1、The Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反。（过去虚拟）与现在事实相反。（现在虚拟）与将来事实可能相反。（将来虚拟）Teaching Aims 1.Unreal conditionals 非真实条件句的虚拟语气2.Mixed conditionals 交叉（混合）式虚拟语气3.Implied conditionals 含蓄式虚拟语气4.“（should)+动词原形”式虚拟语气5.as if/though w
2、ish would rather If only It is(high)time that It is+adj+that 从句中的虚拟语气The basic pattern of unreal conditionals:(非真实条件句)Revision and leading in1.非真实条件句的虚拟语气if从句动词主句动词与过去事实相反与现在事实相反与将来事实可能相反had donedid(were)1.did(were)would/should/could/might have donewould/should/could/might do2.were to do3.should don
3、 1._,all the students would hear.A.If the teacher had spoken louder B.If the teacher will speak louder C.Had the teacher spoken louder D.If the teacher spoke louder 2.If the professor _ the experiment on time,he _very happy.A.finished,would be,B.finished,beC.C.will finish,will be D.D.finish ,would b
4、en 3.If she had worked harder,she _.A.would succeed B.had succeeded C.should succeed D.would have succeededn 4.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.A.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt get C.had driven;wouldnt have got D.were driving;wouldnt get 5.What should we do if it _tomorrow?A.sh
5、ould snow B.were snow C.snow D.will snow6.If it _ tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Bridge.Which one is wrong?A.were to rain B.should rain C.would rain D.rainedWere I to go to the moon,I would see it with.2.If he had been there yesterday,he would have seen the film.Had he been there
6、 yesterday,he would have seen the film.1.If I were to go to the moon one day,I would see it with my own eyes.3.If it should snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out.Should it snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out.EXERCISE2.倒装句:if 省略，were,had,should提前n 4._ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the
7、Bridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Willn 5._ I known he needed money so badly,I might have managed to help him.A.Unless B.When C.If D.Hadn 6._ I be free tomorrow,I could go with you.A.Could B.Should C.Might D.Must 3.含有or,otherwise,with,without,but,but for,等词的含蓄虚拟条件句Without air ,there would be no livin
8、g things.But for your help ,I couldnt have done it.I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(_that day,I would have gone there with them.)I would have finished the work,but I have been ill.(_,I would have finished the work.)(If there were no air)(If there hadnt been your help)
9、If I hadnt been busyIf I hadnt been ill()5.He must have had an accident,or he_ here then.A.would have been B.had been C.should have been D.could be()6.We didnt know his telephone number,otherwise we _ him.A.would have telephoned B.must have telephoned C.would telephone D.had telephoned()7.Without el
10、ectricity human life _ quite different today.A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be()8.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,otherwise he _ a goal.A.had scored B.scored C.would score D.would have scored4.混合虚拟:注意时间状语！n If you had followed my advice,you _(be)able to finish the work no
11、w.n If I _(be)you,I _(go)to her birthday party last night.n If you _(work)hard now,you _(have)a bright future later on.n It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today If I _ in love at the age of seven,with the Melina Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.sho
12、uld fall D.were to fallwould bewerewould have goneworkedwould have4.虚拟语气特殊句型：(1)wish现在：过去：未来：did（were）had donewould/could/might do1)I wish I were a bird.2)I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.3)We wish our parents wouldnt punish us.（现在）过去（将来）(2).if only现在：过去：未来：did（were）had donewould/could/might do “要
13、是就好了”,结构=I wishIf only I _(know)her name!If only we _(follow)your advice!If only I _(can see)him again!knewhad followedcould see现在：过去：将来:did/werehad donewould+do(3).as if/though+从句 “好像”同wish3)When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had be
14、en broken1)The actor is 58 years old.But he acts as if he _(be)a young man.2)She talked about the film as if she _(see)it4)The clouds are getting darker and darker.It looks as if it _rain.A.is going to B.will C.was going to D.would.werehad seen(4).would rather that现在：过去：未来：I would rather you paid me
15、 now.I would rather you _(go)with me yesterday.Dont come.I would rather you _(come)tomorrow.比较 I would rather _(come)tomorrow.diddidhad donehad gonecamecome(5).Its(about/high)time+that should dodidIts time that you_(pick)up your son.比较 It _(be)the second time that you had picked up your son.It _(be)
16、the second time that you has picked up your son.(6)表示要求、命令、建议的从句中,谓语通常用“（should）+V原形”常见动词:一个坚持,两个命令,三个建议,四个要求1).insist2).order,command3).advise,suggest,propose4).demand,require,request,desiren We insisted that the meeting should not be held.（_语从句）n It was required that the crops should be harvested
17、at once.（_从句）n The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.(_从句)n Their demand is that their wages_(increase).(_从句)1）insist表示一个主张或一种看法，事情还没有发生，从句用虚拟语气should do.表示一个事实，后接的从句采用陈述语气。Mike insisted that he _ never _(steal)anything and _(set)free.注意：hadstolenshould be setHe insisted that she _(be)serio
18、usly ill and that _(send)to hospitals at once.wasbe sent2）suggest作“表明，暗示”用陈述语气；作“建议”时才用虚拟语气。He suggested that we _(finish)it before dark.His pale face suggested that he _(be)ill.was(should)finish7.Its necessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形nIt is important that _(我们
19、应该掌握一门外语)nIts necessary that _（了解各国的文化差异)we should master a foreign language.we should understand the cultural differences 7.某些简单句的固定句型：Heaven help him!God bless you!May you succeed!Long live the Peoples Republic of China!Listen to the tape recording and answer the following questions:1.Did the woma
20、n in the dialogue vote?Why or why not?2.Why didnt the man work in the campaign?3.What would the man would have done if he had worked in the campaign?vote（投票）election（选举）campaign（活动）rallies(集会)M:Did you vote in the last election?F:No.I wish I had voted,but I wasnt old enough.Did you?M:Yes,I did.But I
21、 wish I had worked in the campaign.I would certainly have if I hadnt gone to China.F:Did you have a chance to work on a campaign?M:Yes,I was offered a job as a campaign lead man.F:What would you have done if you had accepted the job?M:I would have gone to states where there were primary elections.I
22、would have set up rallies and organized people.F:You could have traveled all over the country.M:Yes,I could have.But instead I traveled all over China.Summary 1.Mixed conditionals（交叉式虚拟语气）2.Implied conditionals（含蓄式虚拟语气）3.“（should)+动词原形”式虚拟语气4.even if/though,as if/though wish If only would rather It is(high)time that It is+adj+that 从句中的虚拟语气
