1、Unit 3Life in the future必备知识盘点夯基 BI BEI ZHI SHI PAN DIAN HANG JI单词立体巧记写准记牢语境运用核心单词1_previous_ adj在前的；早先的2_fasten_vt系牢；扎牢3_belt_n腰带；皮带4_flash_vt& vi(使)闪光；(使)闪现5_guide_ n指导；向导；导游vt指引；指导6_lack_vi & vt缺乏；没有n缺乏；短缺的东西7_switch_n开关；转换vt转换8_optimistic_adj乐观(主义)的9_material_n原料；材料10_recycle_vt回收利用；再利用11_dustbi
2、n_ n垃圾箱12_button_n纽扣；按钮1A new series of simple English reading _materials_ (材料) for middle school students has come out this year 2(2020浙江卷)The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally dont _flash_(闪光) the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hou
3、r 3In our daily life, rubbish should be put into the _dustbin_(垃圾箱)4If a student _lacks_ (lack) the motivation to study, he or she will quickly become tired of studying5_Guided_ (guide) by his teacher, Zhang Ming successfully made a small model robot6According to the airline rules, we suggest you _(
4、should) switch_(switch) off your mobile phone before boarding7(2018浙江卷6月)Many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily _recycled_ (recycle) but require more energy to produce and transport8After we _fastened_ (fasten) our seat belts, the driver started the bus a
5、nd headed for our destination拓展单词1_tolerate_vt容忍；忍受_tolerance_ n容忍2_impress_ v(使)留下深刻印象_impression_n印象；感想；印记_impressive_adj给人深刻印象的3_constant_ adj时常发生的；连续不断的_constantly_ adv不断地4_surround_ vt围绕_surroundings_n周围的事物；环境_surrounding_ adj周围的5_adjust_ vt调整；使适应_adjustment_ n调整；调节6_press_vi& vt按；压；逼迫n按；压；印刷；新
6、闻_pressure_n压力；挤压；压迫(感)7_instant_n瞬间；片刻adj立即的；立刻的_instantly_adv马上 conj一就8_settle_ v定居；解决_settlement_ n定居；解决9_exhaust_ vt耗尽_exhausted_adj筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的10_motivate_ v成为的动机；激励_motivation_ n动机11_certain_ adj 确信的；有把握的_uncertain_adj(反义词)不确切的；无把握的_certainty_n确信1We are in _instant_ need of help Please tell us
7、_instantly_they arrive (instant)2The city of Hangzhou is really an _impressive_ place Especially the famous West Lake always leaves quite an_ impression_ on the visitors I was strongly _impressed_by its beauty the first time I visited it (impress) 3The famous star was enjoying the pleasant _surround
8、ings_ when he was recognized and was _surrounded_ by a crowd of fans (surround)4The firm is _pressing_ me for a decision and the _pressure_ from my parents is quite unbearable, so I had to accept this new job (press) 5An official was sent to _settle_ the problem but different opinions of two sides d
9、estroyed all the hopes of a peaceful _settlement_ (settle)联想积累：1单复数意义不同的名词集锦good善行；好处goods货物brain智力brains 智者custom 习惯；风俗customs 海关instruction 教授instructions 用法说明pain痛苦pains辛苦；努力sand沙子sands沙滩time时间times时代2男女有别steward 乘务员；服务员stewardess 女乘务员waiter 男服务员waitress 女服务员actor 男演员actress 女演员host 男主人hostess 女主
10、人3后缀-ive形容词大观园attractive 吸引人的impressive 印象深刻的creative 创造性的constructive 建设性的expensive 昂贵的active 积极的positive 积极的短语语境助记写准记牢语境运用1_take up_拿起；接受；开始；继续；占用2_suffer from_患有(疾病等)；遭受3_as a result_结果；因此4_be greedy for_对贪婪5_(a) lack of_缺乏6_be back on ones feet_(困境后)恢复；完全复原7_lose sight of_看不见8_in all directions_
11、向四面八方9_sweep up_打扫；横扫10_slide into_(快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进11_remind sb of_使某人想起12_speed up_加速13_catch sight of_看见语境运用1You will have to _ speed up_ your car, or you will never catch up with them2I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldnt want to _take up_ too much of your time3Robert _slid into_ his o
12、wn bedroom without being noticed by his parents at midnight yesterday 4In order to bring health to his fathers attention, Li Ming _reminded_ him _of_ the bad effect of smoking5Mary _swept up_ all the broken glass before her mother came back home after work6I took a careful search in the crowds at th
13、e exit of the station, but I still _lost sight of_ my cousin句式运用速记背会原句知晓考点我会仿用1Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached由于缺乏新鲜的空气，我头痛。Hit by a lack of fresh air为过去分词短语作原因状语。1(北京卷)订购于一周多前 ，现在书随时都会到。_Ordered_ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now2Exhausted, I slid into bed and
14、 fell fast asleep我累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。形容词exhausted在句中作原因状语。2(浙江卷)对他们的娴熟感到吃惊，我决定像他们一样好。_Amazed_ at how skillful they were, I determined to be just as good3Well, now theres a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology现在，这里有一种装置，能利用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a system。3他陷入一种难以分辨是
15、非的局面。He got into _a situation where_ it is hard to decide what is right and wrong核心素养精讲层练 HE XIN SU YANG JING JIANG CENG LIAN1tolerate vt容忍；忍受词汇拓展tolerance n 宽容tolerant adj 宽容的用法归纳(1)tolerate(sb/sbs)doing sth容忍/忍受(某人)做某事(2)be tolerant of/towards对容忍温馨提示表示“容忍；忍受”的表达还有：stand(sb/sbs)doing sth忍受/容忍(某人)做某
16、事bear sbdoing/to do sth忍受/容忍某人做某事put up with忍受；容忍层级训练夯基单句语法填空。The government cant tolerate anyones _destroying_ (destroy) cultural relicsIf neighbors want to get along well with each other, they have to show their _tolerance_ (tolerate)提能单句写作。(广东高考写作)在一些专家的眼中，火星上的生活条件非常艰苦难以忍受。In some experts opinion
17、, living conditions on the Mars _are very hard to tolerate_ 2lack vi& vt 缺乏；没有n缺乏；不足词汇拓展lacking adj短缺的；缺乏的用法归纳(1)lack (for) 缺乏lack for nothing 什么也不缺(2)(a) lack of缺乏for/through lack of因缺乏(have/there is) no lack of不缺少(3)be lacking in缺乏温馨提示lack虽可作及物动词用，但不用于被动语态；lack作不及物动词用时，常与介词for连用；lack作名词用时，常与介词of连用
18、；形容词lacking常与介词in连用。层级训练夯基单句语法填空。Though _lacking_(lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university_Lacking_(lack) such experience will constantly trouble you in your businessMore and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack _of_ spaceAlthough she is rich in knowled
19、ge, she is lacking _in_ practical experience提能一句多译。他缺乏与他人交流的技能，因此在比赛中失败了。_He lacked the skill to communicate with others_，so he failed in the competition (lack vt)_He was lacking in the skill to communicate with others_，so he failed in the competition(lacking in)_Lacking the skill to communicate wit
20、h others_，he failed in the competition(分词作状语)_For lack of the skill to communicate with others_，he failed in the competition(介词短语)3press vi& vt 按；压；逼迫 n按；压；印刷；新闻界词汇拓展pressure n 压(力)；压强；强制用法归纳(1)pressagainst/to把压/挤/贴在press sb to do sth极力劝说/敦促某人做某事(2)under pressure 面临压力；受到压力层级训练夯基单句语法填空。Out of curiosi
21、ty, the little girl pressed her nose _against_ the shop windowMy friends pressed me _to seize_ (seize) the opportunity(2019全国卷)It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood _pressure_ (press), and put people into a better mood提能熟词生义。The press is/are not allow
22、ed to attend the trial_新闻工作者；记者；新闻界_提能单句写作。_No matter how much pressure you are under_，you should never give up halfway无论你面临多少压力，都不要半途放弃。4instant n瞬间；片刻adj 立即的；立刻的归纳拓展(1)in an instantinstantly 立刻；马上；弹指之间for an instant 一瞬间(2)(3)on/uponarrive, reach, hear, see等动词相应的名词形式或动名词形式，表示“一就”。层级训练夯基单句语法填空。He ma
23、de _an_ instant decision to risk his own life to save the drowning child_In_ an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water提能一句多译。一到达剧院，他发现朋友给他的票忘在家里了。_On/Upon arriving at_the theatre, he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home(on/upon)_The instant/moment/minute he arrived at
24、_ the theatre, he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home(instant/moment/minute)_Instantly/Immediately/Directly he arrived at_ the theatre, he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home(instantly/immediately/directly)5take up拿起；接受；开始；继续；占据归纳拓展take away带走take off脱下；起飞take out取出；扣
25、除take in吸收；欺骗；理解take on雇佣；呈现；承担take back拿回；收回take it easy放轻松take over接收；接管take down写下；记下层级训练夯基写出下列句中take up的含义。He will take up his post as the head of the civil courts at the end of next month_开始从事_Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？_接受_We tried to find a
26、table for seven, but they were all taken up_占用_She took up the story where Tim had left off_继续_提能用take相关短语的适当形式填空。Internet shopping will readily _take off_ when people make sure that it is safeHe didnt _take in_ what he read because his mind was on something elseTechnology is here to help us, but we
27、 should not allow it to _take over_ our livesIn fact, non-verbal communication _takes up_ about 50% of what we really meanIf you do not _take back_ what you said, I shall not speak to you again6lose sight of看不见归纳拓展catch sight of看到；看见come into sight进入视野；映入眼帘at the sight of一看见就at first sight乍一看within
28、sight在视野内out of sight在视野外；在看不见的地方层级训练根据语境用sight的相关词语完成下列小片段。On their way to the bus station, Li Ying and Zhang Hua felt very sadThey still remembered the partyThe moment Li Ying _caught sight of_(看见) Zhang Hua, she decided he was the man she wanted to marry and Zhang Hua felt the sameClearly, they f
29、ell in love _at first sight_(乍一看)But Li Yings father expected her to marry a rich manLi Ying had to go home to persuade her father to give up the ideaThe bus was _in/within sight_(在视野内)Then she got on the bus, uncertain about whether his father would accept Zhang HuaZhang Hua watched the bus until i
30、t was _out of sight_(看不见), feeling rather helpless and hopeless7speed up加速；加快归纳拓展(1)gather speed/pick up speed加速(2)at high/low/full/top speed以高/低/全/最高速at a speed of以速度at the speed of light/sound以光/声速(3)slow down(reduce speed)减速层级训练夯基单句语法填空。If we should throw the ball at _a_ speed of about five miles
31、 a second, it wouldnt fall back to the groundDistances were not a problem, since radio waves could travel globally at _the_ speed of lightModern inventions have speeded _up_ peoples lives in some aspects amazingly(2020全国卷阅读)The glowing plants in the future will speed_up energy production提能熟词生义。Drive
32、rs who are caught speeding risk a heavy fine_超速驾驶_提能单句写作。We all need to _speed up to accomplish our task_ ahead of time我们都需要加快速度以争取提前完成任务。8Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached由于缺乏新鲜的空气，我头痛。本句的画线部分为过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于Because my head was hit by a lack of fresh air。归纳拓展过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让
33、步、方式、伴随等情况，一般表示被动或完成。使用时应注意两点：一是过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致；二是过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语一般为被动或完成关系。层级训练夯基单句语法填空。If _given_(give) the same treatment, the patient is sure to get wellGenerally speaking, when _taken_(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effectAfter his journey from abroad, Richard Jones
34、returned home, _exhausted_(exhaust)_Located_(locate) in the central district, the Xian Hotel offers the best service with the lowest price_Offered_(offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous_Given_(give) the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players ma
35、y one day grow into international stars(2018全国卷书面表达)_Shown_ (show) this Sunday afternoon, the film will last two hours提能一句多译。从高层建筑物上看，公园看上去更漂亮。_When it is seen from_ the top of the high building, the park looks even more beautiful (时间状语从句)_Seen from_ the top of the high building, the park looks even
36、 more beautiful(分词作状语)_Seeing from_ the top of the high building, I find the park even more beautiful(分词作状语)9Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。Exhausted用作状语。用法归纳形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。注意事项形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。层级
37、训练夯基单句语法填空。To our relief, the missing child returned home ten days later, tired but _healthy_ (health)_Surprised_ (surprise) and happy, he stood up and accepted the prizeThe boy lay on the sofa, _relaxed_ (relax)(2018全国卷)_Luckily_ (luck), I met a very good teacher, who encouraged me to take some mat
38、h classes, business classes and history classes提能句式升级。(全国卷书面表达)I am worried about making mistakes, so Im writing to bother you to correct the words and format in the material I attach to the letter _Worried about making mistakes_，Im writing to bother you to correct the words and format in the materi
39、al I attach to the letter(形容词作状语)高效演练素能提升 GAO XIAO YAN LIAN SU NENG TI SHENG单句语法填空1My good performance in the job interview left me optimistic _about_ my future and about what I can do here解析：句意：我在工作面试中的好表现让我对未来和自己在这里能做的很乐观。2With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seen as an _effi
40、cient_(efficiency) way of reaching target customers解析：efficient“有效的”。根据语境中的increasingly popular可知，网购是一种有效的方式，故填efficient。句意：随着网上购物越来越流行，网络被认为是一种有效的吸引目标顾客的方式。3I think _what_ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses解析：考查名词性从句。句意：我认为关于他的绘画让我印象深刻的是他使用的颜色。impresses缺少主语，故用what引导名词性从句。4Her _m
41、otivation_ (motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education解析：句意：她写作的动力是渴望妇女获得更高一点教育的权利。motivation“动机，动力”。5Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a _tolerant_(tolerance) smile and let him go解析：句意：没有责备那个打破花瓶的孩子，她朝他宽容地笑了笑，让他走了。tolerant“宽容的”
42、。6_For_ lack of human protection, the number of Yangtze Finless Porpoise is becoming smaller and smaller解析：句意：由于缺乏人类保护，长江江豚的数量变得越来越少。for lack of“因缺乏”。7(北京卷)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _spent_(spend) with his students解析：考查过去分词作定语。time与spend之间是被动关系。8Its impossible for her to
43、 have more free time to accompany her parents because her work takes _up_ much of her time解析：句意：她不可能有更多的空余时间来陪伴她的父母，因为工作占据了她的大部分时间。take up“拿起，占据(时间或空间)”。9What was so _impressive_(impress) about Jasmine Westlands victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed解析：句意：Jasmine Westland打动人的地方是
44、她赤脚在马拉松比赛中得了第一名。impressive“打动人的，有感染力的”。10Briggs will take _over_ as general manager when Mitchell retires解析：句意：Mitchell退休后，Briggs将会接管当总经理。take over“接管”。11(江苏卷)In 1963 the UN set up the world Food Programme, one of _whose_ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation解析：考查定语从句。句意：1963年，联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，目的
45、之一是减轻世界范围的饥饿问题。12Making _a_ good impression on the interviewers is of vital _importance_(important)解析：句意：给面试官留下好的印象是极其重要的。固定搭配leave/make a good impression on sbleave/make sba good impression，故第一空应填入a。be of importance be important。13It is difficult for us to imagine _what_life was like for slaves in
46、the ancient world解析：考查名词性从句。句意：对我们来说，想像奴隶们在古代的生活是什么样子是很难的。空格处引导宾语从句，从句中be like后缺少宾语，故用what引导。14_Left_(leave) at home reading all day, the boy felt very lonely and wished to go out to play with his friends解析：考查非谓语动词。leave在这里表示“留下”，与主语the boy之间构成动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作状语。15(江苏卷)We choose this hotel because th
47、e price for a night here is down to $20, half of _what_ it used to charge解析：句意：我们选择这家旅馆，因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是他们以前要价的一半。what引导宾语从句，在从句中作charge的宾语。单句改错1Deeply impressed on its beauty, I fell in love with Guilin_onby_2It took me a few weeks to get used to my new surrounding_surroundingsurroundings_3The s
48、chool cannot tolerate cheat in exams_cheatcheating_4As soon as she entered her own room, she caught sight the gift bought by her father_sight后加of_5Although the lady looks elegant, actually she is hard to get along_along后加with_6The train picked speed and soon disappeared out of sight_pick后加up_单句写作1因为
49、缺乏勇气，他们在中途放弃了。(分词作状语；lack)_Lacking courage，they gave up halfway_2(2020全国卷书面表达)被绿树环绕的农场坐落在我们学校附近的山脚下。(surround)_Surrounded by green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school_3她时常向我抱怨，那里的工作条件让人难以忍受。(beadjto do；tolerate)_She complained to me constantly that the working condition
50、s there were hard to tolerate_4安妮溜进那个带家具的房间，却没有找到那本小说集。(slide into；collection)_Anne slid into the furnished room，but didnt find that collection of novels_5又累又渴，他走进一家茶馆，一个机器人服务员迅速过来招待他。(形容词作状语)_Tired and thirsty，he went into a tea-house and a robot waiter quickly came up to serve him_语篇填空At first my
51、new surroundings were difficult _1to tolerate_ (tolerate)The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen leftHit by _2a_ lack of fresh air, my head achedJust as I tried to make the necessary _3adjustment_ (adjust) to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared“Put on this mask，”
52、 he advised“Itll make you feel much better” He handed _4it_ to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a restI felt _5better_(good) in no timeSoon I was back _6on_ my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage _7driven_(drive) by computerThese carriages floa
53、t _8above_ the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftlyWang Ping fastened my safety belt _9and_ showed me how to use itSoon I could fly as fast as _10him_(he)话题写作用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文假设某英文报社向中学生征文，题目是“The House in the Future”。请根据下列要点和你的畅想完成短文。如何智能化；怎样服务于人。补充要点句(加黑体部分请利
54、用本单元所学词汇)随着科技的发展，将来的房子在许多方面不仅智能而且贴心。_With the development of science and technology_，the house in the future will be smart and caring _in many aspects_ 未来的房子由电脑控制，了解主人的好恶，并能和主人交流。(分词作状语)_Controlled by computers_，the future house will learn about the masters likes and dislikes and communicate with hi
55、m它会发信息告诉主人缺乏日用品。It will send the master messages to inform its master _there is a lack of daily goods _房子一意识到主人疲惫不堪，就会调节自身使环境更舒适。_The instant/Instantly it senses its master is exhausted，the house can adjust itself to make the surroundings comfortable_太阳能充电系统将回收利用水并把废物变为燃料，这对环境极为有利。A solar powered sy
56、stem will _recycle water and turn waste into fuel_ This is _of great benefit to_ the environment毫无疑问，未来的房子会给我们提供各种便利。_There is no doubt that the house in the future will offer every convenience to us_升级平淡句利用非限制性定语从句升级句_A solar powered system will recycle water and turn waste into fuel，which is of gr
57、eat benefit to the environment_衔接成美文(请利用适当的过渡衔接词汇，如：besides，in addition，for example，in conclusion，to begin with等) The House in the Future _With the development of science and technology, the house in the future will be smart and caring in many aspects To begin with, controlled by computers, the futu
58、re house will learn about the masters likes and dislikes and communicate with him For example，it will send the master messages to inform its master there is a lack of daily goods Besides, the instant/instantly it senses its master is exhausted, the house can adjust itself to make the surroundings comfortable In addition，a solar powered system will recycle water and turn waste into fuel，which is of great benefit to the environment In conclusion, there is no doubt that the house in the future will offer every convenience to us_
