1、八年级英语上册Unit 1语法知识讲解现在完成时(1)概念:动作在过去发生持续到现在,强调对现在所造成的影响或产生的结果(2)构成:助动词have/has+done(3)过去分词:规则变化:和过去式方法相同不规则(4)句型:(肯)have/has done:已经(否)havent/hasnt done:还未,还没(疑)Have/Has 主 done: 已经.了吗?例:I have finished my work(5)时间状语句中三后一前:ever(曾经) never(从未) always(一直) just(刚刚)句中三后一前或句尾 already 已经肯定句句中yet 仍,还否定或疑问句句尾
2、(注)not.yet 还没,还未Not yet.还未完成时的否定回答句首或句尾:so far=up to/till now 迄今为止段时间 在过去的一段时间内in the last/past 单名(去掉a/an) few 复名(去掉a)句尾:lately=recently 最近,近来 before 以前,之前 单用做副词时重点:for +段时间 长达.since 自从现在完成时 介+ 点时间since 介 + 段时间agoIts+段时间连+ 一般过去时 (注)since前有实义动词时,用现在完成时;前无实义动词,只有段时间,用It is+段时间代替现在完成时例:Its ten years si
3、nce I came here.I have lived here since I came here.(6)非延动词可以用于完成时,但不与段时间连用非延 连续begin/startbe on 开始 diebe died 死leavebe away 离开 finish/endbe over 结束go outbe out 出去 arrive herebe here 到达come backbe back 回来 closebe closed 关闭openbe open 打开/营业 joinbe in/be a member of 加入borrowhave 借 buyhave 买例:We have _
4、 friends from then on.(become)How long have you _ the book?(buy)(7)重点句型have been to 地 去过.(回来了或在说话现场)have gone to 地 去了.(没回来)have been in/at 地+段时间 在.多长时间(8)用法表过去的动作对现在的影响或结果ever,never表某种经历 次数have been to强调动作一直持续到现在 alwaysfor/since现在完成时不与明确的过去时间状语连用【P2】2.else(形)其他的 放在不定代词或特殊疑问词后other(形)其他的 后加复名(本)anyon
5、e else任何其他人What things can you see ? =What can you see? 其他的东西你能看到什么?3.(复习)true(形)对的,正确的 Sth come true .成为现实eg.Your dream will come true.truth (名/不) 事实,真相 find out the truth 查明真相truly (副)的确,确实 P5 It was truly like a flower.4.self(名/可)自己,自我,本人 the idea of self 自我的观点5.(复习)challenge(动/名)(动/及)挑战,向.下战书本:D
6、o you want to Challenge yourself??(名/可)挑战 eg.face a challengechallenging(形)挑战性的eg. Is it a challenging to study insects?6.make a speech = give a speech 做演讲7.accept(动/及)接受,认可 talk about experiences of accepting yourself 谈论接受自己的经历acceptable(形)可接受的,认同的,认可的8.value (名)(不)价值,价钱 the value of .的价值,.的价钱(可)价值
7、观,是非准则 本:talk about yourself and your values 谈论你自己和你的价值观valuable (形)有价值的,值钱的【P3-2】9.able(形)可能的(反:unable)be able to do 能够做.-able(形容词后缀)能.的,可.的,有.能力的eg. acceptable可接受的,believable可信的, comfortable舒服的ability(名/可)能力 10.person(名/可)人,个人(复数:people人们)in person 亲自地【Personal(形)个人的,私人的【Personality(名/可)个性,性格【P5】1
8、1.suppose ( 动/及) 猜测,猜想,认为1) I suppose + 宾从 我猜想 本:I suppose everyone has something they dont like about themselves.我想每个人都有不喜欢自己的地方。I dont suppose + 宾从 我猜想不2) suppose sb to do 猜想、认为某人去做(被)sb be supposed to do 某人应该做 = sb should doeg. You are supposed to shake hands.= You should shake hands.12.on my fac
9、e 在我的脸上13.secret(形/名)(名/可)1)秘密,机密 2)秘诀,诀窍 the secrets of.的秘诀(形)秘密的,保密的 secretly(副)秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地本:I felt people secretly looking at my face.我感觉人们偷偷的看着我的脸。secretary(名/可)秘书14.when(疑问词)何时引导特殊疑问句eg.When will you come back?(连)当.时 引导时间状语从句 本:But when I turned my head, they looked away.15.turn my head 转过头turn
10、 away 转身走开(P5)look away 转移目光,看向别处16.crowd(动/名)(动)(及)+地 挤满(不)+ into+地 挤进(名/可)群 a crowd of+复名大众,老百姓与the连用,表复数含义crowded(形)拥挤的反uncrowded 本:On crowded buses and trains 在拥挤的公共汽车和火车上 be crowded with sb/sth 挤满了17.feel like 1)感觉像 本:It felt just like a disaster. 感觉就像是一场灾难.2)想要 feel like doing 想要做 =want to do
11、sth=would like to do sth18.with so many people around me 在我的周围有如此多的人19.therefore(副)因此,所以20.keep my hair long 留长发21.named + 名字 = called +名字 被叫做.,被称为.做后置定语22.beside(介)在.旁边 本:sit right beside me 就坐在我的旁边besides(介)外加,除.还有23.instead(副) 相反,而不是 句首或问尾 instead of (介短)代替 + 名词/宾格代词/介词短语/动词ing24.make sb +形容词 使某人
12、处于.状态 本:make me so nervous 使我如此紧张make sb do sth 使某人做某事25.look up 1)抬头看,向上看(本) look up at.抬头看.2)查阅,查找(动副词组) eg.look up new word look up to 尊敬,看得起,崇拜26.smile(动/名)(动/不)微笑 smile at. 对.微笑laugh at. 嘲笑(名/可)微笑,笑容with a smile on ones face 某人面带微笑smiling(形)微笑的 smiling eyes 微笑的眼睛,笑眯眯的眼睛27.although (连)虽然,尽管引导让步状
13、从1)although=though 不与but连用2)even though = even if 尽管28.turn sunny in my heart 心里变得阳光明媚29.for the first time 第一次30.shape(名/可)形状 the shape of.的形状31.to my surprise 令我惊讶的是【P7 in surprise惊讶地【P7】32.row (动/名)(动/及)划船 row a boat 划船(名/可)(1)排,横排 本:the last row最后一排in a row 一排 in rows 成排,一排排地(2)划船 go for a row 去
14、划船33.must(情) 必须 1)肯定句: 例:You must study hard. 2)否定句:mustnt 禁止,不准 例:You mustnt play here. 3)疑问句Must I.?(肯答) Yes,you must.(否答)No,you neednt/dont have to 不必例:Must I do it now? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. 或 you dont have to.一定表推断 本:You must be good at basketball.34.reach(动)(及)到达 reach 地 = get to 地arr
15、ive in/at 地拿到,够到,摸到 本:reach sth down 取下来(不)伸手 reach out 伸出手 reach (out)for sth 伸手摸35.height(名/不)高度 the height of 的高度Whats the height of? 的高度是多少?in height 在高度上36.be proud of. 以.而骄傲【P8】37.willing(形)愿意的(反:unwilling)be willing to do sth 愿意做某事39.search(动/名)(动)搜索 search for. 寻找. 搜寻.search + 地 搜索某地(名/可)搜索
16、in search of.搜索.(介短)40.friendship(名/可)友谊,友情 a friendship with sb 和某人的友谊 【P10】1.wizard(名/可)男巫,巫师The Wonderful Wizard of Oz绿野仙踪2.词组:take place 发生,举行main characters 主角a strong wind一场大风【P11】3.solve(动/及)解决-solution(名/可)解决方法词组:solve problems解决问题the solution to. .的解决方法4.basic information 基本信息your favourite
17、 quote 你最喜欢的引文the main idea中心思想5.forget(动/及)忘记-forgettable(形)健忘的-unforgettable(形)难忘的本:the most unforgettable event 最难忘的事件【P12】6.athlete(名/可)运动员-athletic(形)精力充沛的7.fear(动/名)害怕,恐惧(动/及)fear to do sth害怕做某事(名/可/不可)fight ones fear战胜某人的恐惧8.doubt(动/名)疑惑常见:No doubt+从句 毫无疑问.3段:People doubted his decision. 人们怀疑
18、他的决定。9.stick sth into . 把某物插入.stick sth on. 把某物粘到.stick to. 坚持. (常见)stick to your dream/goal 坚持你的梦想/目标10.hold sb back 阻碍.(的发展)本:However, doubts and fears often hold us back.然而,疑虑和恐惧经常会阻止我们前进。11.silver screen电影业(尤指好莱坞),银幕12.sporting(形)与体育有关的sporting life体育生涯sporting hero 体育英雄13.in less than 10 second
19、s 在少于10秒的时间内=in under 10 secondsclock 9.99 seconds以9.99秒的成绩完成14.satisfy(动/及)使.满意satisfied(形)令人感到满意的(修饰sb)Satisfying(形)令人满意的(修饰sth)句型:be satisfied with. 对.满意【P13】15.risk(名/不可)风险,危险take the risk冒险risky(形)有风险的,有危险的本:a very risky decision 一个非常有风险的决定16.start from zero从零开始17.as long as+句子 只要.本:Nothing is impossible as long as you try and stick to it.只要你尝试并坚持下去,没有什么是不可能的。as long as+词或词组和.一样长Eg.Jims ruler is as long as yours.【P15】18.overcome the challenges 克服挑战5