1、Section Learning About Language.核心词汇及拓展1_ n. 锦标赛；联赛2_ n. 笔记本电脑；便携式电脑3_ vt. 对征税，使纳税n. 税；税款4_ adj. 有人控制的；需人操纵的5_ n. 潜水器；可潜船6_ adv. 在水下adj. 水下的7_ n. 珊瑚8_ n政治；政治观点_ adj.政治的_ n政治家；善于玩弄权术者9_ n职业；行业_ adj.职业的；专业的_ n教授10_ n混合；结合体；混合物_ vi. & vt.(使)混合；(使)融合11_ n新闻报道；覆盖范围_ vt.报道；遮盖12_ vt. & vi. 鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏_ n鼓掌
2、；喝彩13_ 记者招待会；新闻发布会.核心词汇讲解1mixture n混合；结合体；混合体mix vi. & vt. (使)混合；(使)融合mix.with. 把和混合mix up 混合；混淆；弄乱The story is a magical mixture of fantasy and reality.这个故事是幻想与现实的奇妙结合。Oil and water dont mix.油和水不相融。Dashan, who has been learning crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it
3、up with the Western standup tradition.相声是中国的传统喜剧形式，大山已经在中国学习了几十年的相声，他想把西方传统的脱口秀和相声融合到一起。 即学即练单句语法填空Many races are _ (mix) together in Brazil.Dont try to mix business _ pleasure.Youre always mixing me _ with my twin sister!The city was a _ (mix) of old and new buildings.I came home from the meeting w
4、ith _ (mix) feelings. 词义拓展mixed可作形容词“(感情)矛盾的，复杂的”2coverage n新闻报道；覆盖范围(1)media coverage 媒体报道(2)cover vt. 遮盖，覆盖；包含，走完；占地；报道，足以支付The clouds had spread and covered the entire sky.乌云铺开，遮蔽了整个天空。Believe it or not, the young man, though disabled, managed to cover a distance of 3 miles within 30 minutes.信不信由
5、你，尽管这位年轻人是残疾人，但他在30分钟内跑完了3英里的路程。Grasslands in China cover an area of about 400 million hectares, stretching more than 3,000 km from the northeast to the southwest.中国的草原占地约4亿公顷，从东北到西南绵延3 000多千米。“Journalists are not going to the field to cover the news because of safety reasons，” Faruk explained.法鲁克解释
6、说：“出于安全原因，记者不会去实地报道新闻。”And then students get a maintenance loan which helps, like covering the cost of living.然后，学生会得到一笔生活费用贷款，用来帮助他们支付生活费之类的费用。 即学即练翻译句子Much of the country is covered by snow._They were hoping to cover 40 miles yesterday._Id just returned from covering a war._The award should be eno
7、ugh to cover her tuition fees._The city covers 25 square miles._3applaud vt. & vi.鼓掌vt.称赞；赞赏applaud sb. for sth. 因某事而赞扬某人applaud the decision 赞成某个决定applause n. 鼓掌；喝彩The audience warmly applauded the excellent performance.观众们对精彩演出报以热烈的掌声。I applaud the decision to install more security cameras.我赞成要装更多
8、监控摄像机的决定。即学即练单句语法填空She should be applauded _ her honesty.A crowd of 300 supporters warmly _ (applaud) her speech, which was about civil rights.The candidates promise to improve public schools was greeted with a loud round of _ (applaud)Everyone _ (applaud) when the play ended.语境串记His applause showed
9、 he applauded the decision.他的掌声表明他赞成这个决定。Discover Useful StructuresGrammar复习动词不定式新知导引诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性1Its wrong to play tricks on other people.2She wants to be a doctor.3I tell him not to go there by bus.4I have a lot of work to do.5His wish is to become a scientist.6He runs fast to get there in tim
10、e.7The doctor said he could do nothing to help the girl.8The first important thing is to save the soldiers lives.9Edisons mother taught him to read and write.10I dont like to swim now.11To see is to believe.12I forgot to lock the door.13He studies hard to make money.共性呈现1所有划线部分均为动词不定式，由to动词原形构成；2动词不
11、定式除不能作谓语外，其余句子成分都可充当。句1、11中，划线部分充当主语；句2、10、12中充当宾语；句3、9中充当宾补；句5、8中，充当表语；在句4、7中充当定语；在句6、13中充当目的状语。语法精释动词不定式(to动词原形)是非谓语动词的一种形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。不定式不受主语人称和谓语动词时态变化的影响。不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。1动词不定式的形式变化时态变化主动语态被动语态不定式的一般式to doto be done不定式的进行式to be doing/不定式的完成式to have doneto have been done不定式的完成进行式t
12、o have been doing/2.动词不定式的否定式：notto doShe persuaded me not to go to the dangerous area.她说服我不要去那个危险的地方。3动词不定式的句法功能(1)动词不定式作主语动词不定式(短语)作主语，谓语动词常用单数。To see is to believe.眼见为实。To climb up the mountain road is easy while to go down the hills is hard.上山容易下山难。 特别注意有时为了避免头重脚轻，习惯上将不定式移到后面，主语由it代替，it叫作形式主语。It
13、 is not easy to find your way around the town.在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。(2)动词不定式作表语动词不定式作表语，通常用来说明主语的具体内容或者性质。常见的用来作主语的名词有aim，duty，dream，hope，idea，plan, ambition, purpose, work, job等。A college counselors job is to help students adjust to college life.大学辅导员的工作是帮助学生们适应大学生活。His ambition is to become an actor.他的理想是
14、成为一名演员。有些时候，系动词会是appear，seem，prove，turn out，remain等。Our English teacher seems to have known the secret.我们的英语老师好像已经知道了这个秘密。Whether we will succeed or not remains to be seen.我们能否成功仍有待观察。 特别注意当主语部分有动词do或do的某种形式时，不定式作表语时通常省略to。All I could do now is keep silent.我现在所能做的就是保持沉默。(3)动词不定式作宾语有些动词后面常跟动词不定式作宾语，常
15、见的这类词有：hope, wish, expect, agree, promise, undertake(答应), intend, want, aim, plan, desire, arrange, manage, decide, determine, pretend, choose, offer, demand, refuse, threaten, prepare, fail等。China hopes to promote ties with Angola to a new stage.中国希望把与安哥拉的关系推进到一个新的阶段。David threatened to report his
16、neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.如果这些损失得不到赔偿的话，戴维威胁邻居说要报警。 知识拓展当不定式作宾语，且后面有自己的宾语补足语时，常常用it作形式宾语，将不定式放于宾语补足语之后。常见的有这种用法的动词有：consider, feel, find, make, think等。构成的结构为：谓语动词it宾补to do。They all feel it very hard to learn German.他们都认为学习德语很困难。The rough road makes it difficult to get to t
17、he destination.崎岖不平的路使得到达目的地变得很困难。动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但是个别介词(如but, except)可以接不定式。常用的结构为：have no choice but to do sth., have nothing to do but/except do sth.。此类结构遵循“前有实义动词do后无to”的原则。This girl had no choice but to wait.这个女孩别无选择，只能等待。She has nothing to do but watch TV.她无事可干，只能看电视。(4)动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式可以在某些动词后
18、充当宾语补足语，常见的此类动词有：ask, cause, advise, allow, forbid, permit, force, instruct, want, order, encourage, persuade, remind, request, teach, tell, urge, invite, warn, command，enable等。以ask为例子，表达肯定意思的结构为ask sb. to do sth.，表达否定意思的结构为ask sb. not to do sth.。He asked me to give a presentation to the class.他让我给同
19、学们做个演讲。The doctor advised him to stop smoking.医生建议他戒烟。 特别注意有些词不能用于这个结构中，如hope，suggest，demand, agree，decide等。有些感官动词和使役动词后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，to经常被省略。这些词有：五看(see，watch，notice, observe，look at)；二听(hear, listen to)；一感觉(feel)；三使役(make, have, let)。需要注意的是，当上述动词用于被动语态时，to应还原。The teacher made me wait while she tal
20、ked to other students.这个老师在和其他学生谈话，让我等着。Tom is always working hard, so he doesnt have to be made to study hard.汤姆学习一直很刻苦，所以他不必让别人强迫他努力学习。(5)动词不定式作定语不定式作定语一般情况下会置于被修饰词的后面，并且与被修饰词构成一定的逻辑关系。主动关系：被修饰词是不定式的发出者。此时被修饰词通常被only, first, next，序数词或者形容词的最高级修饰。Hes always the first person of the team to put forwar
21、d a solution to a problem.他总是团队里第一个提出问题解决方案的人。被动关系：被修饰词是动词不定式的承受者。此时需要注意，如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后需要增加必要的介词。There are many interesting things to see.有许多有趣的东西可以看。You might think that with all these dangerous animals Australia is an unsafe place to live in or visit.澳大利亚有这么多危险的动物，你也许会认为在这里居住或到这里旅游很不安全。修饰关系：
22、动词不定式对所修饰的词起到补充说明的作用。这些被修饰词一般为：wish，way，chance，ability，decision，attempt，reason等。You should grasp the ability to solve the complex problems.你应该掌握解决复杂问题的能力。There are varieties of ways to make others laugh.有很多种方法逗别人笑。动词不定式作定语有时也表示一种将来的动作。We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.我们受邀
23、参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的派对。(6)动词不定式作状语动词不定式作目的状语动词不定式作目的状语，有时为了强调可以加上in order或so as，其中in order to do可以放于句首，但是so as to do不可以放于句首。注意，当不定式置于句末表示目的的时候，不可用逗号隔开；置于句首时，一般用逗号隔开。I write down these numbers in order not to/so as not to forget them.In order not to forget these numbers, I write them down.我写下这些数字，为了不忘记它们。动
24、词不定式作结果状语动词不定式作结果状语常用于以下结构：only to do结果却做(表示出乎意料的结果)too.to do太以至于不能做so/such.as to do太以至于做adj./adv.enough to do足够做He hurried to the train station only to find that the train had left.他匆忙赶往火车站，结果却发现火车已经离开了。The box is too small to hold all these things.这个箱子太小，不能装下所有这些东西。Would you be so kind as to do me
25、 a favour?劳烦您帮我个忙好吗？The girl was lucky enough to get a train ticket.这个女孩足够幸运地得到了一张火车票。动词不定式作原因状语动词不定式作原因状语通常表示一些情绪的原因，比如高兴、激动、遗憾、抱歉等。Im sorry to hear the bad news.听到这个坏消息，我很难过。4疑问词加动词不定式疑问词加动词不定式通常可以扩展为一个名词性从句。Where to go hasnt been decided.Where we should go hasnt been decided.我们要到哪里去还没定下来。 即学即练翻译句
26、子/单句语法填空1To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people._Our purpose is not to do it for you but teach you to do it by yourself._The magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading room._Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears to have been told everything._I was watching th
27、e clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch._Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding online to save their valuable time._Where to go is still a question._2_ (learn) is to better live.It was kind of you _ (give) me a helping hand.To do that would be _ (cut) the foot
28、to fit the shoe.All we have to do is _ (push) the button.Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _ (stay) and watch.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required _ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.He didnt like h
29、is intention _ (laugh) at.A growing trend in China now gives customers the options _ (pay) the bill by scanning a QR code or in cash.If water becomes increasingly scarce in decades _ (come), water shortage will become a hot issue all over the world.Jordan was the second player _ (score) more than 3,
30、000 points in a season.The meeting _ (hold) tomorrow is very important.There is nothing _ (worry) about.You dont have to run fast or for long _ (see) the benefit.Many parents dont take their kids interests and ages into consideration, only _ (find) “More haste, less speed”their kids curiosity is bei
31、ng killed.Tom was proud _ (choose) as captain of our school football team.用所给动词的适当形式填空1Its good _ (help) others when they are in trouble.2The man downstairs told the man upstairs not _ (drop) his shoes onto the floor at midnight any more.3The goal of this activity is _ (meet) the needs of common peo
32、ple.4Let me _ (hear) you _ (play) the violin.5The question is very difficult _ (answer)6He pretended _ (read) the text when I came in.7The snow seemed _ (blow) from the top of the mountain.8It has been an honor for me _ (invite) to your country.9I worked hard _ (pass) the exam.10I had no choice but
33、_ (give) up the chance of going abroad.完成句子1她总是第一个到校。She is always the first _.2李教授告诉他加入英语角，但是他不听。Professor Li told him _， but he wouldnt listen.3我们去动物园看动物了，结果却被告知他们已经被运到另一个动物园了。We went to see the animals in the park, _ that they had been moved to another zoo.4如何才能停止对河流的污染是一个大问题。_ is a big problem.5
34、专家们认为在一周内完成任务是不可能的。The experts think it impossible _ in a week.Section Learning About Language新知感知自学导引.核心词汇及拓展1tournament2.laptop3.tax4.manned5.submersible6.underwater7.coral8.politicspoliticalpolitician9.professionprofessionalprofessor10.mixturemix11.coveragecover12.applaudapplause13.press conferen
35、ce.核心词汇讲解1mixedwithupmixturemixed2这个国家的大部分地区都被雪覆盖。他们昨天打算走40英里。我刚报道完一场战争回来。这笔资金应该够她支付学费了。这个城市占地25平方英里。3forapplaudedapplauseapplaudedDiscover Useful StructuresGrammar复习动词不定式语法精讲难点透析1对敌人的仁慈就是对人民的残忍。我们的目的不是替你做这件事，而是教会你自己来做。这些杂志是不允许带出阅览室的。一定要让你妈妈知道全部事实。看起来已经有人把一切都告诉她了。开会期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要赶火车。现在很多航空公司允许乘客在网上打
36、印登机牌，以节约他们宝贵的时间。到哪里去还是个问题。2To learnto giveto cutpushto stayto processto be laughedto payto cometo scoreto be heldto worryto seeto findto be chosen课时达标随堂自测.用所给动词的适当形式填空1to help2.to drop3.to meet4.hear；play5.to answer6.to be reading7.to have been blown8.to have been invited9.to pass10.to give.完成句子1to come to school2.to join in the English Corner3.only to be told4.How to stop the river from being polluted5.to complete the task
