1、直接引语和间接引语Direct and Indirect SpeechThe shoes are too big for me.What did he say?He said the shoes He said the shoes were too big for were too big for him.him.基本概念直接引述别人的原话。通常都用引号“”括起来。用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语PresentationPresentationBoys act one cartoon figure and says some
2、thing.Teacher asks“What did he/she say?”Girls act the other cartoon figure andanswer the teachers question.Then boys and girls exchange.She said she had been to many countries.She said she would call on you the next day.I am good at dancing.I have been to many countries.I will call on you tomorrow.I
3、 visited the Great Wall yesterday.She said that she had visited the Great Wall the day before.She said that she was good at dancing.结论一结论一直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句.从句中的人称,时态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语等相应变化.解题步骤:1.陈述句:“I dont like computers,”Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I dont lik
4、ecomputers.saiddidntsheSarah said to her friends that she didnt likecomputers.SarahDo you like flowers?She askedwhether/if I liked flowers?Where are you going for your holiday?She asked where I was going for my holiday.结论二结论二直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要从疑问语序变为陈述语序。直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词if或whether连接。直接引语是特殊疑问句,
5、变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。2.一般疑问句:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?(They asked him)They asked him ifIt is easy to improve the condition of the soil.it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.3.特殊疑问句：Why do
6、you fall asleep in class?(They asked him)They asked himWhyyou fall asleep in classyou fall asleep in class.hehe fellThey asked him why he fell asleep in class.He ordered/told me to be quiet!Be quiet!He ordered/told me not to make noise.Dont make noise!Follow me,please!He asked me to follow him.结论三结论
7、三直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词不定式，否定句，在动词不定式前加not或never.并根据语气的不同在动词不定前加tell,ask,order,beg，advise等动词。口诀说明直接引语间接引语11、人称的变化、人称的变化一随主二随宾三不变引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变She said,“I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,“you must get up early.”He told
8、Lily that she must get up early.She said to me,“They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted tohelp him.：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the earth.”The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.特殊:直接引语若是
9、客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变.22、时态的变化、时态的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词时间状语地点状语方向性动词 this,that,these thosenow,then,todaythat day this week that week yesterday the day before last weekthe week beforefour days agofour days beforethe day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next daynext monththe next month here there co
10、me,go,bring take、其其他他特特殊殊变变化化33注意事项注意事项1)人称2)时态3)相应的时间地点状语4)标点符号5)大小写6)问号改为句号7)语序-疑问改陈述8)宾语从句由什么引出9)祈使句要使用动词不定式来引述Role PlayRole PlayGroup work.Three students a group.One says something(please try to use the words and expressions learned in this unit),one asks,the third told the rest students what th
11、ey said in Indirect Speech.1.The teacher said，“Dont be late，Mary.”The teacher told _.A.Mary not to be late B.Mary to be not late C.Mary are not late D.not to be late2.He asked her，“Where are you going?”He asked her _.A.where she were going B.where she was going to C.where she was going D.where she i
12、s going巩固提高巩固提高3.The lady said，“I shall go there on time.”The lady said that _.A.she would come there on time B.she would come here on time C.she would got here on time D.he would got here on time4.He said to me，“I wrote to my father yesterday.”He told me he had written to his father _.A.the yesterd
13、ay B.before today C.the day before D.the next day5.The teacher asked，“Are you waiting for the bus?”The teacher asked _ for the bus.A.if I was waiting B.was I waiting C.you are waiting D.I was waiting6.The professor said that light _ faster than sound.A.travels B.traveled C.travel D.traveled7.My moth
14、er asked me to show my homework to her.My mother said to me，“Show _ homework.”A.her my B.me your C.her your D.me his4.“Why were you late again?”The teacher said to me.The teacher asked me why I was late again.实战演练实战演练1.He said,“I m afraid I cant finish this work.”2.He said,“I havent heard from him s
15、ince May.”3.Tom said“I will see you next week.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.Tom said that he would see me the next week.Sarah said she didnt like swimming.5.“I dont like swimming,”said Sarah.RevisionGrammar:Direct and Indirect
16、Speech(1)1.转述他人的陈述陈述句 She asked me what I was doing.1)He said,“Im going to Beijing.”He said that he was going to Beijing.2)He asked,“Are you a teacher?”He asked me if/whether I was a doctor.3)She said,“What are you doing?”2.转述他人的疑问一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题特殊疑问句直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化 He said,“I have been to the Gre
17、at Wall.”He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.He said,“Ill give you an examination next Monday.”He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.陈述句用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that,said to sb.that,told sb.that，不可直接说told that 一般疑问句 He sai
18、d,“Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”He asked(me)whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.He said,“You are interested in English,arent you?”He asked whether I was interested in English.间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序特殊疑问句 He said to me，“Whats
19、your name?”He asked me what my name was.He asked us,“How many car factories have been built in your country?”He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序选择疑问句 He asked,“Do you speak English or French?”He asked me whether I spoke Engli
20、sh or French.I asked,“Will you take bus or take train?”I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror 直接引语间接引语指示代词时间状语地点状语方向性动词 this,that,these thosenow,then,todaythat day this week that week yesterday the day before last weekthe week beforefour days agofour day
21、s beforethe day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next daynext monththe next month here there come,go,bring take5.注意地点的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1.注意时态的变化2.注意人称变化。3.注意指示代词的变化4.注意时间的变化6.注意个别趋向动词的变化When you change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech,you sometimes need to change the
22、 verb tense.You may also need to changepronouns,time in order to keep the same meaning.Direct indirect Presentpast Past past and past perfect Present perfectpast perfect Past perfectpast perfectThe geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1.直接引语表述的
23、是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变The geography teacher said,“The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”She says that shell never forget the days in the country.2.如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变The children said,“We love this game.”They told us that they love that game.3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。She says
24、,“Ill never forget the days in the country.”1.当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候2.当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时3.当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时4.当引语是谚语、格言时5.当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,had better,would rather,might,must,ought to,used to,need时从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况:Exercises:1.He said,“I m afraid I cant finish this work.”2.He said,
25、“I havent heard from him since May.”3.Tom said“I will see you next week.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.Tom said that he would see me the next week.4.“Why were you late again?”The teacher said to me.5.“I dont like swimming,”said Sarah.6.His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.7.“Have you been to Paris?”My classmate asked me.The teacher asked me why I was late again.Sarah said she didnt like swimming.His friends asked him,“Will you go to Dalian?”My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.
