1、名词性从句知识精析菜单语法专练隐 藏2012 优化探究 新课标高三总复习 配人教英语山东金太阳书业有限公司名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。一、引导名词性从句的连接词who、whom、whose、what、which、when、where、why、how、whether、that引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句;if引导介词和及物动词后的宾语从句;as if、because引导表语从句。1连接代词:who,whose,whom,what,which。有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾
2、语、定语等。(who指人,做主语或宾语;whom指人,作主语;whose与名词连用,做主语或宾语;what指物,做主语或宾语;which指物,表示选择,做主语或宾语)2连接副词:when,where,why,how。有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。3连接词:that,whether,if,as if,because。无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if(whether),as if,because有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。注意:连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether 和if(是否),as if(好象),because(因为)在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用
3、。根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词whether、if、because和as if都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。知识精析菜单语法专练隐 藏2012 优化探究 新课标高三总复习 配人教英语山东金太阳书业有限公司二、主语从句(主语从句中that不能省略)1主语从句在复合句中作主语。例如:Who will go is not important.2用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。例如:It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.3that引导主语从句时,不能省略。例如:That he suddenly
4、fell ill last week made us surprised.三、表语从句(asif、because可以引导表语从句)1表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。例如:The question was who could go there.2引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。例如:My idea is(that)we can get more comrades to help in the work.知识精析菜单语法专练隐 藏2012 优化探究 新课标高三总复习 配人教英语山东金太阳书业有限公司四、宾语从句位于及物动词、介词和形容词后的从句叫做宾语从句。(if可以引导及物动词
5、和形容词后的宾语从句,但不能引导介词后的宾语从句。)1宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。例如:I hope(that)everything is all right.2介词之后的宾语从句,不可用that或if连接,要分别用what或whether。例如:Im interested in whether youve finished the work.Im interested in what youve said.3whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether。例如:I wonder if
6、it doesnt rain.知识精析菜单语法专练隐 藏2012 优化探究 新课标高三总复习 配人教英语山东金太阳书业有限公司用if 会引起误解,就要用whether。例如:Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解)宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换。例如:I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether/if the report is true or not.介词
7、后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用whether。例如:It depends on whether we have enough time.They dont know whether to go there.Please come to see me if you have time.知识精析菜单语法专练隐 藏2012 优化探究 新课标高三总复习 配人教英语山东金太阳书业有限公司五、同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名
8、词的同位语,一般位于该名词(如:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等)之后,说明该名词的具体内容,对该名词进行解释说明。例如:I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.六、同位语从句和定语从句的不同1.从句性质不同同位语从句属于名词性从句,是用来进一步解释或补充说明前面的名词;而定语从句是用来说明先行词的性质或特征,起修饰或限制的作用,与先行词的关系是修饰与被修饰的关系,从句相当于形容词。例如:The plan th
9、at you will go there next week has to be changed.你准备下周去那里的计划得改变认真分析语境含义及句子结构可知,从句为the plan的具体内容,因此该句为同位语从句。The news that he told me was false.他告诉我的消息是假的。认真分析语境含义和句子结构可知,从句是用来修饰the news的,因此该句为定语从句。知识精析菜单语法专练隐 藏2012 优化探究 新课标高三总复习 配人教英语山东金太阳书业有限公司2关联词作用不同定语从句的关联词that在从句中作主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等,而同位语从句的关联
10、词that在从句中不担任成分。例如:The plan that Ill stay there for a week cant come true.我要在那儿呆一周的计划不能实现。分析句子成分可知,that在从句中不作任何成分,因此该句为同位语从句。The plan that he raised was reasonable.他提出的计划合理。(that在从句中作宾语,因此该句为定语从句)3同位语从句的先行词不同同位语从句的先行词就是被同位语从句修饰的名词,因为它和同位语从句在内容上相同,因此常为一些体现一定内容的名词,如:hope,plan,fact,news,problem,truth,id
11、ea,information等,此时同位语从句具体介绍这些名词的内容。同位语从句的先行词虽然体现同位语从句的内容,但在同位语从句中并不充当成分。知识精析菜单语法专练隐 藏2012 优化探究 新课标高三总复习 配人教英语山东金太阳书业有限公司七、that在宾语从句中不可省略的情况宾语从句的引导词that在口语中常常省略,但在下列情况中,that应保留。1.当主、从句之间有时间等状语时,that不能省略,否则会产生歧义。如:She said last night that she did some reading.She said last night she did some reading.(
12、last night可理解为修饰said或did some reading,因此产生歧义)2.主、从句之间有插入语时不可省去that。如:I dont doubt,in any case,that our school team will win the match.3.引导两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,第二个以及第二个以后的宾语从句中的that不能省略。如:Maria promised(that)she would come and see him sometimes,and that she would never forget him.知识精析菜单语法专练隐 藏2012 优化探究 新课标高
13、三总复习 配人教英语山东金太阳书业有限公司4如果宾语从句中含有主从复合句,that一般不省略。如:They promised me that if I worked hard from then on,they would buy me a computer.5宾语从句提前时,that一般不宜省略。如:That Bob was really frightened,I cant believe.正常语序为:I cant believe(that)Bob was really frightened。6简短回答中的宾语从句不宜省略that。如:What do you assume from his
14、attitude?That he was frightened.正常回答为I assume(that)he was frightened from his attitude。7当it作形式宾语代替that引导的宾语从句时,一般保留that。如:I found it quite a surprise that everybody in that city has a car.知识精析菜单语法专练隐 藏2012 优化探究 新课标高三总复习 配人教英语山东金太阳书业有限公司1高考真题(2010年高考天津卷)As a new graduate,he doesnt know_it takes to st
15、art a business here.A.howB.whatC.when D.which 真题变式As a new graduate,he doesnt know_it takes much to start a business here.A.if B.whetherC.what D.where知识精析菜单语法专练隐 藏2012 优化探究 新课标高三总复习 配人教英语山东金太阳书业有限公司2高考真题(2010年高考山东卷)Helping others is a habit,_ you can learn even at an early age.A.it B.thatC.what D.on
16、e真题变式Helping others is a habit,_ you can learn even at an early age.A.it B.thatC.which D.the one知识精析菜单语法专练隐 藏2012 优化探究 新课标高三总复习 配人教英语山东金太阳书业有限公司3高考真题(2010年高考湖南卷)Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _she was so angry.A.where B.whetherC.that D.why 真题变式Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _ she was so angry about.A.when B.whatC.where D.why知识精析菜单语法专练隐 藏2012 优化探究 新课标高三总复习 配人教英语山东金太阳书业有限公司本小节结束请按ESC键返回