1、Module 4Music Born in America Section Grammar时间状语从句和省略语法图解时间状语从句课文原句感知Some of the DJs began speaking and shouting while the music played.The moment I heard it, I knew it was a completely new kind of music.The first time that rap artists recorded their music, musicians recorded the backing tracks (th
2、e music without the singing) in the studio and the rappers added their vocals later.No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang.Do you want to go to the movie tonight?I hope to (go to the movie)What do you think of the film (that) you saw yes
3、terday?While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student.Bob has done his homework, but Tom hasnt (done his homework)He accepted the suggestion that he (should) go there by train.语法领悟(1)句中黑体部分在句中引导时间状语从句，句为省略句。(2)句为no sooner.than./hardly.when.句式，表示“一就”，且no sooner/hardly位于句首时，
4、主句要用倒装语序。(3)句是不定式的省略，省去了to后面的动词(短语)。(4)由句可知，关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。(5)句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中包含be动词的某种形式，可以将从句的主语和be动词同时省略。(6)句是情态动词should的省略；句省略了部分谓语及宾语。一、时间状语从句1when, while, as引导时间状语从句(1)when引导的时间状语从句通常指时间点，从句的谓语动词是短暂性动词；也可以指一段时间，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。该从句表示的动作或状态可与主句表示的动作或状态同时发生，也可以是先后发生。When they heard the news, t
5、hey were very surprised.当他们听到那个消息时，他们非常惊讶。When I was walking down the street, I saw some policemen.当我沿着那条街走时，我看到了一些警察。(2)while意为“当的时候”，引导的时间状语从句常表示一段时间或一个过程，从句谓语动词只能用延续性动词，强调主句的动作或状态和从句的动作或状态是同时发生或存在的。Dont talk so loud while others are working.其他人在工作时，请勿大声说话。While the child was playing with his toys
6、, his parents were watching TV.当那个孩子在玩玩具时，他父母在看电视。(3)as表示“当的时候”，往往强调“随着”或“一边一边”。As I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would run into the same difficulties that beat me before.当我开始实施自己的减肥计划时，我担心会遇到和以前减肥失败时一样的困难。As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving
7、 a sign. She is my biggest fan.当我跑了快23英里时，我可以看到我的妻子正挥舞着一个牌子。她是我最忠实的粉丝。即学即练1(1)选词填空：when/whileWhen the gorillas (大猩猩) and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive.解析：句中frightened是短暂性动词，故这里应用When引导时间状语从句。Its good to know that the dogs will be well cared for when/while were away.解析：句
8、意：当我们不在家的时候，知道这些狗将会被好好照顾真是太好了。were away中的谓语动词表示状态，故可用when/while引导时间状语从句。(2)选择填空_ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.AUnlessBUntilCAs DWhile答案：C解析：句意：随着人口平均年龄的增加，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。unless “如果不，除非”； until “直到为止”； as “随着，当时，尽管”； while “当的时候，虽然，而”。As在此
9、引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”，故选C。2表示“一就”的词语引导的时间状语从句(1)instantly, immediately, directly表示“一就”，用作连词，引导时间状语从句。The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进了房间。I recognised her instantly I saw her.我一看见她就认出她来了。(2)as soon as, no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.意为“一就”，可引导时间状语从句。H
10、ardly had he begun to give his lecture when the audience in the lecture hall interrupted him.他刚开始发表演讲，演讲厅里的听众就打断了他。No sooner had she gone to sleep than the telephone rang once more.她刚去睡觉，电话就又响了。As soon as I finish the homework, Ill go to see you.我一完成家庭作业，就去看你。名师点津 在no sooner.than .和hardly/scarcely.w
11、hen.结构中，主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时。即学即练2单句语法填空I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.解析：句意：我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。hardly.when.是固定句式，表示“一就”。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.解析：考查固定句式“no sooner.than.”。该句式表示“一就”。3till和until引导的时间状语从句(1)
12、如果主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，如live, wait, work等，那么这个主句常用肯定式，表示动作一直持续到until所表示的时间为止。Mum waited for me until I came back last night.昨晚妈妈一直等我，直到我回来。(2)如果主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词，如go, come, leave等，那么这个主句常用否定式，表示动作到until所表示的时间才发生，构成not.until结构，意为“直到才”。Mum didnt go to bed until I came back last night.昨晚直到我回来妈妈才上床睡觉。名师点津(1)till不
13、可以置于句首，而until可以置于句首。Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我，我对此事才有所了解。(2)如果将“not until.”放在句首，那么主句要部分倒装。Not until we pointed out their fault did they realize it.直到我们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。4一些表示时间的名词词组，如the moment, the second, the minute, each/every time, the first time, the year等也用于引导时间状语从句，这时它们具有连词的功能
14、，后面不能跟when。Each time he came, he would bring us a lot of flowers.他每次来，都给我们带很多花。The first time he went to Shanghai, he paid a visit to his former teacher.第一次去上海，他就拜访了他以前的老师。The moment I saw him, I thought of his fathter.我一看见他，就想起了他的父亲。5before和since引导的时间状语从句(1)before意为“在之前”，它引导的从句的谓语动作晚于主句的谓语动作。before
15、常用于以下句型：It will be half a year before I come back.半年之后我才会回来。It wont be long before we meet again.不久，我们会再见面。It wasnt long before he left the country.没过多久他就离开了这个国家。(2)since引导时间状语从句时，表示“自以来”。主句通常用现在完成时，从句通常用一般过去时。如果从句的谓语动词是短暂性动词，时间从从句谓语动作发生时算起；如果从句的谓语动词是延续性动词，则时间从从句谓语动作结束时算起。常见句型：It is/has been一段时间sinc
16、e.自从已有时间了。Since he graduated from college, he has worked in this city.他大学毕业后一直在这个城市里工作。It is/has been ten years since he left Beijing.自他离开北京已经十年了。即学即练3(1)选择填空There is only one more day to go _ your favorite music group play live.Asince BuntilCwhen Dbefore答案：D解析：句意：距你最喜欢的乐队的现场演出仅有一天的时间了。since “自以来”；
17、until “直到为止”； when “当时”； before “在之前”。根据句意可知应选D。(2)单句语法填空Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. Hed moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since Id last seen him.解析：这里表示自我上次见到他已经过去13年了。故填since。The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left before I c
18、ould ask for their names.解析：句意：归还我丢失的钱包的那对年轻夫妻在我问他们名字之前就离开了。根据句意可知，此处应用before。(3)单句改错If you miss this chance, it may be years when you get another one.when改为before解析：句意：如果你错过这次机会，可能要过几年你才能再有一次机会。该句考查“it will /may be一段时间before.”句型，表示“要过时间才”。二、省略动词不定式中的省略(1)感官动词see, hear, watch, notice, observe等以及使役动词
19、let, make, have等后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动语态时，to必须保留。They made the boy go to bed early.他们让这个男孩儿早睡。The boy was made to go to bed early.这个男孩儿被迫早睡。(2)在cannot but, cannot help but等之后的动词不定式一般不带to；but之前有实义动词do的某种形式(do, does, did, done)时，but后的不定式也不带to，否则要带to。I cannot but admire his courage.我不能不钦佩他的勇气。She
20、 couldnt help but wonder what he was thinking.她不禁琢磨着他在想些什么。We have nothing to do now but wait.我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。(3)在并列结构中为了避免重复往往可省略除第一个不定式以外的不定式中的to。但当两个不定式有对比的意义时，不能省略to。Im really puzzled what to think or say.我真不知道该想什么说什么。I came not to scold but to praise you.我来不是要责备你，而是要赞美你。(4)在特殊疑问句中，why, why not后跟
21、省略to的动词不定式。Why talk so much about it?为什么大谈这件事呢？(5)不定式中动词部分是否省略，主要看前面是否出现过相同的部分。如果前面出现过同样的部分，为了避免重复，后面的不定式常省略动词部分，而保留不定式符号to。They may go if they wish to (go)如果他们想去，他们就可以去。Dont go till I tell you to.直到我告诉你去，你才可以去。单句语法填空1Susan came to the party yesterday, but it was already half past eight when/as she
22、turned up.2Immediately (immediate) she reached her home, Lily went to the kitchen and began to prepare supper.3When/As I came in, he was talking with others.4No sooner had he got home than the telephone rang.5How long do you suppose it is since he left for Japan?No more than half a month.6Before I c
23、ould say a word, she had rushed out of the room.7Tom fell asleep while/when he was doing his homework.8As time goes by, China is getting stronger and richer.9The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times before it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”10You must learn to consult related information before you reach any decision.学习至此，请完成课时作业14
