1、Unit 2 Onwards and upwards Using language语法精讲探化学习动名词与不定式作宾语(-ing and to-infinitive as object)【情境探究】观察上面对话,并完成句子。1.Its a pay day,and they are waiting _(pay).2.No matter how hard it is,well keep _(try)until we make it.to be paidtrying【要义详析】一、动名词作宾语1.动名词可以跟在动词后面作宾语。常见的只能接动名词不能接不定式作宾语的动词有:表示“建议”“完成”“推迟”
2、和“想象”:suggest,finish,postpone,delay,imagine表示“需要”“承认”“介意”和“原谅”:require,admit,mind,pardon,excuse表示“避免”“冒险”“练”“逃”和“错过”:avoid,risk,practice,escape,miss表示“允许”“考虑”“理解”“喜欢”和“欣赏”:allow,permit,consider,understand,enjoy,appreciate*I dont like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.我不喜欢看电视,但是喜
3、欢听收音机。*He tried to avoid answering my questions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。2.动名词作介词宾语常用在动词短语后。insist on,keep on,get used to,see to,pay attention to,take to,give up,aim at,believe in,be engaged in,care for,accuse.of,put off,prevent.from,thank.for,devote.to,depend on,set about,be fond of,be tired of,succeedin,be ke
4、en on,worry about,apologize for,feel like,dream of,lead to,be worth*He insisted on doing it in his own way.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。*Its quite hot today.Do you feel like going for a swim?今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗?【名师点津】动词-ing的复合结构作宾语(1)形容词性物主代词+动词-ing(2)人称代词宾格+动词-ing(3)名词所有格+动词-ing(4)名词+动词-ingWould you mind my/me using your
5、 cell phone?你介意我用你的手机吗?I knew nothing about the window being open.我一点儿也不知道窗户开着。【巧学助记】只能接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)口诀完成实践值得忙(finish,practice,be worth,be busy)继续习惯别放弃(keep on,be used to,give up)考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,cant help,feel like)喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)【即学活用】语法填空。(1)Young people may risk _(go)deaf if the
6、y are exposed to very loud musicevery day.(2)Have you finished _(write)your composition?Not yet.(3)The foreign friends are looking forward to _(show)around ourschool.(4)I used to practice _(speak)English every morning at university.(5)I dont agree this is of poor quality.For a start,it is a book wel
7、l worth _(read).goingwritingbeing shownspeakingreading二、不定式作宾语1.只能以不定式作宾语,而不能以动名词作宾语的动词有:(“希望”干)wish,hope,expect,long,desire;(早“打算”)plan,mean,prepare,attempt,intend;(“同意”“否”)agree,consent,refuse,decline;(“寻”“问”看)seek,ask,beg;(“选”“定”了)choose,decide,determine,promise;(“尽”“自愿”)manage,volunteer,tend;(“称
8、”“失败”)claim,fail;(“敢”“假装”)dare,pretend*The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没有及时看到另一辆车。*China hopes to promote the ties with Angola to a new stage.中国希望把和安哥拉的关系推向新的阶段。2.可用于“动词+it+形容词/名词+to do sth.”结构中的动词有feel,find,make,think,believe,consider等。*They all feel it very hard to learn English.他
9、们都认为学英语很难。3.有些介词后也可以接不定式作宾语,如介词but,about,except等。*This girl had no choice but to wait.这个女孩除了等待别无选择。【巧学助记】只能接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)口诀决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事【知识延伸】动词不定式作宾语,通常有三种形式:(1)一般式:动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作(状态)同时发生,或是在它之后发生。当动词不定式的逻辑主语是其所表示的动作的发出者时,用主动形式(to do);当动词不定式的逻辑主语是其所表示的动作的承受者时,用被动
10、形式(to be done)。*He appears to be very happy.他看起来很高兴。*He refused to be photographed.他拒绝让人拍照。(2)进行式:动词不定式的进行式(to be doing)表示动词不定式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,并强调动作的持续性或动作正在进行。*When I came in,he pretended to be sleeping.当我进来时,他假装正在睡觉。*It happened to be raining when I got there.我到达那里的时候,碰巧在下雨。(3)完成式:动词不定式的完成式(
11、to have done)表示动词不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。*He seems to have cut off the water supply.他好像已切断了供水。【即学活用】语法填空。(1)I had hoped _(send)him a telegram to congratulate him on hismarriage,but I didnt manage it.(2)There seemed nothing left to do but _(send)for the doctor.(3)Having failed in the driving test tw
12、ice,he decided _(not take)itagain.(4)If you want _(go)with us,you should be ready by eight oclock.(5)He gave us some advice on how _(learn)English.to sendsendnot to taketo goto learn三、接动词不定式/动词-ing 形式意义差别大的动词(短语)*Please remember to give my best regards to your family.请记着代我向你的家人问好。*I still remember v
13、isiting the museum for the first time.我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。*He tried to control his voice.他尽量控制住自己的声音。*They decided they would try living in America for a while.他们决定在美国住一段时间试试。【名师点津】在need,require,want(表”需要”)等动词的后面可接动词-ing形式作宾语(用主动形式表示被动含义),也可接动词不定式的被动式作宾语。【即学活用】语法填空。(1)The teacher regretted _(tell)Tom he
14、 didnt pass the exam,and Tom regretted not _(study)hard.(2)I remembered _(lock)the door before I left the office,but forgot _(turn)off the lights.(3)After he finished _(do)maths homework,he went on _(write)a composition.to tellstudyingto lockto turndoingto write(4)Im determined to solve this mystery
15、 even if it means _(travel)to New York by myself.(5)The condition of this car is so serious.It really needs _(repair)before driving on the road again.travelingrepairing/to be repaired【语法主题应用】使用本单元所学动名词和不定式的相关知识,结合中文提示补全短文。Mr Zhang is a successful businessman in our city.When he was fifteen years old
16、,his family was so poor that he had to(1)_(退学)at school.To help support his family,he did lots of part-time jobs.Later,he(2)_(碰巧挽救了)a wealthy businessman.The businessman(3)_(许诺奖励)him.Mr Zhang told him that he(4)_(想创办自己的公司).Hearing what Mr Zhang said,the businessman(5)_(同意帮他一把).Mr Zhangs company was
17、set up in 2000.Little by little,quit studyinghappened to savepromised to rewardwanted to set up his own businessagreed to lend hima handhe earned a lot of money and became wealthy.He always(6)_(后悔离开)school at a young age,so he(7)_(决定捐赠他的钱)to those children whose families were poor.Since then,Mr Zhan
18、g has(8)_(致力于帮助)those in trouble.Up to now,he has given away ten million yuan to charities.Although Mr Zhang is now in his sixties,he doesnt plan to(9)_(停止工作).And he(10)_(希望挣更多的钱)to help more people.regrets leavingdecided to give away his moneydevoted himself to helpingstop workinghopes to earn more
19、money主题活动话题实践.话题词汇1.look on the bright side(对坏情况)持乐观态度,看到光明的一面2.not lift a finger一点忙也不帮,油瓶倒了都不扶3.a wet blanket扫兴的人或物4.an eager beaver干活特别卖力的人,对工作极有热忱的人5.drag ones feet故意拖拉,故意拖延6.turn over a new leaf改恶从善,重新做人7.as cool as a cucumber镇定自若8.be made up of由组成9.ups and downs盛衰,浮沉,苦乐10.lend sb.an ear倾听某人.话题情
20、境根据情境和提示完成对话。1.A:Excuse me.Hows your sons maths going?B:Not very well,but I _(一点忙也帮不上)2.A:Lets go outing tomorrow,shall we?B:Im sorry,Ill stay at home and watch TV.A:Come on,dont be such _(扫兴的人).havent lifted a fingera wet blanket3.A:What do you think of Mike?B:He is _(对工作极有热忱的人)but he is not very o
21、rganized.4.A:Tom is always late for school.B:Thats too bad.He needs to _(改恶从善).5.A:The exam is coming.Im feeling a little anxious.B:You should be _(镇定自若)because you are always working hard.an eager beaverturn over a new leafas cool as a cucumber.情境句式1.Are you OK?你还好吗?2.I dont mean to be nosy,but are
22、 you sure?我不想多管闲事,但是你确定吗?3.Why dont you tell me whats up?你为什么不告诉我发生了什么事?4.Im sure you did your best.我确信你尽力了。5.You should be proud of yourself.你应该以你自己为豪。6.Why are you so upset?你为什么如此难过?7.I know this is hard for you,but you should cheer up.我知道这对你来说很难,但你应该振作起来。.情境交流在放学回家的路上Kate看起来很难过,Mike关切地询问发生了什么事。Mi
23、ke:Are you OK?1._(你为什么如此难过)?Kate:Im all right.Dont worry about me.Mike:2._(你为什么不告诉我发生了什么事)?Perhaps I can help you with it.Kate:You cant lift a finger.I havent done well in the maths exam.Why are you so upsetWhy dont you tell me whats upMike:You mean you have failed in the maths exam?Kate:No,but Im not satisfied with the result.Mike:I know this is hard for you,but 3._(你应该振作起来).Im sure 4._(你尽力了).Kate:Thank you for comforting me.you should cheer upyou did your best
