1、专题一 人物传记型阅读理解 专题一 人物传记型阅读理解 专题导读专题一 专题导读 这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。因此，阅读这类文章应该抓住时间线索来获取有关信息，即主人公在某个时间做过什么，然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。专题一 专题导读 短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生、发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面
2、着手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读这类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，即使是碰到深层理解题也可迎刃而解。专题一 专题导读 这两类阅读材料一般较长，即词数多，而且命题也较多，特别是推理判断题和事实理解题多。同学们在做此类阅读理解题时往往是材料看得懂，题目不好做的感觉。因此，同学们在阅读材料时要重点放在事情发展的过程和结果上，注意把握事件的发展进程及人物之间的关系，细节与主题的关系，用以说明人物性格特点的事实、作者的态度等，这些内容往往是推理判断题的命题点。掌握了这些内容，同学们在做
3、推理判断题时专题一 专题导读 就不会以个人思维想象代替根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，也只有这样才不会以偏概全。至于事实细节题的解答，同学们切忌想当然或者凭印象，一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择。专题一 真题典例 真题典例 2011山东卷 Arthur Miller(19152005)is universallyrecognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.Millers father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary，drawnlik
4、esomanyothersbythe“GreatAmericanDream”However,he experienced severe financial hardshipwhen his family business was ruined in the Great Depression ofthe early l930s.专题一 真题典例 Millers most famous play,Death of a Salesman,is apowerful attack on the American system,with its aggressiveway of doing busines
5、s and its insistence on money and socialstatus as indicators of worth.In Willy Loman,the hero of theplay,we see a man who has got into trouble with this system.Willy is“burnt out”and in the cruel world of business there isno room for sentiment:if he cant do the work,then he is nogood to his employer
6、,the Wagner Company,and he must go.专题一 真题典例 Willy is painfully aware of this,and at a loss as to what to dowith his lack of success.He refuses to face the fact that he hasfailed and kills himself in the end.When it was first staged in 1949,the play was greeted withenthusiastic reviews,and it won the
7、 Tony Award for Best Play,the New York Drama Critics Circle Award,and the PulitzerPrize for Drama.It was the first play to win all three of thesemajor awards.专题一 真题典例 Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury,Connecticut,on the evening of February 10,2005,the 56thanniversary of the first p
8、erformance of Death of a Salesman onBroadway.【解析】本文是一篇人物简介。主要介绍了著名的剧作家Arthur Miller以及他的著名的作品Death of a Salesman。专题一 真题典例()1.Why did Arthur Miller s father move to the USA?AHe suffered from severe hunger in his home country.BHe was attracted by the“Great American Dream”CHe hoped to make his son a dra
9、matist.DHis family business failed.【解析】B 细节理解题。根据第一段Millers father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary，drawn like so many others by the“Great American Dream”可知他是受到Great American Dream的吸引才搬往美国的。专题一 真题典例()2.The play Death of a Salesman _.Aexposes the cruelty of the American business worldBdiscus
10、ses the ways to get promoted in a companyCtalks about the business career of Arthur MillerDfocuses on the skills in doing business【解析】A 细节理解题。根据第二段Death of aSalesman,is a powerful attack on the American system，with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistenceon money and social status as
11、indicators of worth.可知这部作品暴露了美国商业界的残酷。专题一 真题典例()3.What can we learn about Willy Loman?AHe treats his employer badly.BHe runs the Wagner Company.CHe is a victim of the American system.DHe is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.【解析】C 推理判断题。根据第二段最后He refusesto face the fact that he has failed and kill
12、s himself in the end.可知他最终自杀了，由此可知他是美国制度的牺牲品。专题一 真题典例()4.After it was first staged,Death of a Salesman_.Aachieved huge successBwon the first Tony AwardCwas warmly welcomed by salesmenDwas severely attacked by dramatists【解析】A 细节理解题。根据第三段When it was firststaged in 1949,It was the first play to win all
13、 three of thesemajor awards.可知这部作品在第一次演出时获得了巨大的成功。专题一 真题典例()5.What is the text mainly about?AArthur Miller and his family.BThe awards Arthur Miller won.CThe hardship Arthur Miller experienced.DArthur Miller and his best known play.【解析】D 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了剧作家Arthur Miller以及他的著名的作品Death of a Salesman。所以答案为
14、D。专题一 新题预测 (一)Benjamin Banneker was born a few months beforeanother great AmericanGeorge Washington.Benjamin wasblack,but he was not a slave.He and his mother and hisgrandmother were free.Benjamins grandmother came from England.In Americashe got a job and worked for many years to pay for her boattri
15、p across the ocean.After working many more years,shesaved enough money to buy a farm.Benjamin lived with herfor a while.She taught him to read and write and do arithmetic.新题预测专题一 新题预测 Benjamins neighbors knew that he was clever.They werenot surprised when he built a large wooden clock.He madeeach pi
16、ece after studying a small pocket watch.The clock madehim famous,for it was one of the first clocks built in America.People from other places began to send hard problems of allkinds for Benjamin to settle.Thomas Jefferson learned of Benjamin Bannekers abilityto settle hard problems.He asked Banneker
17、 to help build thecity that was to be the capital of the United StatesWashington,DC.专题一 新题预测 Banneker worked hard on the plans for the city.Hemarked where the streets and buildingsthe Capital(国会大厦),the White House,and many others should be built.Later,LEnfant,the Frenchman who had designed thenew ci
18、ty,had a quarrel,and went back to France in anger.Hetook all of the plans with him.The workmen couldnt buildwithout any plans to follow.专题一 新题预测 For a while it seemed that the plans for the capital mighthave to be changed.But Benjamin Banneker remembered theplans he had helped draw.He drew each agai
19、n just as he oncehad built each piece of his clock.If it werent for Benjamin Banneker,Washington,DC.might look very different from the way it does today.【解析】本文是人物介绍。全文介绍了黑人设Benjamin Banneker。专题一 新题预测()1.Benjamin Banneker is remembered to this daymainly because_.Ahe made one of the first clocks in Am
20、ericaBhe used to be an assistant to LEnfant,who haddesigned the city WashingtonChe designed the city Washington when LEnfant leftDhe was able to build the city Washington as LEnfantleft with his plans专题一 新题预测【解析】D 主旨大意题。全文叙述了Banneker做了两件事制造了美国最早的钟表之一；设计了美国首都华盛顿。显然前者不如后者名声大。专题一 新题预测()2.When Banneker
21、built a large wooden clock，_.Apeople in America showed no surpriseBhis name spread all over AmericaChe became the first man in America to build a clockDpeople came from other places to congratulate him【解 析】B 细 节 理 解 题。从 The clock made himfamous，及下句得此答案。A有一定干扰性，people应改为his neighbors。专题一 新题预测()3.Thom
22、as Jefferson asked Banneker to help buildthe city Washington because he was told that Bannekerwas_.Afamous BcleverChardworking DSerious【解析】B 细节理解题。从上一句Thomas Jeffersonlearned of Benjamin Bannekers ability to settle hard problems得知，Jefferson欣赏Banneker的聪明才智。专题一 新题预测()4.In building the city Washington,
23、Bannekershowed_.Ahe had a good memoryBhe was never tired of workingChe feared no difficultiesDhe was good at drawing【解析】A 推理判断题。从第六段和第七段我们知道，在LEnfant 带走所有计划图以后，Banneker仍能记住计划图的内容，因此我们说他有很好的记忆力。专题一 新题预测(二)Think of some of your favorite singers.When you listen,they can make you happy or sad,peaceful o
24、r angry.They canmake you relax or want to get up and dance.Gifted singershave the power to affect us in many waysemotionally,physically and mentally.But becoming a great singer isnt as easy as listening toone.It takes practice,devotion and strong lungs!Just ask thewell known American opera(歌剧)star C
25、arol Vaness.专题一 新题预测 At the Metropolitan Opera in New York City where sheoften sings,Carols voice must be loud enough to be heard byfour thousand people.It must reach every person in the theater,without a microphone,even when shes singing softly.Thereason Carol can project her voice that far is the
26、way shebreathes.“When you breathe,its like a swimmer taking a deepbreath before going underwater，”Carol explains.“You haveto take a lot of air into your lungs.”专题一 新题预测 According to Carol,the main difference between popsinging and opera is“how you breathe,how much air you takein,and how you control
27、it coming out.Regular singing is morelike speaking,and its a lot softer.When I sing for children,theyre often surprised by how the vibrations strike theirearslike waves on a beach,”Carol says.“In opera,the airdoesnt just go out of your mouthit vibrates in your chest,theway a guitar vibrates when its
28、 played.”专题一 新题预测 Ever since she started piano lessons at the age of ten,Carolhas loved music.As she got older,she decided to become amusic teacher.When she went to college,she took singinglessons as part of her studies.Her voice teacher discovered thatnineteen year old Carol had an exceptionally be
29、autiful sopranovoicethe highest singing voice for women.专题一 新题预测 Carol decided to make opera her goal,not only becauseshe loved to sing but also because she loved the drama.Operaisa play in which the characters sing the words instead ofspeaking them.The stories of opera can be tragic or comical.They
30、 can be personal stories about two people falling inlove or grand stories about kings and queens who lived longago.As the characters in an opera sing,the emotions(情感)expressed by words and music come to life.专题一 新题预测 Today,Carol performs throughout the United States andEurope and she has sung for al
31、most twenty years.But she hasnever forgotten where she started singing in the first palace.“Put_ your_ heart_ into_ your_ singing and enjoy it，”says Carol,“because singing is a great joy.Thats why I sing.Infact,thats why everybody sings.”【解析】通读全文，本文是人物介绍，全文介绍了美国著名的歌剧明星Carol Vaness的成长经历，以及她对歌剧中用声的看法。
32、专题一 新题预测()1.According to the passage,the Metropolitan Operain New York City _.Ais a five story buildingBcan seat 4,000 peopleChas no microphone in itDcan project the singers voice【解析】B 细节理解题。从Carols voice must be loudenough to be heard by four thousand people我们可以得出答案。专题一 新题预测()2.What is the best tit
33、le for this passage?AOpera Singing and Pop SingingBThe Way an Opera Star SingsCAn Opera StarDSinging without a Microphone【解析】C 主旨大意题。全文介绍了美国著名的歌剧明星Carol Vaness。专题一 新题预测()3.Which statement is TRUE?AA pop singers lungs are usually stronger than those ofan opera singers.BThe author has the idea that op
34、era singing is more likespeaking.CA pop singer takes in much more air than an operasinger when singing.DAn opera singer breathes differently from a pop singerwhen singing.专题一 新题预测 【解析】D 细节理解题。从According to Carol,themain difference between pop singing and opera is“how youbreathe”我们可以得出答案。专题一 新题预测()4.
35、From the passage you can conclude all thefollowing EXCEPT that_.ACarol once learned to play the pianoBCarol worked as a music teacherCCarol has been singing opera for 20 years or soDCarol is popular with Americans and Europeans【解析】B 细节理解题。从As she got older,shedecided to become a music teacher.我们很容易认为她当了音乐老师，然而从后文Carol decided to make opera her goal我们可以知道，B是应该排除的。
