1、选修八Unit 5Meeting your ancestors.阅读理解A(2020成都市三诊)Archaeology (考古学) isnt the dusty science it was a generation ago. New technologies that once seemed out of science fiction are now locating buried traces of buildings and revealing the ruins of cities.For more than a decade, Sarah Parcak and her team h
2、ave been in the front line of this revolution. They use satellite images to find and explore ancient sites around the globe. Now theyre about to take on a new challenge as they focus the GlobalXplorer citizen-science project on India.In 2017, Parcak launched an online platform, called GlobalXplorer,
3、 to crowdsource (众包) the initial assessment of satellite images for signs of cultures from long ago. Anyone in the world with a computer and Internet access could help discover and protect remains of Perus rich cultural heritage. The results have been surprising. About 80,000 participants from a hun
4、dred countries have identified 19,000 sites that were not in Perus database. The platform for Peru is still running.If all goes well, the work in India could last for years. “India has had relatively little archaeological work done，” Parcak said. Also, the full extent of Indias archaeological work h
5、as never been mapped completely. Parcak expects her project to make up that. “Wherever we end up going, the crowds going to be able to see extraordinary things，” Parcak said.Thirty-six Indias cultural heritage relics are already listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Parcak thinks there could be ten
6、s of thousands of as yet unknown sites mapped as part of this project. The discoveries promise to be amazing across the land that has seen a parade of cultures come and go.In the future, she hopes other countries will contact her to launch their own satellite surveys. The possibilities are huge. Par
7、cak estimates that there are at least 12 million potential archaeological sites yet to be discovered. That means the sky is the limit for her project now that it has got off the ground successfully.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Sarah Parcak和她的团队在2017年启动了一个名为GlobalXplorer的在线平台，以众包的形式对卫星图像进行初步评估，从而在全球各地寻找和探索古代遗址
8、。现在他们将在印度进行他们的考古项目。1Whats the purpose of Parcaks project？ D ATo interview citizens via the Internet.BTo make more remains be World Heritage Sites.CTo build databases for unknown cultural heritage.DTo identify unknown ancient sites through joint efforts.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“to crowdsource (众包) the initia
9、l assessment of satellite images for signs of cultures from long ago”可知，这个项目的目的是通过共同努力发现未知的古代遗址。故D项正确。2What do we know about the participants in Peru project？ A A. They are Internet-equipped volunteers.BThey are well-trained voluntary scholars.CThey are mostly fans of archaeology in Peru.DThey are a
10、ll archaeologists all over the world.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Anyone in the world with a computer and Internet access could help discover and protect remains of Perus rich cultural heritage.”可知，世界上任何一个有电脑和互联网接入的人都可以帮助发现和保护秘鲁丰富的文化遗产遗迹。故A项正确。3Why is Parcaks project important to India？ A A. India lacks thoroug
11、h archaeological work.BIndians call for the protection of their rich culture.CTheres no amazing archaeological discovery in India.DIndia needs more relics listed as World Heritage Sites.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，印度已完成的考古工作相对较少，且印度的考古工作的全部范围从未被完全绘制出来，而Parcak期望她的项目能弥补这一点，因此该项目对印度是重要的。故A项正确。4What does the un
12、derlined sentence “The possibilities are huge” in Paragraph 6 mean？ D AParcaks project will become successful.BFew countries will start satellite surveys.CThere will be amazing discoveries in India.DMore archaeological sites will be identified.解析：句意理解题。画线句上一句提到“未来，Parcak希望其他国家能联系她，发起他们自己的卫星调查”；后一句提到
13、“Farcak估计至少还有1 200万处潜在的考古遗址有待发现”。由此可推知，画线句“可能性是巨大的”言外之意是“更多的考古遗址将被发现”，故D项正确。B(2020山东高考信息卷)The ruins of a Maya city have been discovered in Guatemala with the help of the remote sensing technique LiDAR. This lost city envelops sites like Tikal, Holmul, and Witzna, but shows that these famous areas ar
14、e a small part of this lost urban network.Hidden under the jungles of the Maya Biosphere Reserve site, more than 60, 000 human-made featureshomes, canals, highways, and morehave been identified in aerial (从飞机上的) images collected by some international researchers headed by the PACUNAM Foundation, a M
15、aya cultural and natural heritage organization. Those have experts rethinking the outlines and complexity of the Maya Empire.These ancient peoples obviously created these imaginative cultures based on their known relics (遗迹), but the new research has suggested that the size of this lost society is f
16、ar beyond what experts imagined. The findings will be explored in a one-hour documentary called “Lost Treasures of the Maya Snake Kings”， to be broadcast on the National Geographic Channel.This breakthrough was possible thanks to LiDAR sensors, which can survey lands in 3D by bouncing pulses off the
17、 ground from unmanned air vehicles and others. LiDAR is exceptionally useful for detecting archeological (考古的) sites, as it gets through jungles and other features that hold up exploration on the ground. The technique has made many discoveries become a reality in recent years. For instance, major fi
18、nds at Angkor, Cambodia and Caracol, Belize can explain what it did. The final goal is to survey Guatemalas lowlands with it.“There are entire cities we didnt know about now showing up in the survey data，” Francisco Estrada-Belli, one of the lead archeologists on the project, said in Nat Geos coming
19、 documentary. “There are 20,000 square kilometres more to be explored and there are going to be hundreds of cities about the mysterious people who built this urban network there that we dont know about, and we will push back the frontiers with the technology，” he added. 文章大意：本文是文明文。在LiDAR技术的帮助下，考古学家
20、在危地马拉发现了一座巨大的玛雅城的废墟。5What does the underlined word “Those” in paragraph 2 refer to？ B AJungles.BHuman-made features.CResearchers.DAerial images.解析：代词指代题。根据画线词上文内容可知，隐藏在玛雅生物圈保护区丛林下的人造景观，包括房屋、运河、公路等，让专家们重新思考玛雅帝国的轮廓和复杂性，故Those指Human-made features。6What does the author want to convey in paragraph 4？ D A
21、The working principle of LiDAR sensors.BThe process of researching Maya civilization.CGreat importance of Guatemalas lowlands.DLiDARs contribution to discovering the relics.解析：段落大意题。根据该段中的“This breakthrough was possible thanks to LiDAR sensors”“The technique has made many discoveries become a realit
22、y in recent years.”可知，作者在本段主要介绍了LiDAR技术在发现遗址方面起到的重大作用，旨在突出这一技术的贡献和重要性。故选D项。7Which words can best describe the lost Maya city？ C ASmall and hidden.BFamous and high-tech.CVast and complex. DFully-explored and imaginative.解析：推理判断题。根据首段中的“This lost city envelops sites like Tikal，Holmul，and Witzna，but sh
23、ows that these famous areas are a small part of this lost urban network.”和第三段中的“thesize of this lost society is far beyond what experts imagined”及最后一段中的 “There are 20,000 square kilometres more to be explored and there are going to be hundreds of cities about the mysterious people who built this urb
24、an network there that we dont know about”，可判断，玛雅城是广袤的；根据第二段中的“more than 60,000 human-made featureshomes，canals，highways，and morehave been identified.Those have experts rethinking the outlines and complexity of the Maya Empire.”可判断，玛雅城是复杂的。故选项C正确。8What will the archeologists do next？ A AContinue to e
25、xplore the unknown.BUpgrade the LiDAR technology.CStudy the documentary carefully.DBuild a massive urban network.解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There are 20,000 square kilometres more to be explored.and we will push back the frontiers with the technology”可推知，这些考古学家们将继续利用这一技术开拓新的领域，探索未知的地方。.阅读七选五(2021泰安市六月模拟)How
26、 to live a happy life? The following suggestions may be of great help to you.Keep positive. 1.C Optimists have a 35% less chance of having a heart attack or stroke, are more likely to eat a healthy diet and exercise regularly, have stronger immune systems and even live longer. If you face a challeng
27、e or obstacle, youre more likely to see it as a temporary or even optimistic thing, allowing you to learn and grow.Start volunteering. 2.G It can reduce the risk of cognitive (认知的) disorder. It can even help us live longer. Even if you have little time to offer, just the act of giving has been shown
28、 to improve your health, possibly by temporarily reducing your sense of pain.Be grateful. Counting our blessings protects us against anxiety and depression and boosts optimism. One of the best ways to make thankfulness a part of your life is to keep a journal. 3.E Keeping gratitude and recording you
29、r good deeds may help you live happily. 4.B People who are more socially connected with family, friends and the community are happier. Theyre physically healthier, and they live longer than people who are less connected. High-conflict marriages, without much affection, turn out to be very bad for he
30、alth, perhaps worse than getting divorced. 5.D AEat healthily and happily. BStrengthen social connections.CLooking on the bright side of life is really good for you.DInstead, living in good relationships is beneficial to health.EYou can set down some positive experiences in your diary.FYoull have no
31、 time to volunteer and give thanks in your life.GStudies show volunteering can reduce stress and depression.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何过上幸福的生活。1考查细节支撑句。根据本段的主题句“Keep positive.”及空后的“Optimists have a 35% less chance of having a heart attack or stroke.and even live longer”“allowing you to learn and grow.”可知，
32、本段主要讲的是要保持乐观，空后内容说明了保持乐观的好处。故C项符合语境。2考查细节支撑句。根据本段的主题句“Start volunteering.”可知，本段主要讲的是要开始志愿服务，再结合“It can reduce the risk of cognitive(认知的)disorder.It can even help us live longer.”等内容可知，空处所填内容应与“志愿服务及其益处”有关。故G项符合语境。3考查承上启下句。根据空前的“One of the best ways to make thankfulness a part of your life is to keep
33、 a journal.”可知，让感恩成为生活的一部分的最佳方式之一是写日记，因此，空处内容应与写日记有关。再结合空后的“Keeping gratitude and recording your good deeds may help you live happily.”可知，所记录的内容应是感恩之事、善行等积极的体验。故E项符合语境。4考查段落主旨句。根据空后的内容，尤其是“People who are more socially connected with family，friends and the community are happier.”可知，此处主要强调了社会关系的重要性。故B
34、项符合语境。5考查细节支撑句。根据空前的“Theyre physically healthier，and they live longer.High-conflict marriages，without much affection，turn out to be very bad for health”可知，有良好的社会关系的人更健康，活得更久，高冲突的婚姻有害健康，因此空处内容应陈述另一种情况，即良好的社会关系有益健康。故D项符合语境。.语法填空(2020河南省天一大联考段测二)The Terracotta Warriors, also 1.known ( know) as Terracot
35、ta Warriors and Horses Museum, is located about 36 kilometers (22.4 miles) east of Xian, it has life-sized sculptures of warriors and horses, all with different facial expressions and postures (姿势). The museum is a part of Qin Shi Huangs mausoleum(陵墓), 2.which has been guarded by the underground arm
36、y for over 2,000 years.The clay warriors and horses 3.were discovered (discover)accidentally when some local farmers sank a well at the foot of Mt Lishan in 1974. Excavation (发掘) was 4.later (late) carried out on the site and unearthed were more than 7,000 clay soldiers, over 100 chariots, more than
37、 400 clay horses and over 100,000 pieces of weaponry.The museum mainly consists 5.of three pits(坑)marked numerically in order of their excavation. When the 6.original (origin) sculptures were first unearthed, they were painted different colors. 7.However , because of their exposure to the atmosphere
38、, they have 8.gradually (gradual) faded over time.The Terracotta Warriors is the most significant archaeological discovery of the 20th century in China. It is considered to be on 9.the same level of historical importance as the pyramids of Egypt and the sculptures of ancient Greece. The museum is a
39、major world tourist destination, with about twenty percent of its visitors ing (come) from outside of China.文章大意：本文介绍了秦始皇兵马俑的发掘和保护。解析：1考查非谓语动词。主语The Terracotta Warriors与动词know之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。2考查定语从句。此处用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Qin Shi Huangs mausoleum(陵墓)，且关系代词在从句中作主语。3考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。主语The cl
40、ay warriors and horses(复数名词)与谓语动词discover之间为被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。4考查副词比较级。此处用副词later，意为“其后，随后”。5考查介词。consist of“由组成(或构成)”。6考查形容词。此处用形容词修饰名词sculptures。7考查副词。此处用副词however表示语义的转折。8考查副词。此处用副词修饰谓语动词faded。9考查冠词。此处用定冠词the特指相同的重要性。10考查非谓语动词。此处为“with名词现在分词”的复合结构。名词性短语about twenty percent of its visitor
41、s中visitors与动词come之间存在主动关系，故用现在分词形式。.短文改错(2021哈六中第一次调研考试)Not only our parents give us life, but they also give us endless love and support, always sharing our happiness with sorrow. Im very grateful for my parents. They give me so much love and spare no efforts to support me. I still remembered when
42、I was seriously ill, they were so worried and almost kept my company the whole night. Now Im in Senior 3. Lucky for me, my parents can understand my stressed condition and often communicate with me with encouraging words. However, they give me enough personal space, that I appreciate so much. What I
43、 should do now is to study hard. When I grow up, Ill try my best to make my parents to live a happy life.答案：Not only our parents give us life, but they also give us endless love and support, always sharing our happiness sorrow. Im very grateful my parents. They give me so much love and spare no effo
44、rts to support me. I still when I was seriously ill, they were so worried and almost kept company the whole night. Now Im in Senior 3. for me, my parents can understand my condition and often communicate with me with encouraging words. ， they give me enough personal space, I appreciate so much. What
45、 I should do now is to study hard. When I grow up, Ill try my best to make my parents to live a happy life.文章大意：这是一篇议论文。作者表达了自己对父母的感激之情。解析：1考查倒装句。句意：父母不仅给了我们生命，而且给了我们无尽的爱和支持，总是分享我们的快乐和悲伤。not only放句首，句子要部分倒装，把助动词放在主语前面。故our前面添加do。2考查连词。根据句意可知happiness和sorrow之间是并列关系。故with改为and。3考查介词。句意：我非常感谢我的父母。固定短语b
46、e grateful to sb.“感激某人”。故for改为to。4考查动词时态。句意：我现在依旧记得有一次我病得很厉害。动作发生在现在，一般现在时。故remembered改为remember。5考查代词。句意：我还记得我病得很重的时候，他们很担心，几乎陪了我一整夜。固定短语keep sb. company“陪伴某人”。故my改为me。6考查副词。句意：幸运的是，我的父母能够理解我的压力状况，经常用鼓励的话和我交流。副词放句首修饰整个句子。故Lucky改为Luckily。7考查形容词。stressed焦虑的，修饰人；stressful，充满压力的，修饰物。故stressed改为stressful。8考查接连副词。句意：此外，他们给我足够的个人空间，我很感激。两句之间为递进关系。故However改为Besides/Furthermore/Moreover。9考查定语从句连接词。逗号后面是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰上文整个句子，故用which。故that改为which。10考查固定用法。句意：当我长大了，我会尽我最大的努力让我的父母过上幸福的生活。make sb. do sth.使某人做某事。故去掉to。
