1、Section Grammar构词法1(教材P34)There are various(variety) kinds of theme parks.2(教材P34)It will bring you into a magical(magic) world and make your dreams come true.3(教材P34)As you wander around the fantasy amusement(amuse) park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street.4(教材P34)W
2、ith all these attractions(attract), no wonder tourism(tour) is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.5(教材P34)Dollywood shows and celebrates Americas traditional(tradition) southeastern culture.6(教材P34)It is worldfamous for having the most length(long) in the smallest space.英语的构词法主要有三种：合成法、转化法和派生
3、法。合成法合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成的词。最常见的合成词为合成名词、合成形容词，还有合成副词、合成动词、合成代词等。合成词一般直接连写在一起，也有的合成词之间用连字符“”，还有的由分开的两个词构成。1合成名词构词方式例词名词名词headmaster校长名词动名词shipbuilding造船(业)speedreading快速阅读名词动词er(or)painkiller止痛药形容词名词highway公路动词副词gettogether聚会，联欢会副词动词output产量upkeep保养，维修续表构词方式例词分词副词grownup成年人名词介词lookeron旁观者passerby路人动词介词g
4、obetween中间人，媒人名词介词名词soninlaw女婿sisterinlaw嫂子2.合成形容词构词方式例词形容词名词edwarmhearted热心肠的coldblooded冷血的middleaged中年的barefooted赤脚的形容词现在分词goodlooking好看的easygoing容易相处的形容词过去分词newborn新生的readymade现成的副词现在分词hardworking勤劳的名词现在分词Englishspeaking说英语的peaceloving爱好和平的副词过去分词newlybuilt新建的wellknown闻名的名词过去分词manmade人造的heartfelt由
5、衷的数词名词形容词twelveyearold十二岁的fivemeterlong五米长的3.合成副词构词方式例词介词名词underfoot在脚下beforehand事先副词名词upstairs在楼上downstairs在楼下副词副词however无论如何，然而，可是代词副词anywhere任何地方somehow不知怎么地形容词副词nowhere没有地方代词名词someday(今后)有一天someway以某种方式副词介词nearby附近4.合成动词构词方式例词副词动词overthrow推翻overcome克服名词动词typewrite打字sleepwalk梦游形容词动词broadcast广播whi
6、tewash粉刷5.合成代词构词方式例词代词宾格selfitself它自身物主代词selfmyself我自己形容词名词anything任何东西something某物，某事6.合成介词构词方式例词副词名词inside在里面介词副词within在之内without没有副词介词into进入(1)由“可数名词介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时，把前面的名词变复数。*fatherinlawfathersinlaw*passerbypassersby*lookeronlookerson(2)由man和woman构成的合成名词变复数时，两个名词都要变成复数。*a woman teacherwomen te
7、achers*a man doctormen doctors(3)由“名词名词”构成的复合名词，在变复数时，只变化中心名词，而修饰名词不变。*a girl friendgirl friends【即时演练1】写出下列句中标记部分的词性和词义It used to be difficult to get drinkingwater here.n.饮用水This is a painful and heartbreaking time.adj.心碎的The Chinese are essentially a peaceloving people.adj.爱好和平的Their snowwhite hair
8、 and beards reached almost to their knees.adj.雪白的The plan received widespread support throughout the country.adj.广泛的转化法转化法是指一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。转化词例词动词名词walk v行走walk n散步swim v游泳swim n游泳名词动词表示物体的book n书book v预订ship n船ship v用船运输表示人体部位的hand n手hand v递交head n头head v朝行进表示一类人的nurse n护士nurse v护理fool n傻子foo
9、l v愚弄表示自然现象的rain n雨rain v下雨snow n雪snow v下雪形容词动词dry adj.干的dry v使变干clean adj.干净的clean v把擦干净副词动词out adv.出来out v揭露形容词名词white adj.白色的white n白人native adj.本地的native n本地人特殊转化must v必须must n必须做的事【即时演练2】写出下列句中标记部分的词性和词义He is a man with a powerful build.n.体格Today, fresh fruit from these trees is shipped from on
10、e country to another.v.运输The train slowed down.v.减缓We will try our best to better our living conditions.vt.改善I emptied out my pockets but could not find my keys.vt.倒空If the pipe bursts, it could flood the whole house.vt.淹没派生法派生词即在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来单词意思相近或截然相反的单词。除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意思，不改变词性；后缀一般改变单
11、词的词性，并不引起词义的变化。1前缀构词法前缀含义例词dis不，否定dissatisfy使不满意；dishonest不诚实的un不unable不能够；unlucky不幸的做相反动作undress脱衣服；unload卸货in/im/ir/il不，非inactive不活跃的；incorrect不正确的；impolite没有礼貌的；impossible不可能的；irregular不规则的；irresponsible不负责任的；illogical不合逻辑的；illegal非法的non不，非nonexistent不存在的；nonstop不停的mis错误的；坏的misunderstand误解；misfor
12、tune厄运re重复，再rewrite重写；remarry再婚；retell复述en使能够enable使能够；enrich使丰富；encourage鼓励super超级superstar巨星；supermodel超级模特；supermarket超市under在之下underground地下的；underestimate低估inter相互；之间international国际的；interact相互作用pre预先，在之前predict预告；preview预习2.后缀构词法后缀含义例词ence/ance构成抽象名词evidence证据；importance重要性；dependence依靠cion/si
13、on/tion/ation动作；状态suspicion怀疑；explosion爆炸；repetition重复；organization组织er/or人或物cooker炊具；writer作家；operator操作员；actor演员；tractor拖拉机ism主义，教socialism社会主义；capitalism资本主义；communism共产主义；Buddhism佛教ist主义者；家scientist科学家；dentist牙医ment行为；结果；状态；性质movement运动；achievement成就；government政府；equipment设备；development发展续表后缀含义例
14、词ship关系；身份relationship关系；friendship友谊；citizenship公民身份hood身份；性质；时代adulthood成年；childhood童年；neighbourhood四邻ty状态；性质honesty诚实；difficulty困难；anxiety焦虑ure结果；行为；状态；实物pleasure高兴；picture图画；pressure压力al动作过程；结果approval同意；arrival到达；到达者ness状态；性质sickness疾病；恶心；kindness仁慈；好意th性质；状态；过程warmth温暖；strength强项；长处；力量ian人musi
15、cian音乐家；physician医生【即时演练3】单句语法填空(2019全国卷)But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its wonderful(wonder)(2019浙江卷6月)Other American studies showed no connection(s)(connect) between uniforms and school performance.(2019北京卷)Students should have a proper attitude
16、towards college before thinking about which college to attend，and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and meaningful(meaning) college experience.But economists who study the relationship between money and happiness(happy) have found that, above a certain income, the two
17、do not reliably correlate. 单句语法填空1Well never know the truth(true) behind the accident.2Their behaviour(behave) towards me shows that they do not like me.3The country places great importance on education(educate)4We spent our happy childhood(child) in a small town in the mountains.5When the first set
18、tlers(settle) moved into the area, they faced a lot of difficulties.6Our school won the athletic(athlete) sports because we have so many good runners.7A translator(translate) is a person who translates written messages from one language into another.8One disadvantage(advantage) of living in the town
19、 is the lack of safe places for the children to play.9Being unable(able) to afford a proper home after getting married, the couple moved into a mountain cave.10Its a(n) informal(formal) party, so you neednt go home to get changed.11It was impolite(polite) of you to ask him the personal question in f
20、ront of so many people.12Tom was encouraged(courage) by his father to take part in the singing competition.13On a stormy(storm) night, his son was missing on the way back home.14Their product is friendly(friend) to the environment and popular with customers.15Mr.Lee said that the smiles and happines
21、s(happy) of the children gave him great courage every day. 判断下列画线单词的词性和词义1Mary is drawing water from the well and looks quite well第一个well是名词，井；第二个well是形容词，气色好，身体好2I have booked my ticket and bought three books for my sister. 第一个book是动词，预订；第二个book是名词，书3My brother is studying for the coming examinatio
22、n in our fathers study第一个study是动词，学习；第二个study是名词，书房4Lets go out for a walk after supper, but dont walk too fast.第一个walk是名词，散步；第二个walk是动词，走5Although my new cellphone has many functions，it doesnt function well.第一个function是名词，功能；第二个function是动词，运行，运转 单句语法填空1There must be some misunderstanding(understand
23、) during her stay in Beijing because of Elizabeths poor Chinese.2He sent me a message, apologizing(apology) for having made me wait all the time in the cold.3The great woman will always be remembered for her great contributions(contribute) to the medicine.4According to what the doctor says, nonsmoke
24、rs(smoke) are less likely to suffer from lung diseases.5The robber threatened(threat) to kill me if I didnt give him money at once.6As we all know, December is the twelfth(twelve) month of a year.7I am terribly(terrible) sorry for being late in the morningmy car broke down half way.8Mary left an imp
25、ression(impress) on me that she was a shy and quiet girl when I first met her in our school.9Be careful with poisonous(poison) snakes when you are going hiking in the mountainous areas.10I didnt recognize the famous actress(act) was Han Xue until she took off her sunglasses. 阅读理解I sometimes find tha
26、t watching a film adaptation(改编作品) of a book helps me to understand the story of a book. This is especially true for books from a different period or with a difficult dialect. My favourite example of these is Pride and Prejudice, which is also my favourite book.Film and TV adaptations of books also
27、mean that books reach a wider audience, prompting(促使) people to read the book if they really liked the film. In terms of language learning, watching film or TV adaptations of books can help to provide an understanding of a story that may have otherwise(否则) been difficult to understand. They also hel
28、p to give a story a more modern twist(转折), for example Oliver Twist as an adaptation of Charles Dickens Oliver Twist. The language in the book can be enough to reduce a native speaker to tears, but the adaptation allows everyone to enjoy the story of the child Oliver. Similarly, the 1996 film Romeo
29、and Juliet, an adaptation of the Shakespeare play of the same name, enables those of us who havent studied Shakespeare to still enjoy his play.Of course, there are limitations and not every story that is translated onto the screen is liked by the many fans of the book, or even the author. For exampl
30、e, the author of the book Mary Poppins, PL.Travers, hated Disneys adaptation, but it is now a wellloved work. One of my least favourite adaptations is that of Still Alice by Lisa Genova. They changed the location from Boston to New York for no real reason, which for some readers changes the whole fe
31、el of the book.In my opinion, adaptations are a great way to introduce people to the story and characters of a book before reading it. Theyre also a good way for people who may not feel confident enough to read a whole novel in a different language, but still want to enjoy a specific story.【解题导语】本文是
32、一篇议论文。人们对改编自文学作品的影视作品爱憎不同，作者就此发表了看法。1The film adaptation of Pride and Prejudice helps the author _Adevelop an interest in the bookBunderstand the story of the bookClearn history of a different periodDunderstand the dialect in the bookB解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的I sometimes find that watching a film adaptation(改
33、编作品) of a book helps me to understand the story of a book.可知，作者有时觉得观看改编自书的电影有助于他理解书的故事情节。接下来作者举Pride and Prejudice这个例子说明了自己的观点。2How does the author mainly support his ideas?ABy listing facts.BBy giving examples.CBy making comparisons.DBy offering explanations.B解析：写作手法题。前三段中，作者在每一段开头直接表明观点，紧接着通过举例来支持
34、自己的观点。3What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?AThe film Still Alice.BThe book Still Alice.CThe film Mary Poppins.DThe book Mary Poppins.C解析：代词指代题。画线词所在句句意：例如，Mary Poppins一书的作者P.L.Travers曾经讨厌改编自该书的迪斯尼电影，但现在它(该电影)很受人们喜爱。4What is the authors attitude towards books being translated o
35、nto the screen?AHe pays little attention to it.BHe has doubts about it.CHe is in support of it.DHe is against it.C解析：观点态度题。作者在第一段就提出观看改编自书的电影作品有好处，在最后一段总结时，作者再次强调了影视改编作品的优势，因此可推断，作者支持将书改编成影视作品。 完形填空If you ask your parents to babysit(照看小孩) regularly then you should pay them. They dont have to _1_ you
36、 out for nothing.Of course, most grandparents will _2_ the cash, but dont let that _3_ youyou must find other ways to show your _4_Many grandparents dont have a regular income and some have to _5_ every dollar to make ends meet. Not only are they giving you their _6_ for free, theyre also probably s
37、pending a lot of money on travel, food and other things.I asked my mum why she doesnt charge to _7_ our kids and she said she loves them and _8_ to be a part of their daytoday lives. Were trying to put _9_ in her bag to pay for petrol, and are always _10_ her not to bring treats with her. We help he
38、r in other ways, mainly gardening. She used to enjoy working in her garden, but as she gets older, it gets _11_ for her.Gardening might not be a _12_ for you, but there are other ways to say thank you.You could cook up meals and pop them into the refrigerator _13_ theyll have delicious food to eat w
39、hen they dont have the energy(精力) to _14_You could do a _15_ with them to exchange babysitting for cleaning: either pay for a cleaner to visit their home monthly or help them with some of the more difficult _16_ in their houses like changing bed linen(织品), cleaning the bathroom, etc.And most _17_， r
40、emember to listen to and _18_ your parents. Ask them how their days been, check in with them regularly and let them _19_ theyre a big part of your family, not _20_ a parttime childcare worker.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。如果我们请父母照看小孩，应不应该给他们支付工资呢？1A.takeBhelpCpick DsendB解析：由上文中的If you ask your parents to babysit(照
41、看小孩) regularly then you should pay them.可知，此处表示父母没有义务免费“帮(help)”你照看孩子。2A.pay BexpectCrefuse DgetC解析：由上文中的you should pay them以及本句中的but和you must find other ways可知，当然，大多数帮忙给子女照看孩子的父母都“不会要(refuse)”工资。但是，不要因为这样就“不(stop)”表达你对他们的“感激之情(appreciation)”，你应该换用其他的方式。3A.stop BhurtCsurprise DjudgeA4A.value BtrustC
42、appreciation DexcitementC5A.spend BraiseCgive DwatchD解析：由语境可知，有些父母必须精打细算，才能收支平衡，watch“当心，留意”符合语境。6A.time BadviceCanswer DorderA解析：父母帮助照看小孩，不仅无偿地投入了自己的“时间(time)”，还会额外增加花销。7A.listen to Blook afterCeducate DprotectB解析：由本句中的she loves them以及下文的描述可知，“我”问母亲她为什么要无偿地帮“我”“照顾(look after)”孩子，她说她喜欢他们，“想(wants)”成
43、为他们日常生活中的一部分。8A.pretends BagreesCcontinues DwantsD9A.money BfoodCpictures DpresentsA解析：由本句中的to pay for petrol可知，“我们”会往母亲包里塞“钱(money)”。10A.inviting BtellingCpromising DtrainingB解析：结合第一段中作者的观点以及下文中的We help her in other ways, mainly gardening.可知，作者不希望母亲在帮忙照看孩子的时候，还给他们花钱。故此处表示“我”不断“告诉(telling)”母亲不要给孩子们买
44、东西。11A.quicker BstrangerCharder DlaterC解析：由上文中的We help her in other ways, mainly gardening.以及本句中的she gets older可知，母亲年龄越来越大，对她来说，园艺工作也变得“更吃力(harder)”。12A.hobby BdreamCgift DchoiceD解析：由本句中的but there are other ways to say thank you可知，此处表示可能对你来说做园艺工作并不是你的选择，但是还有其他说谢谢的方式。choice符合语境。13A.so BbutCthough Dor
45、A解析：由上文中的there are other ways to say thank you可知，你可以给父母做些饭菜冷藏起来，“这样(so)”当他们没有精力“做饭(cook)”时，就可以吃到可口的饭菜。14A.speak BbuyCfinish DcookD15A.talk BdealCproject DcheckB解析：由上文可知，许多父母无偿地帮自己的子女照顾孩子。结合下文中的either pay for a cleaner to visit their home monthly or help them.cleaning the bathroom, etc.可知，反过来，“我们”也可以
46、替父母做一些清洁工作，deal表示“交易”，符合语境。16A.jobs BideasCgames DresearchesA解析：由下文中的changing bed linen(织品), cleaning the bathroom可知，此处表示一些比较难做的“家务(jobs)”。17A.commonly BclearlyCimportantly DamazinglyC解析：上文和本段罗列了“我们”可以为父母做的几件事，相比之下，本段讲述的事最“重要(importantly)”。18A.depend on Blearn fromCwait for Dcare forD解析：结合上文以及本段中的As
47、k them how their days been, check in with them regularly可知，“我们”应该聆听父母的心声、“关心(care for)”父母，让父母“知道(know)”他们是家里的重要成员，而不“只(just)”是临时照顾孩子的保姆。19A.prove BknowCimagine DacceptB20A.yet BevenCjust DstillC 语法填空On June 17, Morgans Inspiration Island, a threeacre water park, opened in San Antonio, Texas. The par
48、k has been 1._(careful) designed so that everyone can enjoy it.Calling itself a “park of inclusion”， Morgans Inspiration Island is completely accessible(可利用的) to people with disabilitiesand its the first water park like that in the world. The 2._(attraction), which include Rainbow Reef, Shipwreck Is
49、land, and even a boat ride, are all wheelchairaccessible. Though people of all ages and abilities are welcome, the park offers free 3._(admit) to anyone with a disability.Before the water parks official opening, its founders Gordon and Maggie Hartman invited members of the disabled community 4._(try
50、) out the park and offer advice. Teaming up with doctors, theme park experts, and special education teachers, theyve created 5._ seriously new experience.And its not just the idea thats newmuch of the technology is, too. The University of Pittsburgh helped create a new wheelchair 6._(call) the “Pneu
51、Chair” for the park. It is airpowered and 7._(light) than batterypowered(电池供电的) wheelchairs and waterresistant(防水的). To better accept guests sensitive 8._ the cold, the park has an area 9._ provides warm water for activities.Now that the park is open, Gordon Hartman hopes that Morgans Inspiration Is
52、land will live up to its name by 10._(inspire) guests to do things never thought to be possible before.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界首个无障碍水上乐园摩根欢乐岛。1carefully解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰谓语动词，表示“仔细地”，故填副词carefully。2attractions解析：考查名词复数。attraction在此表示“有吸引力的事物”，是可数名词，由谓语动词are可知，此处应用其复数形式，故填attractions。3admission解析：考查名词。设空
53、处作宾语，表示“入场费”，由设空处前的形容词free可知，此处应填名词admission。admission作“入场费”讲时，是不可数名词。4to try解析：考查固定用法。invite sb. to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”。5a解析：考查不定冠词。experience在此意为“体验”，是可数名词，因为此处表示泛指，故填a。6called解析：考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处所在句意为“匹兹堡大学专门为该水上乐园设计了一款叫做PneuChair的轮椅”，call与wheelchair之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填called。7lighter解析：考查形容词比较级。设空处所在句意为“这款轮椅使用压缩空气作为驱动力，比常规的电池驱动轮椅更轻便，并且防水”，且根据该空后的than可知，此处填lighter。8to解析：考查介词。(be) sensitive to.意为“对敏感”。9that/which解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导定语从句修饰area，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。10inspiring解析：考查动词ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词by的宾语，故填inspiring。
