1、Passive voiceStudying Aims1.Let students know about passive voice.2.Let students learn to write sentences of3.passive voice.4.3.Let students master the special rules of 5.passive voice.英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态A.主动语态:主语 发出动作（谓语）。宾语 是动作涉及的对象。B.被动语态：主语 是动作的 承受者(动作的对象)。(把主动语态改为被动语态也就是把主动句中的宾语改为被动句的主语，同时谓语动词作相应
2、的变化。)被动语态的谓语构成:助动词be动词过去分词(根据句子的主语和时态，助动词be有be,am,is,are,was,were,been几个形式变化。)什么时候要用被动语态呢？在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态:主语谓语宾语被动语态:例：We clean our classroom every day.（主动）注意把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。如果主动
3、句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词 by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。主语by+宾语(代词用宾格）be+动词过去分词Our classroom is cleaned by us every day（被动）把下列主动句改为被动句把下列主动句改为被动句Lily writes many letters every day.(主动)They visited this farm last year.（主动）We have learned 3000 English words so far.（主动）Many letters are written by Lily every day.
4、This farm was visited by them last year.3000 English words have been learned by us so far.各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时 态主动语态被动语态1一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+V过去分词2一般过去时didwas/were+V过去分词3一般将来时will/be going to+动词原形will/be going to+be+V过去分词4过去将来时would+动词原形would+be+V过去分词5现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词am/i
5、s/are+being+V过去分词6过去进行时was/were+现在分词was/were+being+V过去分词7现在完成时 have/has+过去分词have/has+been+V过去分词8过去完成时had+过去分词had+been+V过去分词9含情态动词情态动词+动词原形情态动词+be+V过去分词 Fill in the blanks with the Passive Voice.1、Norman Bethune _ (bury)in Hebei.2、Chinese _ (speak)in China.3、The bed _ (use)for sleeping.4、Our classroo
6、m _ (clean)every day.5、The cars _ (make)in Beijing.is buriedis spokenis usedis cleanedare made归纳总结方法把主动语态改为被动语态可按“、”来进行。即：变把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。套根据原句的时态套用相应时态。注意注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。例：Many people speak English.English by many people.He washed his shoes yesterday.His shoes by him yes
7、terday.is spokenwere washed一变 二套三注意翻译下列句子1.电视机关掉了。The TV was turned off.2.那小偷被抓住了。The thief was caught.3.所有的窗户都被打破了。All the windows were broken.把下列主动句改为被动句把下列主动句改为被动句1.The boy cleaned the desk a moment ago.The desk was cleaned by the boy a moment ago.2.We will plant 2000 trees next year.2000 trees w
8、ill be planted by us next year.3.You must keep the room clean and tidy.The room must be kept clean and tidy by you.4.The police have caught the thief.The thief has been caught by the police.5.The farmers are cutting down the trees on the hill.The trees on the hill are being cut down by the farmers.在
9、被动语态中要注意的问题在被动语态中要注意的问题一些使役动词(let,have,make等)或感观动词(see,hear,watch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要补上to。如：A.The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day.B.The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.B.I saw him enter the house.C.He was seen to enter the house by me.C.The teacher l
10、et them leave the classroom after class.D.They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.D.We hear her sing in the room every day.E.She is heard to sing in the room every day.注意当使用see/hear/watch sb.doing sth.时，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。如：I saw him going into the shop.(主动)He was seen going i
11、nto the shop.(被动)把下列句子改为被动语态1.I heard Jenny singing at 7 this morning.Jenny was heard singing at 7 this morning.2.His mother made him wash his own clothes at the age of 10.He was made to wash his own clothes by his mother at the age of 10.含有短语的被动语态结构。一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态，但许多不及物动词加上副词或介词构成动词短语也相当于及物动词的用
12、法，可以带宾语，因而也有被动语态。请看下面的例子：They set up the factory in 2000.The factory was set up in 2000.Our school will put off the School Sports meeting until December.The School Sports meeting will be put off until December.People have talked about the accident.The accident has been talked about.带有介词或副词的动词短语，在改为被
13、动语态时，不能把介词或副词拆开。三、一些特殊的被动结构（1）某些系动词，如feel,smell,taste,sound等加上形容词，可用主动语态表被动意义。e.g.The food tastes delicious.The music sounds great.（2）动词need,want,be worth 后加v.-ing的主动结构常表示被动含义e.g.My watch cant work,it needs repairing.Your hair wants cutting.注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式(need to be done)。比较：The desk needs repairing.The desk needs to be repaired.
