1、Unit 4Read the sentences from the text.1.I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.2.I stood for a minute watching them and went to greet them.3.She stepped back appearing surprised 4.Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling,together with 5.,she recognized Tony G
2、arcias smilingface.attributiveadverbialadverbialadverbialattributive一一:V-ing:V-ing 形式由形式由“dodoing”ing”构成构成,其其否定形式是否定形式是“not doing”,not doing”,没有人称和没有人称和数的变化数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。但有时态和语态的变化。Grammar V-ing V-ing 形式形式 语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式完成式(not)doing(not)doing(not)being done(not)being done(not)(not)having donehav
3、ing done(not)(not)having been donehaving been doneV-ingV-ing形式作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。形式作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。11、单个动词的单个动词的V-ing V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语置修饰语,这时有两种情况。这时有两种情况。1)1)-ing-ing形式表示被修饰者的作用或功能形式表示被修饰者的作用或功能,这类作这类作定语的定语的-ing-ing形式叫动名词。形式叫动名词。a swimming pool=a pool used for swimminga swimming pool
4、=a pool used for swimming drinking water=drinking water=a sleeping cara sleeping car=动词-ing做定语water used for drinkinga car used for sleeping2)-ing形式表示“.的”意思,表被修饰者的动作或状态，叫现在分词。a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping working people=the rising sun=people who are workingsun that is rising2、动词-ing形式短语作定
5、语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句。如:They are visitors coming from several countries.The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.In the following years he worked even harder.在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father.x k正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。3、现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the followi
6、ng years=in the years that followedthe man speaking to the teacher=the man who is speaking to the teacher 1)._ dogs seldom bite.A.Bark B.To bark C.Barked D.Barking 2).The wolf spoke in a _ voice and Mr.Dongguo felt_.A.frightening;frightened B.frightened;frightened C.frighten;frightening D.frightenin
7、g;frightening3.Its pleasure to watch the face of a _ baby.A.asleep B.sleep C.sleeping D.slept 4.The _ buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming.A.shaking B.shook C.shaken D.shake动词-ing在语法功能上相当于动词、形容词和副词。现在分词通常和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。但要注意它的各种形式变化：主动形式被动形式V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed动词-
8、ing做状语一般式完成式1.Hearing the bell,the students began to enter the classroom.听见和进入两个动作同时发生。2.The building being built now is our new library.being built为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。3.Having done the work,he went home.完成了工作，他就回家了。现在分词作状语现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。现在分词作状语，常常用来表示原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的的状语（通
9、常用不定式表目的状语）。Walking in the street,I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street,I came across an old friend of mine.)While waiting for the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.(=While he was waiting for the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.)1）表时间状语2)表原因状语Being ill,he didnt go
10、to school.(=Because/As he was ill,he didnt go to school.)Being a student,you should study hard.(=Since you are a student,you should study hard.)Thinking he might be at home,I called him.(=As I thought he might be at home,I called him.)3)表方式、伴随情况地状语：作伴随状语地分词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个 动作，或是与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓
11、语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。He sat on the sofa,watching TV.(=He sat on the sofa,and watched TV.)他们笑着谈着走进了教室。_,they went into the classroom.他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。He stood leaning against the wall.(He stood and leaned against the wall.)Laughing and talking4)表结果Her mother died in 1990,leaving her with her younger bro
12、ther.(=Her mother died in 1990,and left her with her younger brother.)全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。The song is sung all over the country,_ .making it the most popular song5)表条件Using your head,you will find a way.(=If you use your head,you will find a way.)一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。_,you will see a white house
13、.Walking ahead 6)与逻辑主语构成独立主格：All the tickets having been sold out,they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Time permitting,well do another two exercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用with(without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式With the lights burning,he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了。(7)作独立成分：Judging from(by)his appearance,he
14、must be an actor.从外表看，他一定是个演员。Attention Please -ing形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。Time permitting,I will pay a visit to the whole city.(分词的逻辑主语是time,而句子的主语是I,两者不构成主谓关系,所以只能用独立主格结构,也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。)the British ladythe Columbianthe Japanesethe Canadian You see her step back appearing surprised.His nose touc
15、hes Mr.Cooks moving hand.You see her step back appearing surprised.=You see her step back and she appears surprised.They also express their feelings using unspoken language.=They also express their feelings by the way of using unspoken language.His nose touched Mr.Cooks movinghand.=His nose touched
16、Mr.Cooks hand which is moving.=They are visitors who come from several countries.They are visitors coming from several countries.=This is an experience which is exciting.This is an exciting experience.1.When he approached Ms Smith,he touched her shoulder and kissed her._ _ Ms Smith,he touched her sh
17、oulder and kissed her.Rewrite the following sentences.When approaching2.The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages.The person _ _ _can speak seven languages.translating the songs3.The boy standing there is reading a book about body language.The boy _ _ _ there is reading a boo
18、k about body language.who is standing4.Because he comes from Jordan,he moves close to ask you a question._ _ Jordan,he moves close to ask you a question.Coming from5.She sat at the desk and did her homework.She sat at the desk _ _ _.doing herhomework Grammar work 语法专练用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Not _(know)his ad
19、dress,I couldnt go to see him yesterday.2.Look out for cars when _(cross)the street.3.Not _(invite)to the party,Mary was greatly hurt.knowingcrossinghaving been invited4.He dived into the water,_(leave)only his face exposed.5.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door,_(read)“Sorry to m
20、iss you;I will call later.”6._(take)a deep breath,they dived into the water.7._(close)the windows and the door,the students left the room.leavingreadingTakingHaving closed Grammar quiz 语法小测 1.When _ different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities.
21、A.compared B.being compared C.comparing D.having compared2.Whenever he was asked why he was late for class,he would answer carelessly,always _ the same thing.A.saying B.said C.to say D.having said 3.There are hundreds of visitors _in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.A.w
22、aited B.to wait C.waiting D.wait 4._,the more expensive the camera,the better its quality.A.General speaking B.Speaking general C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally5.“You cant catch me!”Janet shouted,_ away.A.run B.running C.to run D.ran 1.Having not seen the film,I cant tell you what I think o
23、f it.2.The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay.3.Seen from the top of the hill,we find the city more beautiful.4.Generally speak,facial expressions are helpful communications,too.Not havingworkingSeeingspeakingCorrect the sentences.5.“Cant you read?”the man said,angrily pointed to the notice
24、 on the wall.6.Knocking at the door before entering,please.7.European football is played in 80 countries,made it the most popular sport in the world.pointingKnockmakingChoose the best answer.1.They set out _ for the _ boy.A.searching;losing B.searching;lost C.to search;lost D.searched;losing 2.The s
25、tudent sat there,_ what to do.A.doesnt knowing B.didnt knowing C.not know D.not knowing4.The _ Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks,_ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.visiting;add B.visited;adding C.visiting;adding D.visited;added 5.The stranger said something in _ voice and t
26、he little girl was very much _ A.frightening,frightened B.frightened,frightening C.frightening,frightening D.frightened,frightened 6._the piano,someone suddenly knocked at the door.A.Playing B.When I was playing C.Repairing D.Examining7.Mother caught the boy _ in the corner.A.smoke B.to smoke C.bein
27、g smoked D.smoking8.Generally speaking,_ according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.A.when taking B.when taken C.when to take D.when to be taken 9._ the programme,they have to stay there for another 2 weeks.A.Not completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Having not completed10
28、.“We cant go out in this weather”,said Bob,_ out of the window.A.looking B.to look C.looked D.having looked 11.Though _ money,his parents managed to send him to university.A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in 12.The bell _ the end of the period rang,_ our heated discussion.A.indicating;interr
29、upting B.indicated;interrupting C.indicating;interrupted D.indicated;interrupted 13._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered 14.He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A.put B.
30、to be putting C.to put D.putting 15.-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _ that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done 16.Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away,_ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;dis
31、appeared C.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearing 17._in the queue of half an hour.Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To wait B.Have waited C.Having waited D.To have waited18.The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A.Having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung19
32、._ suddenly,the girl with tearful eyes ran out of the office.A.Turned B.To turn C.Turning D.Turn20.The problem _ at the meeting now is how to help the local economy develop quickly.A.discussing B.discuss C.being discussed D.to be discussed21.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the ans
33、wers ready will be of great help.A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having22.I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _ talking while she works.A.working;stopping B.to work;stopping C.working;to stop D.to work;to stop23.Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come t
34、o see him soon.A.said B.says C.saying D.to say 24.We often provide our children with toys,footballs or basketballs,_ that all children like these things.A.thinking B.think C.to think D.thought根据A句完成B句,使两句意思不变。1.A:Having done their homework,the children played football.B:_,the children played footbal
35、l.2.A:If you work hard,you will do well in the exam.B:_,you will do well in the exam.3.A:The boy fell,striking his head against the door and cutting it.After they had done their homeworkWorking hard B:The boy fell _ _.4.A:She sat there and stared at the ceiling.B:She sat there,_.5.A:Although he is not rich,he helped the poor generously.B:_,he helped the poor generously.so that he struck his head against the door and cut it staring at the ceilingNot being richHomework1.Finish the exercises in Discovering useful structures.
