1、八年级英语上册Unit 2知识点【Useful expressions】1.pack up things 收拾东西2.do chores：做家务3.sweep the floor：扫地4.clean the bathroom：打扫浴室5.feed the fish：喂鱼6.hang up photos：挂照片7.water plants：给植物浇水8.hang out with friends9.sort things into boxes：分类装箱10.invite sb.to.：邀请某人去11.clean up：打扫干净12.mop the floor：拖地13.look like：看起来
2、像14.grow flowers：种花15.keep fish：养鱼16.make sb.feel at home：使宾至如归17.in front of 在的前面18.add sth to sth 把加入19.go shopping：去购物20.buy drinks/fruit：买饮料/水果21.make biscuits：做饼干22.cook a meal：做饭23.borrow sth.from sb.：向某人借某物24.plan a treasure hunt：策划寻宝游戏25.give sb.a lift：让某人搭便车26.be careful with 注意;当心27.take n
3、otes 做笔记28.catch the train 赶火车 29.be busy doing sth.：忙于做某事30.cook dinner：做晚餐31.share sth with sb：把 与 分享32.set the table：摆餐具；布置餐桌33.tell jokes：讲笑话34.chat with sb.：和某人聊天35.no matter：不论；不要紧36.move your head up and down：上下点头37.with a high price：以高价38.take out the rubbish：倒垃圾39.feel free to do sth.：随意做某事
4、；不必拘束地做某事40.make paper cutting：做剪纸41.help (sb.) with sth.：帮助（某人）做某事42.do the dishes：洗碗43.walk the dog：遛狗44.make the bed：铺床45.do the laundry：洗衣服46.fold the clothes：叠衣服【Target sentences】1.-Can I hang out with my friends after lunch? -Sorry, Jim, but you have to pack up yourthings first.2.-Could you pl
5、ease sweep the floor?-Yes, Dad.lll do it at once.3.but we need to get ready before the movers come.4.Can you sort your things into those boxes?5.Remember to write “Jims bedroom” on each box!6.Could we keep some fish here?7.Thats a lot of work.8.Can you take care of them every day? 9.Could you please
6、 help me hang up the photos?10.Can I grow some flowers there? 11. Can I invite my friends to our new house? 12.Grandpa and Grandma are visiting us this weekend!13.I cant wait to show them our new house!14.We need to get ready for their arrival.15.I bought it for Grandpa to see the time.16.Grandpa li
7、kes reading books in front of the window.17.-Dad, could you please give me a lift to the shop this afternoon?-Sorry, but I have to work from home all day.18.-Helen, can I borrow your chess set?-Sure.Here you are.19. We got up very early in the morning to catch the train.The train journey took more t
8、han seven hours, 20.I saw Grandpa and my little cousin standing in the cold wind waiting for us.21.Grandma, my aunt, and my uncle were busy cooking dinner in the kitchen.22.I shared the snacks with my cousin and told Grandpa about school.23.He was happy to hear I was doing well at school.24.Mm, the
9、familiar taste of home!25.During the dinner, my uncle told us some jokes and we had a good laugh.26.Mum nodded, with tears in her eyes.27.No matter how long Im away, home is always glad to see me again.Home is a place of love.28.Everyone is friendly and always ready to give a hand.29.If you have any
10、 questions or need help, feel free to ask.30.It was fun to decorate your room last month.31.On Sunday, we can meet at the paint shop near the shopping centre and choose the paint together.【Language points】1.-Can I hang out with my friends after lunch? -Sorry, Jim, but you have to pack up yourthings
11、first.Can I.?这是口语中最常用的请求许可句型，用于礼貌地询问自己是否被允许做某事，语气委婉、随意，适用于熟人之间（如家人、朋友、师生等）。例：Can I borrow your pen?（我能借你的笔吗？）同义替换：更正式的表达：May I.?（语气更委婉，多用于对长辈、陌生人等需要更礼貌的场合）例：May I leave the room for a minute?（我可以离开房间一会儿吗？）更委婉的表达：Could I.?（比 Can I.语气更柔和，暗含 “不确定对方是否同意” 的试探意味）例：Could I use your phone to make a call?（我能
12、用你的手机打个电话吗？）hang out with sb “和某人一起闲逛”例：We usually hang out at the park on weekends.【拓展延伸】hang v.“悬挂” 和 “逗留”，需注意：作 “悬挂” 时，过去式 / 分词可用 hung作 “绞死” 时，过去式 / 分词只能用 hanged；hang up：挂断（电话）：悬挂She hung up before I could reply.Could you please help me hang up the photos?hang on：等一下（电话用语）：Hang on, Ill get her.ha
13、ng over：笼罩、威胁（常指不好的事情）The threat of rain hung over the picnic.have to 情态动词，表示 “必须、不得不”，强调客观上的义务、要求或外部压力（区别于主观意愿的 “must”）。后接动词原形，有人称，数和时态的变化。例：Its getting late, so she has to go now.pack up ones things “整理、打包（物品）”2.Remember to write “Jims bedroom” on each box!remember to do sth.意为 “记得去做某事”，强调动作尚未发生；r
14、emember doing sth. 意为 “记得做过某事”（动作已发生），如 Remember to take out the trash when you leave.(当你出去的时候记得把垃圾带出去)I remember writing his name yesterday.（我记得昨天写过他的名字。）3.Could we keep some fish here? Could we.? Could + 主语 + 动词原形？ 的结构，用于礼貌地征求对方许可keep作及物动词，意为 “饲养、喂养”，如keep a pet dog养一只宠物狗【拓展延伸】keep 还可以意为“保留、保存”：I
15、want to keep this photo.（我想保留这张照片。）keep+形容词“保持（状态）”：Keep quiet in the library.（图书馆里保持安静。）keep + 宾语 + 形容词/副词/介词短语（使宾语处于某种状态）； Keep the room clean.（保持房间干净。）【+ 形容词】He kept his eyes closed.（他一直闭着眼睛。）【+ 形容词】They kept the children inside during the rain.（下雨时他们让孩子们待在室内。）【+ 介词短语】keep + doing sth.（持续做某事）。She
16、 kept talking during the movie.（电影期间她一直在说话。）fish 此处指 “鱼”，单复数同形（表示 “多条鱼” 时仍用 fish；表示 “不同种类的鱼” 时复数为 fishes，此处泛指 “一些鱼”，用 fish 即可）。4.Thats a lot of work.work（不可数名词）She has a lot of work to do today.（她今天有很多工作要做。 强调工作内容）I love my workits very rewarding.（我热爱我的工作，很有意义。 强调职业活动）job（可数名词）He got a new job as a
17、teacher.（他找到了一份教师的新工作。 具体岗位）There are many jobs available in the IT industry.（IT 行业有很多工作机会。 多个岗位）【拓展延伸】work 作动词：表示 “工作” 的动作He works 8 hours a day.他每天工作 8 小时。引申义：“运转、起作用”The machine works well.这台机器运转良好。job 的固定搭配：do a good job（干得好）lose ones job（失业）part-time job（兼职）、full-time job（全职）5.Can you take care
18、 of them every day? take care of：照顾；care about：关心；在乎（某事 / 某人）care for：照顾；喜欢（= like，常用于否定句）例：I dont care for spicy food.（我不喜欢吃辣。）心take care：小【拓展延伸】careful adj.细心的、谨慎的be careful with对 小心；be careful to do sth 小心做某事Be careful with the fragile vase.（小心这个易碎的花瓶。）careless adj.粗心的、疏忽的be careless about 对 粗心；c
19、areless mistakes 粗心的错误He failed the exam because of careless errors.（他因粗心的错误考试不及格。）caring adj.有爱心的、关心他人的（强调 “主动关心、照顾他人”）。Shes a caring mother who always puts her kids first.（她是个有爱心的妈妈，总把孩子放在第一位。）carefully adv：小心地、仔细地（由 careful + ly 构成，修饰动词）。He does homework carefully .carelessly adv：粗心地、马虎地（由 carele
20、ss + ly 构成）。She wrote her name carelessly, and it was hard to read.6. Can I invite my friends to our new house? invite v.邀请invite sb.to+地点名词 邀请某人到某地invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事He invited me to his party yesterday.Chinese people often invite their friends to have dinner together.【拓展延伸】invitation作名词，意为
21、 “邀请；请柬”。accept an invitation：接受邀请refuse an invitation：拒绝邀请send/give an invitation：发出邀请7.Grandpa and Grandma are visiting us this weekend!现在进行时表将来句中 are visiting 是现在进行时结构（be + 现在分词），但此处并非表示 “正在进行的动作”，而是表示计划好的、即将发生的将来动作（“爷爷奶奶这周末要来看我们”）。这种用法常用于表示 “已安排好、确定会发生的近期计划”，尤其是移动性动词（visit, come, go, leave, arri
22、ve 等）。例句对比：现在进行时：They are visiting the museum now.（他们现在正在参观博物馆。）现在进行时表将来：They are visiting us next week.（他们下周要来看我们。）8.I cant wait to show them our new house!cant wait to do sth.意为 “迫不及待要做某事”They cant wait to start the trip.（show sb.sth：这是双宾语结构，意为 “向某人展示某物”，相当于 show sth.to sb.（把某物展示给某人）。【拓展延伸】show的短语
23、show up 出现；露面He didnt show up at the party.（他没在派对上露面。）show off 炫耀；卖弄She likes to show off her dancing skills.（她喜欢炫耀自己的舞技。）show around 带某人参观He showed me around the city.（他带我游览了这座城市。）9.We need to get ready for their arrival.need to do sth. 结构，意为 “需要做某事，need 此处为实义动词（区别于情态动词 need），后接不定式 to get 作宾语。She n
24、eeds to finish her homework first.否定与疑问形式：否定：We dont need to get ready yet.（我们还不需要准备。）疑问：Do we need to get ready now?（我们现在需要准备吗？）get ready for 为 做好准备get ready to do sth.准备做某事Students need to get ready for the exam.arrival 是动词 arrive 的名词形式，意为 “到达”10.I bought it for Grandpa to see the time.buy sth.for
25、 sb.为某人买某物，相当于 buy sb.sth.如：He bought his son a new bike .=He bought a new bike for his son.不定式 to see the time 作目的状语，说明 “买它” 的目的是 “看时间”。She made a cake for us to eat.（她做了个蛋糕给我们吃。）11.Grandpa likes reading books in front of the window.in front of：表示方位的介词短语，意为 “在 前面”，指在某个物体外部的前方，句中 in front of the win
26、dow 表示 “在窗户的前面”易混短语：in the front of 指 “在 内部的前面”，如 ：There is a desk in the front of the classroom.（教室内部的前面有一张桌子。）例句对比：He stands in front of the house.（他站在房子外面的前面。）He sits in the front of the car.（他坐在汽车内部的前排。）12.-Dad, could you please give me a lift to the shop this afternoon?-Sorry, but I have to wor
27、k from home all day.give sb.a lift：让某人搭便车、捎某人一程”，句中 give me a lift to the shop 即 “捎我去商店”。同义表达：give sb.a ride，如 Could you give me a ride to school?（你能捎我去学校吗？）lift 此处为名词，意为 “搭便车”，也可作动词表示 “举起”，如：Can you lift the box?have to 表示 “必须、不得不”，强调客观上的义务或限制I have to work from home 我不得不整天待在家工作。【拓展延伸】must和have to区
28、别：have to 侧重外部要求must 侧重主观意愿如 I must finish my homework.（我必须完成作业 主观决定）。She has to stay in bed because of illness.（她因病不得不卧床休息客观原因。）13. We got up very early in the morning to catch the train.The train journey took more than seven hours.catch the train： 赶火车，to catch the train作目的状语。catch 在此处表示 赶上（交通工具），常
29、见搭配还有 catch the bus（赶公交车）、catch the plane（赶飞机）。take + 时间：表示 “（做某事）花费 时间”区别于 “spend”：人作主语用 spend，如 I spent two hours on the work.（我花了两小时做这份工作。）14.I saw Grandpa and my little cousin standing in the cold wind waiting for us.see + 宾语 + doing sth.结构，意为 “看见某人正在做某事”，其中现在分词（doing）作宾补，强调动作的正在进行。例：I saw her d
30、ancing in the park.（我看见她正在公园里跳舞。）【拓展延伸】see +宾语+ do sth.（强调全过程 / 习惯性）例句：I saw him cross the road.（我看到他过马路的整个过程。）She often sees her neighbors walk their dog.（她经常看到邻居遛狗。）现在分词作状语句中的 “waiting for us” 是现在分词短语，作伴随状语，修饰宾语的动作，说明 “站立” 和 “等待” 两个动作同时发生。现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常与句子的宾语一致（此处均为 “Grandpa and my little cousin
31、”）。15.Grandma, my aunt, and my uncle were busy cooking dinner in the kitchen.busy adj.忙碌的be busy with + 名词“忙于某事”（后接具体事物、名词或名词短语）。My mom is busy with housework.Hes busy with a new project.be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”（后接动名词，强调具体动作）。They are busy preparing for the exam.（他们在忙着准备考试。）The kids were busy build
32、ing a sandcastle.（孩子们忙着堆沙堡。）16.I shared the snacks with my cousin and told Grandpa about school.share sth.with sb.意为 “与某人分享某物”She shared her toys with her little brother.Can you share travel stories with us?17.He was happy to hear I was doing well at school.be happy to do sth.“很高兴做某事”，不定式to do表原因或具体
33、动作。例句：She was happy to help us.（她很乐意帮助我们。）hear + (that) 从句 ：“听说”，hear 后接宾语从句，表 “通过听闻得知某情况”。例句：I heard (that) they moved to Paris.（我听说他们搬到巴黎了。）【拓展延伸】hear sth.“听到某物（的声音）”I heard a loud noise outside.hear of/about sb./sth.“听说过某人 / 某物”，表示间接得知其存在Have you heard of the writer?Did you hear about the acciden
34、t? hear from sb.“收到某人的来信 / 消息 / 电话等”，侧重 “得到联系”。We heard from them yesterdaytheyre arriving next week.hear + (that) 从句“听说”，后接宾语从句，说明具体听闻的内容（that 可省略）。I heard (that) theyre getting married.do well at/in.：“在 方面表现好 / 做得好”，well 是副词，修饰动词 do；at 后接具体场所（如 school），in 后接具体领域（如 study, math）。例句：He does well in s
35、ports.（他在体育方面很出色。）18.Mm, the familiar taste of home!familiar：“熟悉的；常见的”，常与介词with（“对 熟悉”）或to（“为 所熟悉”）搭配。例：Im familiar with this song.（我熟悉这首歌。）例：This song is familiar to me.（这首歌我很熟悉。）taste，此处为名词，指 “味觉体验；味道”，也可引申为 “风味；特色”（如 the taste of success “成功的滋味”）。作动词时表示 “品尝；有 味道”例：This soup tastes of garlic.这汤有大蒜
36、味。作系动词，表示“尝起来.”,后接形容词，如It tastes delicious.19.During the dinner, my uncle told us some jokes and we had a good laugh.During + 时间段：“在 期间”，后接表示一段时间的名词（如 dinner, week, meeting 等），强调动作在该时间段内发生。例句：I read a book during the flight.（我在飞行期间读了一本书。）tell sb.sth.双宾语结构：“告诉某人某事”，tell 后接两个宾语：间接宾语（sb.，指人）和直接宾语（sth.，
37、指物）。同义结构：tell sth.to sb.（将直接宾语提前，用 to 引出间接宾语）。例句：She told me a secret.= She told a secret to me.（她告诉了我一个秘密。）tell jokes 讲笑话have a good laugh：“开怀大笑；笑得很开心”，是口语中常用的固定短语，“have + a + 形容词 + 名词” 结构表 “进行一次 的动作”。类似结构还有 have a good time（玩得开心）、have a big cry（大哭一场）、have a long talk（长谈一番）。laugh at ：嘲笑20.Mum nodde
38、d, with tears in her eyes.伴随状语：with tears in her eyes，由 “with + 宾语 + 介词短语” 构成，补充说明主句动作发生时的伴随状态（“妈妈点头时的状态”）。 with 复合结构作伴随状语结构：with + 宾语 + 宾补（宾补可由介词短语、形容词、副词、现在分词等充当）表示 “伴随 状态”，说明主句动作发生时同时存在的情况，使句子更生动具体。She slept with the window open.（她开着窗睡觉。）（with + 宾语 + 形容词）He ran with a dog following him.（他跑着，一只狗跟着
39、他。）（with + 宾语 + 现在分词）Dad smiled, with pride in his voice.（爸爸笑了，声音里带着自豪。）She left, with a heavy heart.（她离开了，心情沉重。）21.No matter how long Im away, home is always glad to see me again.Home is a place of love.No matter how 的用法，属于 “no matter + 疑问词” 结构（如 no matter what/when/where），引导让步状语从句，意为 “无论”，可替换为 “疑问
40、词 + ever”（如 however, whatever）。例：No matter how hard it is, Ill try.= However hard it is, Ill try.（无论多困难，我都会尝试。）22.Everyone is friendly and always ready to give a hand.everyone 的主谓一致everyone 是不定代词，指代 “所有人”，但语法上视为单数，故谓语动词用单数形式（如 is, has）。例：Everyone likes this movie.（每个人都喜欢这部电影。）类似不定代词：everybody, every
41、thing, someone, something 等，均遵循 “单数形式，表整体概念” 的原则。be ready to do sth.“愿意做某事；准备好做某事”例：She is always ready to help others.（她总是乐于助人。）give a hand “帮忙；伸出援手”例：Can you give a hand to carry this box?（你能帮忙搬这个箱子吗？）近义短语：lend a hand（用法相同，更强调 “主动借出帮助”）。23.If you have any questions or need help, feel free to ask.
42、if 引导的条件状语从句结构：if + 陈述句（一般现在时），主句用祈使句或将来时，表 “如果，就”。例：If it rains, well stay at home.（如果下雨，我们就待在家里。）any 的用法：在条件句中，any 代替 some，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，表 “任何”。例：If you have any trouble, call me.（如果你有任何麻烦，打电话给我。）feel free to do sth.“可以随意做某事；不必客气地做某事”例：Feel free to leave whenever you want.（你想什么时候走就什么时候走。）24.It wa
43、s fun to decorate your room last month.It + be + 形容词 + to do sth.结构，这是英语中常用的句型，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语（to do sth.），意为 “做某事是 的”。这样的结构能使句子更平衡，避免不定式短语过长导致主语部分臃肿。例：It is important to study hard.（努力学习很重要。）（真正主语是 to study hard）decorate：动词，“装饰；布置”，常用搭配 “decorate sth.with sth.”（用某物装饰某物）。例：We decorated the C
44、hristmas tree with lights.（我们用灯装饰圣诞树。）【Grammar Focus】情态动词 can/could 表达礼貌请求的用法语法概述： 情态动词could可用于有礼貌地向对方提出要求或请求，也可用于提出建议。它本身不能作谓语，必须和不带to的动词原形一起构成谓语。“Could you please.?” 意为 “能请你吗？”，用于提出要求或请求。否定形式为Could you please not.?肯定回答：Yes, sure/Of cousre.是的，当然可以No problem.没问题。Sure/Of course/Certainly, I can.当然可以。
45、Could you please lend me your bike?Sure/Of course/Certainly, I can.否定回答：Sorry, I cant.I have to.对不起，我不能，我得Sorry, Im going to .对不起，我将Im afraid I cant.I have to.我恐怕不能。我得Could you please go hiking with me tomorrow?Sorry, I cant.I have to prepare for a competition.“Could/Can I.?”意为“我能吗？”，用于请求对方允许自己做某事。肯定回答：Yes, you can./ Of course you can./Yes, please.否定回答：Sorry, you cant./Im afraid you cant./No, you mustnt.Could I have a look at your new watch?Of course you can.Here you are.Mum, could I go out for a while? Im afraid you cant.You have to wash your clothes first.9
