1、基础语法课(3)形容词、副词语境中体悟用法1朗读下列句子，体会、领悟形容词充当的句子成分。Abraham Lincoln was a selfmade man.作定语He was so tired that he fell asleep sitting in his chair.作表语Martin found the work slightly dull.作宾补I have something important to tell you.作后置定语2朗读下列句子，体会、领悟副词在句中的作用。He said quite positively that he would come.修饰动词Its
2、simply wonderful to see you！修饰形容词I heard pretty clearly then.修饰其他副词Your coat is just behind the door.修饰介词短语Frankly, I am not satisfied with your work.修饰句子系统中整合规则(一)用法形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和宾语补足语，常和名词、代词有关联；副词主要修饰动词、形容词和副词，也可在句首表状态。(二)形容词变副词的规则一般情况加ly commoncommonlyimmediateimmediately以“辅音字母y”结尾，将y改为i然后加ly s
3、teadysteadilybusybusily以le结尾，去掉e加y simplesimplygentlegently以ic结尾，加ally economiceconomicallyscientificscientifically名师指津(1)注意形近词 hard与hardly，前者表示“努力”，后者表示“几乎不”。(2)deep, high, slow等本身是副词，加上ly后还是副词，此时前者表示具体，后者表示抽象。(三)形容词与副词比较等级的构成形容词和副词的比较等级分为：原级、比较级和最高级。原级即形容词和副词的原形。比较级和最高级的词形变化分规则变化和不规则变化两种。1规则变化词形分类
4、及变化构成原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般加er或esttalllongtallerlongertallestlongest以e结尾的，只加r或stnicefinenicerfinernicestfinest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加er或estbighotfatbiggerhotterfatterbiggest hottestfattest以“辅音字母y”结尾的，先变y为i再加er或esthappyeasyhappiereasierhappiest easiest其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more或mostdifficultbeautiful
5、moredifficultmorebeautifulmostdifficultmostbeautiful名师指津表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, extreme, perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。2不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad (badly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest(四)形容词与副词比较等级的用法1平级比较(1)用as .as .或n
6、ot .as/so .as引导Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is)亨利和彼得一样都是好工人。(2)as形容词as数量词数量词形容词The building is as tall as 100 meters.The building is 100 meters tall.这幢楼有100米高。2表示比较的特殊结构(1)表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时，用“the比较级 .，the比较级 .”，意为“越，就越”。The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙，就越感到高兴。(2)不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时
7、，用“比较级and比较级”结构，意为“越来越”。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们学校正变得越来越漂亮。(3)表示“和一样不”时，用“no比较级than”结构。You are no taller than I.你和我一样矮。3比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式(1)否定词比较级(2)比较级thanI have never spent a more worrying day.这是我度过的最令人焦虑的一天。Every morning he arrives earlier than any other student in the cl
8、ass.Every morning he arrives earlier than all the other students in the class.Every morning he arrives earlier than anyone else in the class.Every morning he arrives earlier than any of the other students in the class.Every morning he arrives earlier than the rest of students in the class.每天早上他都是班里来
9、得最早的学生。4最高级的常用句型(1)形容词最高级(名词)表示范围的状语She is the most active student in our class.她是我们班最活跃的学生。(2)one of形容词最高级名词复数Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.上海是我们国家最大的城市之一。(3)序数词形容词最高级名词Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是
10、世界上第二大洲。5倍数表达法(1)倍数as形容词/副词原级as(2)倍数形容词/副词的比较级than(3)倍数the名词of(4)倍数what从句Our classroom is three times as large as theirs.Our classroom is three times larger than theirs.Our classroom is three times the size of theirs.我们的教室是他们教室的三倍大。The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago.这条路
11、的长度是三年前的四倍。集训中明晰考点在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语一般要用形容词；修饰动词、形容词和副词或整个句子，要用副词。 考点1形容词与副词的句法功能1(2020全国卷)Landing on the moons far side is (extreme) challenging.解析：extremely修饰形容词challenging应用extreme的副词形式extremely。2(2020全国卷)Bamboo：Chinese love their“Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and o
12、ffices. (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.解析：Certainly此处修饰整个句子，用副词Certainly，注意首字母要大写。3(2020全国卷)Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花)：The (beauty) long branches covered with pinkcolored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.解析：beautiful由于空后的中心词是名词branches，所以用形容词。4(2019全国卷)It is diffic
13、ult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,00025,000 polar bears worldwide.解析：poorly设空处修饰谓语动词has been studied，作状语，应用副词形式，故填poorly。5(2019全国卷)But then we got an official letter and we were blo
14、wn away.We are so proud of her.“Its (wonder)”解析：wonderful设空处前有系动词is，应用形容词作表语，故此处应用形容词wonderful。考点2形容词、副词的比较级(1)根据比较等级的句式判断，如果后面有than就用比较级；(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than，而是根据语境判断出用比较级；(3)当空格前有表示程度的词或词组，如a bit, a little, much, far, a great/good deal, a lot等或有still, even等词时，需填比较级；(4)表示“越，就越”用“the比较级 ., the比较级 .”
15、结构。 1(2020浙江1月高考)The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes (old) than before.解析：older结合句意和下文的than before可知，这里意为“比以前更加年老”，故填older。2(2019全国卷) Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bear
16、s may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are (high) than they actually are.解析：higher根据空格后than they actually are可知，应用形容词的比较级，故填higher。3(2018浙江6月高考)There could be an even (high) cost on your health.解析：higher此处表示这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康代价。根据even可判断，此处要用
17、形容词的比较级。4(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years (long) than nonrunners.解析：longer根据空后的than和语境可知，此处应该使用副词比较级形式，故填longer。5(2017全国卷)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even (bad), the amount of fast food t
18、hat people eat goes up.解析：worse根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用副词比较级形式，even worse表示“更糟糕的是”。6(2017浙江6月高考)Sixteen years (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.解析：earliersixteen years earlier表示“早在16年前”。此时的earlier相当于before，一般直接跟在时间名词的后面。考点3形容词、副词的最高级(1)表达在某个范围内“最”，使用“the形容词/副词的最高级比较范围”结构。表示范围
19、的标志词有in, of, among等；(2)当空格前有the second/third ., one of .等词时，需填最高级；(3)有些词本身就含有最高级含义，不能再用最高级，如favorite, wonderful, exhausted等。1(2020全国卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.解析：fin
20、est 根据句意及后文的choose the best可知，此处应用形容词最高级。2(2018全国卷)He screams the (loud) of all.解析：loudest根据空前的the以及空后的of all可知，此处应用副词最高级。3(2020太原模拟)This festival is a holiday of great significance and the one with the (long) history.解析：longest根据语境及空前的the可知，应用最高级。4(2020太原模拟)I want to live my life that way to take i
21、t into the world and live it to the (full)解析：fullestlive life to the fullest“充实地生活”。5(2020太原模拟)Antarctica, the coldest place on Earth, is the fifth (large) continent in the world.解析：largest表示“第几个最”，英语中也要用最高级。 自测中查漏补缺.单句语法填空1(2020北京高考)Second, tiger sharks are so strong and aggressive that they can ea
22、sily (easy) hit a person.2(2020浙江1月高考)This is particularly (particular) true in the US.The second reason is that people are living longer.3(2020新高考全国卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy(wealth) people travelled and collected plants，historical objects and works of art.4(2019全国卷)They also shared
23、with us many traditional (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.5(2019全国卷)Her years of hard work have finally (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.6(2021西安模拟)The poor man was shocked (shock) to hear this and
24、they finally took the issue to court to get the right judgment.7Now it has become one of the biggest (big) international art festivals in Asia, providing a platform for artists at home and abroad to exchange ideas.8(2021合肥模拟)“Before I came to Egypt, the tourism agency told me repeatedly (repeat) to
25、bring cooling balm as a gift to make the trip easier (easy)，” said Mr Ye, a 25yearold whose family sells Chinese medicine online.单句改错1With these changes, peoples pace of life has been quickened and peoples work has been made more efficiently.efficientlyefficient 2But he stays outside the list of the
26、 worlds 10 rich people.richrichest 3The meeting obvious proved to be a turning point for both of them, promoting the birth of Alibaba and later cooperation with Jerry Yang.obviousobviously 4To realize my dream, I must learn as much as I can to get into a good medical college, where I can make fully
27、preparations for the job of a doctor.fullyfull 5But Katie thought owning their own bikes would make wonderfully memories for every child.wonderfullywonderful 6But when he had recovered three days later, he felt amazing at the effect of the Chinese medicine.amazingamazed 7Standing on the highest plac
28、e, I felt so greatly.greatlygreat 8She works hardly and has been a model teacher for ages.hardlyhard .语法填空(2021高三开封模拟)One place that has left a lasting 1 (impress) on me is the island of Lesvos in Greece. I went there for 2 holiday with some of my friends. We felt that we deserved a bit of sun and a
29、 chance 3 (relax) after having studied so hard.Strangely enough, even though I went there for a wellearned rest, I 4 (actual) worked harder than I had ever done before. Instead of spending my days on the beach sunbathing and swimming in the sea, I ended up 5 (help) the locals deal with the endless a
30、rrival of refugees (难民), many of 6 were struggling to get to the beach after their boats had turned over.Anyway, this holiday turned out to be one of the most 7 (forget) of my life, but for all the wrong reasons. Often, when Im alone these days, I 8 (disturb) by the memories of the faces of parents
31、who couldnt find their children, and the sound of people screaming 9 help. 10 the people of Lesvos did to help these people, opening their homes to them and sharing the few possessions they themselves owned, was absolutely amazing. I was completely touched by the generosity of the people of Lesvos.1
32、impression考查名词。空处被形容词lasting和冠词a修饰，故应用名词的单数形式，所以填impression。2a考查冠词。holiday意为“假期”，此处是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，表示泛指，又holiday的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a修饰。3to relax考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。4actually考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词worked，应用副词形式，在句子中作状语，所以填actually。5helping考查非谓语动词。end up doing sth.为固定用法，故填help的动名词形式helping。6wh
33、om考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为refugees，表示人，所以用“代词ofwhom”结构来引导该从句。7unforgettable考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处被the most修饰，应为形容词，又根据第一段中的“One place that has left a lasting 1 (impress) on me is the island of Lesvos in Greece”可知，此处表示最难忘的，故填unforgettable。8am disturbed考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为主句的谓语，又根据其后的被动语态符号
34、“by”和句子主语I以及该句中的“these days”可知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，所以填am disturbed。9for考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示人们高声呼救的声音，scream for sth.意为“为某事高声喊”，为固定用法，所以填介词for。10What考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，在从句中作did的宾语，表示“的事物”，所以填What。注意：that引导主语从句时在从句中不充当句子成分。.短文改错Life can be tough sometimes because there is always something unexpected happ
35、ened, which may tire or even stop us.However, we cant choose to escape.We are supposed take responsibility for ourselves and our families.Several year ago, my father lost my job and was unemployed for a long time. So he didnt take it seriously. Instead, he believed he had an enough time to rest and think about how to make a newly living. Now he had received a wellpaid job offer. So, when you are faced with challenges, choosing to believe good things are in the way.答案：第一句：happenedhappening第三句：supposed后加to第四句：yearyears; myhis第五句：SoBut第六句：去掉enough前的an; newlynew第七句：hadhas第八句：choosingchoose; inon
