1、中考英语语法复习状语从句和定语从句知识讲解一、状语从句（一）状语从句是什么？状语从句是复合句中的状语成分，用来修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词，表示时间、条件、原因、目的、结果、让步等关系。简单来说，它能让句子“更具体”“更丰富”。（二）五大重点类型及用法1.时间状语从句表示动作发生的时间，常用连词：when, while, as, before, after, until, since, as soon as【例句】I will call you when I arrive.（我到达时会给你打电话。）She was reading while I was cooking.（我做饭时她在读书。）B
2、efore you leave, turn off the lights.（离开前请关灯。）小贴士：时间状语从句中，主句用将来时（will/shall），从句用一般现在时（主将从现）。正确：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home.错误：If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay home.2.条件状语从句表示假设或条件，常用连词：if, unless（=if not）【例句】If you study hard, you will pass the exam.（如果你努力学习，你会通过考试。）Unless you apol
3、ogize, she wont forgive you.（除非你道歉，她不会原谅你。）主将从现原则：主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。正确：If he comes late, we will leave.错误：If he will come late, we will leave.3.原因状语从句表示动作发生的原因，常用连词：because, since, as, for【例句】She stayed home because she was sick.（她因为生病呆在家里。）Since its raining, well cancel the trip.（既然下雨了，我们取消旅行。）注意：Bec
4、ause 表示直接原因，语气最强，常用于回答“why”问题。Because 和 so 不能同时出现在一个句子中！正确：Because it was late, we left./ It was late, so we left.错误：Because it was late, so we left.4.结果状语从句表示主句动作导致的结果，常用结构：so.that., such.that.【例句】The movie was so boring that I fell asleep.（电影如此无聊，以至于我睡着了。）He is such a kind man that everyone likes
5、him.（他如此善良，以至于每个人都喜欢他。）区别：so + 形容词/副词 + thatsuch + a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + that5.让步状语从句表示“尽管但”，常用连词：though, although, even though/if【例句】Although it was raining, we went out.（尽管下雨了，我们还是出去了。）Even if you fail, dont give up.（即使你失败了，也不要放弃。）注意：though/although 不能与 but 同时使用！正确：Although he was tired, he kept worki
6、ng.错误：Although he was tired, but he kept working.可与 still/yet 搭配：Though she was sad, she still smiled.（三）高频考点总结1.时间状语从句常用连词：when, while, as, before, after, until, since, as soon as核心规则：主句用将来时（will/shall/be going to），从句用一般现在时（主将从现）。【例句】If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.注意：连词选择需匹配动作的持续性或瞬间性（如
7、 while 表示持续，as soon as 表示瞬间）。2.条件状语从句常用连词：if, unless（=if not）核心规则：主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时（主将从现）。【例句】If you study hard, you will pass the exam.注意：unless = if not，逻辑上需注意否定含义。3.原因状语从句常用连词：because, since, as, for核心规则：because 表示直接原因，语气最强，常用于回答“why”问题。since/as 表示已知或显而易见的原因。for 多用于书面语，通常放在主句之后。禁忌：because 和 so 不能同时
8、出现在一个句子中！正确：Because it was late, we left./ It was late, so we left.错误：Because it was late, so we left.4.结果状语从句常用结构：so.that., such.that.核心规则：【例句】He is such a kind man that everyone likes him.【例句】The movie was so boring that I fell asleep.so + 形容词/副词 + that（修饰形容词或副词）such + a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + that（修饰名词）
9、注意：区分结构，避免混淆。5.让步状语从句常用连词：though, although, even though/if核心规则：【例句】Even if you fail, dont give up.正确：Although it was raining, we went out.错误：Although it was raining, but we went out.though/although 表示“尽管但”，但不能与 but 同时使用！even though/if 强调“即使”，语气更强烈。搭配：可与 still/yet 连用，表示转折后仍发生的情况。【例句】Though she was sa
10、d, she still smiled.二、定语从句1.什么是定语从句？定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，通常由一个关系词引导，这个关系词既连接主句和从句，又在从句中充当一定成分。例如：This is the book that I bought yesterday.其中，“that I bought yesterday”就是定语从句，修饰先行词“the book”。2.关系词的选择原则：看从句中的“角色”选择正确的关系词，关键在于分析先行词（被修饰的词）在从句中充当什么成分。我们可以分为以下几类来记忆：（1）指人时主语成分关系词用： who / that 宾语成分关系词用：whom / who
11、 / that（可省略） 定语成分关系词用： whose 【例句】The man who/that is talking to Mary is my teacher.She is the girl (whom/who/that) I met last week.（宾语，可省略）The boy whose parents are doctors studies very hard.（2）指物时主语/宾语成分关系词用： which / that 定语成分关系词用： whose / of which 【例句】This is the car which/that my father bought.Th
12、e house, whose windows face south, is for sale.（= the windows of which）（3）指时间、地点、原因时这类情况中，关系词在从句中作状语，所以不能使用that或which。时间用whenI still remember the day when we first met. 地点用where This is the village where I was born. 原因用why Thats the reason why he left early. 限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句在英语中，定语从句分为两种：限制性定语从句和
13、非限制性定语从句。它们在结构和意义上都有明显区别。（4）限制性定语从句不用逗号隔开，与主句紧密结合。可以用 that 引导，也可以用 who、whom、which 等。指物时，如果关系词在从句中作宾语，which 或 that 可以省略。作用是限定先行词，也就是说，这个从句对理解句子至关重要，去掉后句意不完整或不清楚。示例：The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.（我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。）如果去掉“that I borrowed from the library”，我们就无法知道是哪本书。（5）非限制性
14、定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开，表示补充说明。不能使用 that，指人用 who/whom，指物用 which。指物时，即使关系词在从句中作宾语，which 也不能省略。作用是补充信息，去掉后不影响句子的基本意思。示例：My brother, who lives in Shanghai, will come to visit me next week.（我的哥哥住在上海，他下周要来看我。）即使去掉“who lives in Shanghai”，我们仍然知道是谁会来。（6）易错点总结漏掉或误加代词当关系词本身已在从句中作宾语时，不能再加it/them等代词。错误：This is the book
15、that I bought it yesterday.正确：This is the book (that) I bought yesterday.that 和 which 的混淆虽然两者有时可以互换，但在以下情况下只能使用that：先行词是不定代词：all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much 等Ill tell you everything (that) I know.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰This is the best movie that Ive ever seen.先行词同时包含人和物He talked about the people and places that impressed him most.主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句Who is the person that called you?4
