1、八年级英语上册Unit 1 语法知识讲解和练习一、知识讲解【复合不定代词】定义：复合不定代词是由some,any,every,no分别加one,body,thing构成的不定代词。在句中可作主语、宾语成表语。Everybody here likes swimming.这里的每个人都喜欢游泳。用法：复合不定代词被形容词、动词不定式等修饰时，形容词、动词不定式等应置于其后。Is there anything important in todays newspaper?今天的报然上有什么重要的事情吗？含有some的复合不定代词多用于肯定句中，也可用于表示邀请、请求或建议的疑问句中，表示说话者希望得到
2、肯定答案。Would you like something to drink?你想喝点儿什么吗？含有any的复合不定代词多用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中，也可用于肯定句中，意为“任何人/事“。I dont have anything to say.我没什么要说的。(否定句)Anyone can do the work.任何人都能做这个工作。(肯定句，表示“任何人”)【一般过去时】概念：一般过去时表示在过去某个时间点或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作动词。过去式的构成：1、规则动词的变化一般规则：大多数动词在词尾加-ed。例如：play played, wo
3、rk worked, want wanted。以不发音的-e结尾的动词：只需在词尾加-d。例如：like liked, live lived。以辅音+y结尾的动词：将y改为i，再加-ed。例如：study studied, try tried。重读闭音节的动词：如果动词以辅音字母结尾且是重读闭音节，双写该辅音字母后加-ed。例如：stop stopped, plan planned。2、不规则动词的变化不规则动词的过去式变化不遵循上述规则，通常需要单独记忆。以下是一些常见的不规则动词及其过去式形式：AA型read read cut-cut put-put变i为asing-sang drink-
4、drank swim-swam变e/i为oforget-forgot ride-rode drive-drove变o/a为eknow-knew grow-grew draw-drew中间去e,词尾加tkeep-kept feel-felt sleep-slept词尾的d变为tspend-spent build-built lend-lent过去式结尾是ought/ aughtbuy-bought fight-fought teach-taughtbe动词过去式be was/were常见的表示过去的时间状语:last year,last weekend,yesterday,in 2020,jus
5、t now,two days ago等。句型结构:肯定句：主语+was/were+其他/主语+实义动词的过去式+其他）.否定句：主语+was/were+not+其他./主语+didnt+实义动词原形(+其他)一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其他？/Did+主语+实义动词原形(+其他)？特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词（组）+was/were+主语（+其他）？/特殊疑问词（组）+did+主语+实义动词原移(+其他)?二、知识练习一、用适当的复合不定代词填空 1.Is there _ interesting in todays newspaper? 2.Dont worry! _ will help y
6、ou with your problem. 3.Listen! _ is knocking at the door.Maybe its your sister. 4.The box is empty.Theres _ in it. 5.I cant find my keys _.Did you see them? 二、用所给动词的过去式填空 1.I _ (watch) a movie with my friends last Sunday. 2.She _ (not finish) her homework yesterday. 3._ they _ (visit) the museum la
7、st week? 4.Tom _ (buy) a new bike two days ago. 5.The students _ (be) very excited about the trip. 三、单项选择 1.Do you have _ to say? No, _. A.something; nothing B.anything; nothing C.everything; something 2._ is waiting for you at the school gate. A.Anyone B.Someone C.No one 3.The room is quiet._ is st
8、udying for the exam. A.Everyone B.Someone C.Anyone 4.My brother _ football yesterday because he was ill. A.doesnt play B.didnt play C.wasnt play 5._ you late for school this morning? Yes, I _. A.Were; was B.Did; did C.Are; am 6.They _ a great time at the party last night. A.have B.had C.has 四、句型转换 1
9、.She cooked dinner for her family.（改为否定句） She _ _ dinner for her family. 2.They went to Beijing by train.（对划线部分提问） _ _ they go to Beijing? 3.Was the book interesting? （作肯定回答） Yes, _ _. 五、改错题（找出错误并改正） 1.Did you meet somebody on your way home? 2.I didnt eat nothing this morning. 3.Everybody are happy
10、with the result. 4.He didnt went to school yesterday. 5.Did you saw the new teacher? 6.They was happy to see the result. 六、翻译句子 1.有人给你留了张纸条。 2.这个包里什么都没有。 3.你需要吃点东西吗？ 4.昨天下午他打篮球了吗？ 5.我们上周没有去露营。 6.她昨天很忙，所以没看电视。 七、小短文填空（一）用复合不定代词补全短文： Last night, I heard _ (1) crying outside.I opened the door but saw _
11、 (2).Today, I told _ (3) in my class about it, but _ (4) believed me.Maybe I was too tired（二）用动词的过去式补全短文： Last summer, my family and I _ (1) (go) to the beach.We _ (2) (swim) in the sea and _ (3) (build) sandcastles.My father _ (4) (take) many photos.It _ (5) (be) a wonderful day! 八、选择词语的正确形式填空：age
12、passenger lose helpfuldrive own give smile different helpA 25 - year - old young man is doing a special job on a bus.He is not only a bus 1._ but also a helper for the 2._ with special needs.Li Ming, the young man, is the 3._ of this special helping - hand service on the bus.He started this idea aft
13、er an accident happened to him.A few years ago, Li 4._ his left arm in a traffic accident, which made his life 5._ for a while.But with the 6._ of many kind people, he got through the hard time.Now, as a bus driver, Li 7._ his best to help those who are in trouble on the bus.“Sir, let me help you fi
14、nd a seat.”“Madam, here is a special seat for you.” Li spreads his 8._ words and warm 9._ to everyone on the bus.Li started learning how to better assist passengers with disabilities at the 10._ of 22.1._ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 【答案】一、： 1.anything 2.Someone/Somebody 3.Someone/Somebody 4
15、.nothing 5.anywhere 二、： 1.watched 2.didnt finish 3.Did; visit 4.bought 5.were 三、1.B 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B 四、 1.didnt cook 2.How did 3.it was 五、1、 somebody anybody（疑问句中用anybody） 2、something anything（否定句中用anything，避免双重否定） 3、 are is（复合不定代词作主语时，谓语用单数） 4、went go（助动词did后接动词原形） 5、saw see（疑问句中Did后接动词原形） 6、was
16、 were（They对应were） 六、1、Someone left you a note.2、There is nothing in this bag.3、Do you need something to eat? 4、Did he play basketball yesterday afternoon? 5、 We didnt go camping last week. 6、She was busy yesterday, so she didnt watch TV. 七（一）1.someone/somebody 2.nobody/no one 3.everyone/everybody 4.nobody/no one （二）1.went 2.swam 3.built 4.took 5.was 八、 driver passengers owner lost differenthelp gives helpful smiles age4
