1、阅读素养提升(一). 阅读理解A (2020长沙高二检测)After disappearing for over 19 years, measles (麻疹) is making a comeback in America. Since January 2019, the disease has infected more than 700 people, mostly small children, and the number seems to be increasing daily. Measles is an infectious disease that typically begi
2、ns with a high fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes. Many people also lose their appetites and feel sleepy. About three to four days after the symptoms start, the person breaks out into a rash (皮疹) that begins on the face at the hairline and then spreads to the neck and the rest of the bod
3、y. In healthy people, the recovery, which takes between two to three weeks, starts soon after the rash begins. However, for about 40 percent of patients mainly kids under the age of five or older adults the disease often leads to pneumonia (肺炎), which, if left untreated, could result in death. The r
4、ecent outbreak is thought to have been caused by travelers picking up the virus in a country where the disease is still existing and exposing it to an unvaccinated (未接种疫苗的) community in the US. In New York, it was carried back by someone who had recently visited Israel, which is currently undergoing
5、 a significant measles, while in Washington, “patient zero” was infected by a type that is currently circulating in Europe. To limit the spread of the disease before it gets out of hand, US health officials are attempting to educate communities with high rates of unvaccinated children. They are also
6、 urging adults to consult with their physicians and get injected if considered necessary by the doctor. Hopefully, health officials worldwide will be able to convince parents that vaccinating their children will protect, not harm, them. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了在美国消失了19年的麻疹又卷土重来, 并解释了麻疹的症状和患病的结果, 并呼吁未接种疫
7、苗的儿童尽早接种疫苗。1. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. The causes of measles. B. The symptoms of measles. C. The possible results of measles. D. The cures for measles. 【解析】选C。段落大意题。根据第三段的主要内容可知, 对于健康的人来说两到三周的时间就可恢复, 但对于40%的患者(主要是5岁以下的儿童或老年人)通常会引起肺炎, 不及时治疗, 可能会导致死亡, 所以本段主要内容是麻疹可能导致的结果。2. Why did
8、some people develop measles in America? A. Because it is too hot this year. B. Because people are too stressed. C. Because pollution is too serious. D. Because the virus was taken to America. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段的The recent outbreak is thought to have been caused by travelers picking up the virus in a
9、 country where the disease is still existing and exposing it to an unvaccinated community in the US. 可知美国有些人会患上麻疹的原因是最近的疫情被认为是由携带病毒的旅行者引起的。3. What do we know about measles? A. It once disappeared in America. B. It starts with a rash. C. It is mild to everyone. D. It is impossible to cure. 【解析】选A。推理判
10、断题。根据第一段的After disappearing for over 19 years, measles is making a comeback in America. 在消失了19年之后, 麻疹正在美国卷土重来。可知麻疹在美国曾消失过。4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A. Health. B. Education. C. Science. D. Entertainment. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。本文讲述了在美国消失了19年的麻疹又卷土重来的相关情况。由此推知本文会出现在报纸中的“健康”版块。BOxf
11、ord and Cambridge have now decided to remove the words CANT and IMPOSSIBLE from their dictionary. Jessica Cox, 25, a girl born without arms, stands inside an aircraft. The girl from Tucson, Arizona got the Sport Pilot certificate lately and became the first pilot licensed to fly using only her feet.
12、 Jessica Cox of Tucson was born without arms, but that has only stopped her from doing one thing: using the word “cant”. Her latest flight into the seemingly impossible is becoming the first pilot licensed to fly using only her feet. With one foot manning the controls and the other delicately guidin
13、g the steering column, Cox, 25, soared to achieve a Sport Pilot certificate. Her certificate qualifies her to fly a light-spot aircraft to altitudes of 10, 000 feet. “Shes a good pilot. Shes rock solid, ” said Parrish Traweek, 42, the flying instructor at San Manuels Ray Blair Airport. Parrish Trawe
14、ek runs PC Aircraft Maintenance and Flight Services and has trained many pilots, some of whom didnt come close to Coxs abilities. “When she came up here driving a car, ”Traweek recalled, “I knew shed have no problem flying a plane. ”Doctors never learned why she was born without arms, but she figure
15、d out early on that she didnt want to use prosthetic devices. So, the next time you are ready to tell yourself, “I cant possibly. . . ” remember this amazing young woman and change your vocabulary. 【文章大意】文章叙述出生时就失去双臂的Cox获得了驾驶飞机的驾照, 成为了第一个获准用脚飞行的飞行员, 从而向人们证明残疾人和普通人一样, 有能力实现自己的目标。5. The word CANT will
16、 be removed from the two dictionaries because of _. A. the first woman pilotB. a very special flight serviceC. a great flight with a light-spot aircraftD. the flight in a seemingly impossible way【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段“Jessica Cox of Tucson was born without arms, but that has only stopped her from doing
17、one thing: using the word cant”以及第二段“Her latest flight into the seemingly impossible is becoming the first pilot licensed to fly using only her feet. ”可知, Jessica Cox出生时没有双臂, 但这只阻止了她做一件事: 用“cant”这个词。她最新的一次飞行似乎是不可能的, 她成为了第一个获准用脚飞行的飞行员。所以“cant”这个词将会从两个字典中被删除主要是由于, 她成为了第一个获准用脚飞行的飞行员, 她以一种看似不可能的方式告诉全世界的
18、人, 一切都没有“cant, impossible”。故选D。6. According to Parrish Traweek, Jessica Cox _. A. flies the plane by standing in itB. is good at driving a car with her legsC. has been her workmate for two yearsD. is one of the best pilots trained by her【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段“Shes a good pilot. Shes rock solid, . . . so
19、me of whom didnt come close to Coxs abilities. ”可知, 她是个好飞行员。她意志坚强, 其中有些人还没有达到Cox的能力。所以据Parrish Traweek说, Jessica Cox是她培养过的最好的飞行员之一。故选D。7. What can be known from the text? A. Jessica Cox has been armless for 25 years. B. Jessica Cox was normal when she was young. C. There are no suitable prosthetic d
20、evices for Jessica Cox. D. The doctors have discovered how Jessica Cox lost her arms. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段“Jessica Cox, 25, a girl born without arms, ”可知, Jessica Cox, 25岁, 一个出生时没有双臂的女孩。所以判断出Jessica Cox已经失去手臂25年了。故选A。8. The best title for the text may be _. A. Flying with no handsB. Jessica Cox, a dis
21、abled pilotC. Living with a positive attitudeD. Two words will disappear from dictionaries【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 短文叙述了出生时就失去双臂的Cox获得了驾驶飞机的驾照, 成为了第一个获准用脚飞行的飞行员, 从而向人们证明残疾人和普通人一样, 有能力实现自己的目标。所以短文都是围绕着标题“没有手的飞行”而展开的。故A选项“没有手的飞行”是短文最佳的标题。故选A。C(2020沈阳高二检测) Duiker Island is a 200-meter-long island off the c
22、oast of South Africa, which is surrounded by 55 to 57 degrees Fahrenheit waters and covered with over 60, 000 seals and some birds. This island has been home to many birds and seals. You may think this island is a paradise. In fact, the island is not famous for the seals or birds. However, the real
23、stars are the great white sharks that leap out of the water to catch the seals they are hunting. You may think that there is no way for a 15-foot long, 3000-pound shark to hurl its body out of the water and catch a seal in midair. Actually, these sharks are called “Air Jaws”. Over the years, the sea
24、ls have gotten smarter. Now, they go out in groups of seven or eight to feed. They swim down on the sea floor, which gives them extra cover. When they have to swim near the surface of water, they swim in a zigzag pattern(Z字形). But with all these tricks, they can still be cleverly beaten by the shark
25、s. Usually, the sharks will take one seal away from its group and force it to swim on the surface, where it is easy to hunt. Sometimes, the seal is fortunate and gets away, but most of them die in the process of trying to survive. Every year, tourists go to see these amazing animals leap out of the
26、water, sometimes throwing their whole bodies into the air when they want to catch the seals. This is the reason why this island attracts thousands of tourists from around the world every year. 【文章大意】南非的海豹岛上大白鲨捕食海豹的景象, 每年都吸引大批的游客。9. Which of the following statements is true? A. Duiker Island is cover
27、ed with only 6, 000 seals. B. Great white sharks always catch seals under the water. C. The way the great white sharks hunt makes Duiker Island famous. D. Duiker Island is a 200-meter-long island in North Africa. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文中第一段第一句可知A和D项错误。根据第一段最后一句可知大白鲨会从水里跃起到半空中对海豹进行捕食, 故B项错误。根据文中最后一段可知, 海豹岛上
28、真正有名的并不是海豹或者是鸟, 而是在半空中捕食海豹的大白鲨。C项正确。10. The seals swim in a zigzag pattern to _. A. prove they are smartB. play in groupsC. search for foodD. avoid the white sharks【解析】选D。推理判断题。文章一、二段提到, 海豹会被大白鲨捕食, 第三段提到海豹在多年来的发展中是如何避免被捕杀的: 海豹在海底潜游时, 深海给了它们额外的保护; 它们不得不在海面上游时, 则会采用Z字形来抵御大白鲨的攻击。故选D。11. According to Pa
29、ragraph 3, we can know _. A. the seals have learned how to escapeB. the seals usually swim near the water surfaceC. the sharks are often successful in hunting the sealsD. the sharks are less intelligent than the seals【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段可知, 虽然海豹有抵御大白鲨的办法, 但还是很难逃脱大白鲨的捕杀。故A项和D项错误。在不得已的时候海豹才会游到海面上。故B项错误。
30、虽然海豹会玩一些小把戏, 但大白鲨还是能够捕捉到海豹, 而且大白鲨还会把一头海豹赶上海面, 这样捕食起来就会更容易了, C项正确。. 阅读填句Emergencies can happen anytime, anywhere, so being prepared for one is important for you and your family. 1 Sure, you can buy ready-made first aid kits (急救箱) in the store, but it is also easy to make your own. Pick a good contain
31、er. You can buy pre-filled first aid kits, and you can also buy empty first aid kit containers. One good option is a large, translucent (半透明的), or flexible plastic container. 2 It should be easy to transport as needed to the emergency, so a handle is ideal. 3When your child is crying about injuries
32、on her knee, you dont want your home kit buried on the back of a closet or lost because its not being returned to the same spot after each use. Teach your family about the kit. Make sure everyone in your home who is old enough to understand the function of a first aid kit knows its location and when
33、 to fetch it. For younger children, teach them where it is located, so they could show a visitor, relative, babysitter, etc. But place the kit in a location where small children cant access it, such as on a high shelf. 4Keep your kit up-to-date. No one wants to fetch a first aid kit and find the ban
34、dage box empty or the pain relievers expired (过期的). 5Work with your doctor to determine what medicine should be included. Also include the physicians phone number and any important patient information. A. Make your kit safely accessible. B. Treat the kids knee injuries with the kit. C. This makes th
35、e materials inside visible. D. Let small children know how to use the kit. E. Keep track of supply amounts and expiration dates regularly. F. For older children and adults, instruct them on when and how to use the kit. G. Therefore, having a first aid kit is an essential part of good emergency prepa
36、ration. 【文章大意】为了防止意外紧急情况的出现, 拥有急救箱是良好应急准备的重要组成部分。1. 【解析】选G。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上一句“任何时候、任何地方都可能发生紧急情况, 因此做好准备对你和你的家人来说都很重要”及空后的下一句“当然, 你可以在商店里买到现成的急救箱”可知, 在紧急情况下, 对家人来说拥有急救箱是良好应急准备的重要组成部分。分析选项可知G项符合题意。故选G。2. 【解析】选C。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上一句“You can buy pre-filled first aid kits, and you can also buy emp
37、ty first aid kit containers. One good option is a large, translucent, or flexible plastic container. ”及下一句“It should be easy to transport as needed to the emergency, so a handle is ideal. ”做急救箱时, 最好选择一个大的, 半透明的, 或灵活的塑料容器。这样里面的材料可见, 易于使用。分析选项可知C项(这使得里面的材料可见)符合题意。故选C。3. 【解析】选A。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本小题是下面一
38、段的主旨句。分析下面一段可知, 主要叙述当出现紧急情况时, 药箱要容易找到, 而不是找不到了或丢了。分析选项可知A项(确保您的工具包安全可供使用)符合题意。故选A。4. 【解析】选F。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本小题所在段的主旨大意为“Teach your family about the kit. ”教你的每一个家人使用这个急救箱。以及本空前面说的“For younger children, teach them. . . ”分析选项可知, F项(对于年龄较大的儿童和成年人, 要指导他们如何使用工具包)符合题意。故选F项。5. 【解析】选E。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据本题的主题句“Keep your kit up-to-date” 及“No one wants to fetch a first aid kit and find the bandage box empty or the pain relievers expired”可知要定期更新急救箱的物品不过期, 要充实物品。分析选项可知E项(定期检查物品数量及物品的有效期)符合题意。故选E项。
