at the start of the route so you can get a seat.The train is a great way to get around within the city of Delhi. Fares are reasonable, between 6 and 22 rupees. All d
41、eparture announcements are in both Hindi and English, and tokens can be purchased for between 6 and 22 rupees.1The author is trying to _ in Delhi through this text. Agive some advice of travellingBexpect us to travel aroundCshow his/her experiencesDexplain the difficulties of travelling2To avoid bei
42、ng cheated, you ought to _ if you want to take a taxi at the Delhi airport.Apay more to the drivers to keep safeBshow your ticket to the driverCgo to a policerun boothDgo out of the airport 3The author suggests taking a rickshaw in order to _Asave some moneyBenjoy the comfortable tripCgain a unique
43、experienceDhelp the local rickshaw drivers4What can we infer from the passage?AYou wont have to pay much if you travel around by bus in India.BIt will be difficult for you to get a seat if you get on the bus halfway.CA rickshaw driver only charges whatever amount you give him.DYoull have to speak En
44、glish if you travel around in India.5Which may be the topic that follows?AHotel recommendations in Delhi.BWeather conditions in Delhi.CFood and drink in Delhi.DCar rentals in Delhi.(一)【要点综述】 本文作者就在印度德里旅行时的交通方面提出了几点建议。1A细节理解题。通读全文我们可以看出，作者在本文中给读者提出了一些建议，告诉读者在德里旅行时应注意的几个问题。因此，本文的写作目的是要给读者提出建议。2C细节理解题。
45、根据第二段的最后一句我们可以知道，在机场搭乘出租车时，应到警察经营的摊位。3C细节理解题。根据第三段的第三句我们可以知道，作者建议乘坐人力车以获得一种独特的体验。4B推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句我们可以知道，为了上车后能有一个座位，作者建议最好从起点站上车。这就意味着如果中途上车的话，就很难有座位了。5D推理判断题。由本文第一段的最后一句可知，本文主要介绍关于德里交通方面避免受骗的几个建议。因此，在所给的几个选项当中，只有D项与交通有关。据此，我们可以确定后面接着讨论的最有可能是汽车租赁业务。【上海市徐汇区2014诊断卷】短文语法填空BHe almost killed somebody,
46、but one minute changed his life. This beautiful story comes from Sherman Rogers book, Foremen: Leaders or Drivers? .In his true-life story, Rogers illustrates the importance of effective relationships. During his college years, Rogers spent 34_ summer in an Idaho(爱达荷州) logging camp. When the superin
47、tendent had to leave for a few days, he put Rogers in charge. “35_ if the men refuse to follow my orders?” Rogers asked. He thought of Tony, an immigrant worker who roared all day, giving the other men a hard time. “Fire them,” the superintendent said. Then, as if 36_ (read) Rogers mind, he added, “
48、I suppose you think you are going to fire Tony if you get the chance. Id feel badly about that. I have been logging for 40 years. Tony is the most reliable worker Ive ever had. I know he hates everybody and everything. But he comes in first and leaves last. There has not been an accident for eight y
49、ears on the hill 37_ he works.”Rogers took over the next day. He went to Tony and spoke to him. “Tony, do you know Im in charge here today?” Tony grunted（发哼声）. “I was going to fire you the first time we fought, but I want you to know Im not,” he told Tony, adding what the superintendent 38_ (say). W
50、hen he finished, Tony dropped the shovelful of sand he had held and tears streamed down his face. “Why he no tell me dat eight years ago?”That day Tony worked harder than ever before - and he smiled! He later said to Rogers, “My first foreman who ever say, Good work, Tony and it made me feel like Ch
51、ristmas.” Rogers went back to school after that summer. Twelve years later he met Tony again who was now superintendent for railroad construction for one of 39_ (large) logging companies in the West. Rogers asked him how he came to California and happened to have such success. Tony replied, “If it n
52、ot be for the one minute you talk to me back in Idaho, I keel somebody someday. One minute change my whole life.” Effective managers know the importance of taking a moment to point out 40_ a worker is doing well. But what a difference a minute of affirmation can make in any relationship!【参考答案】(B) 34. a 35. What 36. reading 37. where 38. had said 39. the largest 40. what
